Experiences on the Urine Diverting Latrine (UDL) and EcoSan toilet in emergency, Mohammad Ali,...

8/4/2019 Experiences on the Urine Diverting Latrine (UDL) and EcoSan toilet in emergency, Mohammad Ali, Public Health Engineer Oxfam

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Seminar of experience sharing onSeminar of experience sharing on

EcoSanEcoSan toilet in Bangladeshtoilet in Bangladesh2727 September 2011, JICA Bangladesh officeSeptember 2011, JICA Bangladesh office

Experiences on the UrineExperiences on the Urine

Diverting Latrine (UDL) andDiverting Latrine (UDL) andEcoSanEcoSan toilet in emergencytoilet in emergency

Mohammad AliMohammad AliPublic Health EngineerPublic Health Engineer

OxfamOxfam


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EcosanEcosan toiletstoilets is the toilet that collect faeces and

What isWhat is EcoSanEcoSan Toilet and UDL?Toilet and UDL?

UrineUrine DivertingDiverting LatrineLatrine (UDL)(UDL) is a toilet that

urine separately and starting to recycle them asorganic fertilizer in a systematic way.

operates with/without water and has a divider so thatthe user, with little effort can divert the urine and anal

cleansing water away from the faeces.

Engr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health

Engineer, Oxfam


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WhyWhy EcoSanEcoSan Toilet or UDL?Toilet or UDL?

Problem with conventional sanitation system

Pit latrine is the most common and low-cost option

Not environment friendly

Pit latrine is not Appropriate sanitation technology in different

hydro-geological areas in case of :

The high water tableflood prone areas

water scarce Barind area and hill districts

low land and haor areas

Pit latrine is not disaster resilient as:

every year Bangladesh inundates over 20% to 70% areassedimentation of a river leads to water logging 3-9 months a year

cyclone occurred every after 1.5 years 4 cyclones since 2007Engr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health

Engineer, Oxfam


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WhyWhy EcoSanEcoSan Toilet or UDL?Toilet or UDL?Merits of EcoSan Toilet or UDL

Separation of urine and anal cleansing water from fecesreduces potential odors

Increases pit life

Urine is diverted and collected in a container, so user coulduse the urine as fertilizer and when necessary

Ensure sustainability. Farmers who have experienced highyields with fertilizer are more likely to buy the latrines

themselves and encourage others as well.

Toilets offer minimal hygienic risk with proper management.

Users have to apply ash/sand over the feces and perform analcleansing in the designated separated pan to ensure that fecescontainer remains dry and kills pathogens.


Engineer, Oxfam


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Top WatSan 2008-09

&

WASH Innovation Fund project 2009 -11

In search of latrine solution for

Flood prone areaEmergency sanitation option

Oxfam initiative so farOxfam initiative so far

Project area Information

Total District 04

(Sirajgonj, Gaibandha , Kurigram, Jessore )

Total Sub-district 04

(Chouhali, Sundargonj , Kurigram sadar, Monirampur & Satkhira)

Total Union 05

(Ghorjan, Belka, Panch gachi , Moghalbasa, Mashim Nagar & Paddmapukur)

Optional information

EcoSan Latrine 65

Low cost UDL (single pit) 45

Low cost UDL (double pit) 9

Emergency UDL- 80Engr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health

Engineer, Oxfam


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Experiences onExperiences on EcoSanEcoSan toilettoilet


Engineer, Oxfam


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Special Features Two separate chambers for

accumulation of feces

Chamber allowing feces to convert

to compost

EcoSanEcoSan toilettoilet

Separate pan for urine and analcleaning water

In-built system ensuring separate

storage of faeces, urine and anal

cleaning water

Functional all the time (before,during and after flood)

Long term use

Limited damage during and after

Urine for plant nutrients and fecesfor compost fertilizer and excellent

soil conditioner

Desludging is not required

Cost BDT 18,000Engr. Mohammad Ali, Public HealthEngineer, Oxfam


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Advantages

Prevent ground water pollution

even in high water table area and

minimize infectious diseasesUrine and faeces can be used to

produce fertilizer to be used in

agricultural purpose

Feces play soil conditioning role

EcoSanEcoSan toilettoilet

and improve soil healthUseful in places where water is

inadequate

Cost effective considering

durability, pay back and easy

operation and maintenance

Disadvantages

Need more space than traditional

a r nes

Need to be careful about notletting water into feces chamber

Poor families are unable to invest

such an amount of initial cost for

the latrine

Construction is more complicatedthan pit latrineEngr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health

Engineer, Oxfam


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Experiences onExperiences on

Urine Diversion LatrineUrine Diversion Latrine(UDL)(UDL)


Engineer, Oxfam


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Low Cost Single Pit UDLLow Cost Single Pit UDL

Special Features

Single and twin, both pit can be used

In-built system which ensures separate storage of

feces, urine and anal cleaning water

Appropriate for flood (before, during and after flood)

Urine is used as plant nutrient and feces as soil

conditioner

Easy maintenance

Desludging required for single pit but frequency is

reduced Cost BDT 7,000Engr. Mohammad Ali, Public HealthEngineer, Oxfam


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Low Cost Single Pit UDLLow Cost Single Pit UDL

AdvantagesCan be installed using precast ring and slab, with which the

community is used to.

