European Roadmap Future Light and Heavy Duty Internal ...

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European Roadmap

Future Light and Heavy Duty Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)

Technologies-Draft-

Zissis Samaras, Professor

ERTRAC Working Group on Energy & Environment

24/11/20151


• ERTRAC – The European Road Transport Research Advisory

Council

• A Discussion of the possible research targets for the ICE to

address societal needs

• CO2 Emissions

• Pollutant Emissions

in the framework of the European objectives

• Technologies to be developed

• Next steps

Contents


European Road Transport Research Advisory Council

A European Technology Platform

3 24/11/2015

Societal challenges

• Decarbonisation

• Reliability

• Safety & Security

• Global Competitiveness

Target:

To produce Roadmaps for the European

research Activities in the mid term future

www.ertrac.org

Reducing Road Transport

CO2 Emissions

Consumer

Information

labeling

Public

procurement

Infrastructure

and traffic

managementEco-driving

and driver

behaviour

Fuels

&

Energy

Motor

vehicles

Taxation and

fiscal measures

Consumer &

Real World Driving

Fleet

renewal

Following an Integrated Approach is Paramount


Decarbonization of Road Transport:

ERTRAC Guiding objectives for 2030

• Improving the energy efficiency of road transport• Greater fuel efficiency of engines, vehicles, and transport systems

• Greater use of alternative transport modes, especially in urban areas

• Greater use of Information Technology (V2V, V2I, and V2G)

• Increasing the share of renewables in road transport• Greater use of biofuels in road fuels

• Greater use of renewables in electricity generation

5 24/11/2015

* Versus 2010 baseline


EC objective

• To reduce GHG emissions in the EU by 80 to 95% by 2050 compared to

1990 levels

• This target sets out the boundaries also for developments in the

transport sector

Transport White Paper

• To reduce the GHG emissions from the transport sector by 60% by 2050

compared to 1990 and by 20% by 2030 compared to 2008 levels

2030 targets

• At least 40% cuts in GHG emissions (from 1990 levels)

• At least 27% share for renewable energy

• At least 27% improvement in energy efficiency

EU Climate & energy framework

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EU 2030 Framework for Climate and Energy:

New Governance System

7

Road

Non-road

Source EC, 2014. European Commission’s 2030 framework for climate and energy: A key step in EU "domestic preparations"

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Demanding EU CO2 Transport Targets …

8

EU28 all transport GHG (CO2–equivalent)

Data source: European Environment Agency, 2015 update

Road

Non-road

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…with projections of strong activity growth

9

Road

Non-road

EU28 activity projection

Data source: IIASA, TSAP

Transport growth is

strongly related to

economic growth and

increased trade within

Europe and

internationally.

www.ertrac.org10

Road

Non-road

With 75% CO2 road transport, what do future

targets mean for automotive research?

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Structure of Car Fleet and Fuel Shares

Source: EU ENERGY, TRANSPORT AND GHG EMISSIONS TRENDS TO 2050 – Reference Scenario 2013

Report for DG Energy, DG Climate Action and DG Mobility and Transport

December 2013

Final Energy demand in Transport by Fuel Type

EC’s “Reference Scenario 13”: attempt to define

transport trends to 2030 in compliance with the targets

(with extrapolation to 2050)

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ERTRAC’s view: The evolution of passenger road

transport per energy source

www.ertrac.orgSource: EC, 2013. EU ENERGY, TRANSPORT AND GHG EMISSIONS TRENDS TO 2050

The role of ICE

�The EC Reference Scenario largely overstates the diesel

share, while forecasts low electricity penetration.

�Nevertheless, whatever the scenario, the dominant role of

ICEs both as stand alone prime movers or in hybrid

configurations is underlined – Irrespective of different

approaches regarding fleet composition

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In passenger road transport

energy intensity is expected

to improve by 35% in 2030

relative to 2005

In freight road transport

energy intensity is expected to

improve by 15% in 2030

relative to 2005

Source: EC, 2013. EU ENERGY, TRANSPORT AND GHG EMISSIONS TRENDS TO 2050

The EC “Reference Scenario 13” –

Projected energy intensity reductions to 2030

(extrapolation to 2050)

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ERTRAC Guiding objectives compared to EC’s

“Reference Scenario 13” 1/2

ERTRAC Vision 2030 EC Reference 13 Intensity

Efficiency Intensity 2030 2050

Urban passenger transport +80% -45%

Long distance freight +40% -28,5%

Overall road transport +50% -33%

Road passenger transport -29% -35%

Road freight transport -13% -20%

15 01/12/2015

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ERTRAC Guiding objectives compared to EC’s

“Reference Scenario 13” 2/2

16 01/12/2015

� ERTRAC’s Guiding objectives are more far reaching than the

current EU Targets for 2030

� ERTRAC’s Vision and Roadmaps have positively influenced so

far the technology development that underpinned the EU’s

targets

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However according to EC’s “Reference Scenario 13” –

additional actions are necessary to control CO2 emissions

17 01/12/2015

• With the so far measures passenger transport CO2 emissions

decrease by 18 % between 2010 and 2030 and then stabilize

• Freight transport CO2 emissions steadily increase.

www.ertrac.org

Air Quality Targets: PM emissions -

18 01/12/2015

0

100

200

300

400

500

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

kt

PM

2.5

Inl. vessels + ships

Agric. + forestry machines

Construction machines

Rail - diesel only

Other non-road machinery

Heavy trucks - diesel

Cars and light trucks - gasoline

Cars and light trucks - diesel

Mopeds + Motorcycles

Buses + all other

Tyre, brake, abrasion

Generally a success story:

Reductions until 2030

Remaining issues:

• Particle number

emissions in particular

in RDE from GDIs

• Non exhaust emissions

(tyre, clutch and brake

wear) increase

www.ertrac.org19

Road

Non-road

A discussion for target setting

www.ertrac.org

Targets for roadmaps are deduced in the

framework of ERTRAC system’s approach

20 01/12/2015

www.ertrac.org

Target of the advanced technologies for the ICE

• Extend the ICE efficiency as close as possible to its

thermodynamic boundaries – Similarly to target

setting in other parts of the world

21 01/12/2015

Japan’s R&D Program on

Internal Combustion EnginesUS DoE Super Truck Program