Prevent ground water contamination and reduce infectious

diseases

Cost is lower than that of other technologiesUrine can be used as plant nutrient

Increase pit life

Disadvantages

Construction is more complicated than that of the pit latrines

Need attention about not letting water into feces chamberIn some cases, the user feels uneasy using this latrine rather

than ring slab latrineEngr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health

Engineer, Oxfam


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Low Cost Double Pit UDLLow Cost Double Pit UDL

Special Features

Double Pit

Pre-cast Slab with pan

Bottom and all joints are sealed

Cost BDT 7,500Engr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health

Engineer, Oxfam


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Urine use as

crop nutrient


Engineer, Oxfam


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UrineUrine

DiversionDiversion

LatrineLatrine


Engineer, Oxfam

easily mountable and


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- easily mountable and

dismountable frame

- frame and squat pan &

slab can be manufacturedbefore emergency and can

be kept as contingency

Dismountable Structure

- whole set can be stored

and transported just after

emergency

- In-built system whichensures separate storage

of faeces, urine and

Cost BDT 25,000


Engineer, Oxfam


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Engineer, Oxfam


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Engineer, Oxfam


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Engineer, Oxfam


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Bio degradable bag has beenintroduced to collect faeces.

Each bio bag is able to carry 10kg.

Excreta caring van


Engineer, Oxfam


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Engineer, Oxfam


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Each dumpingchamber is for

40HH@5latrines.

It has the aerationmechanism inside it

which helps faeces

It is designed to

decompose the

human excreta

within 60 days.

to decompose.


Engineer, Oxfam


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It has twotwo unitsunits

- Collected Human

slud e has been dum ed

in refuse chute intochamber.

- A soak pit is also

constructed to dumpdump

collectedcollected urineurine from UDtoilets. Engr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health

Engineer, Oxfam

Faeces Collection and Dispose System of


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Faeces Collection and Dispose System of

Emergency Urine Diversion Latrine

Collection of Faeces and Urine Disposal


Engineer, Oxfam


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Community people accepted the system and using encouragingly.

Lac of ventilation system created strong foul smell inside bio bag.

Findings:Findings:

Lac of strong grip with the ground wiped out UD toilets at high wind.

Bad smell from dumping station bothered near community people.

Uncountable flies borne inside the dumping site if water penetrates the

chamber or ash is not used appositely.

Lac of bio bag production in country delayed the implementation of the

project.

Plastic injecting mould could not be managed within the country.


Engineer, Oxfam


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Challenges:Challenges:

.

Not user friendly for disable & old people unless future modification.

Salty ground (rust) cause damage to any iron made structure.


Engineer, Oxfam


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UDLUDL

FloatingFloating

EmergencyEmergency

LatrineLatrine3 in Muschim

1 in KalaroaEngr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health

Engineer, Oxfam


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Engineer, Oxfam


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Front View of UDL Floating Emergency LatrineEngr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health

Engineer, Oxfam


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Side View of UDL Floating Emergency LatrineEngr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health

Engineer, Oxfam


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Side View of UDL Floating Emergency LatrineEngr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health

Engineer, Oxfam


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Engineer, Oxfam


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Special Features:Special Features:-It is UDL latrine (separate container for solid, urine and cleansing

water)- A replaceable container to accumulate excreta

- Two containers with filter media to treat cleansing water

- Separate jerrycane to store urine- empty containers act as buoyant

- In-built system ensuring separate storage of feces, urine and anal

cleaning water

- Functional all the time on the water (before, during and after flood)

- Appropriate for water logged, flood prone areas

- Long-term use

- Urine for plant nutrients- Excreta disposal is required Cost BDT 24,000


Engineer, Oxfam


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Field findings:Field findings: All latrines functioning smoothly

New technology for users Moving for anal cleaning after defecation is a bit hassle

Relevant stakeholders at national level so excited to replicate even in

urban slum Accepted by community

Recommendation:Recommendation: Recommended only for emergency situation in water body area. The

promotion of the concept is demanded. Community highly accepted.


Engineer, Oxfam


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Thank youThank you


Engineer, Oxfam

Experiences on the Urine Diverting Latrine (UDL) and EcoSan toilet in emergency, Mohammad Ali,...

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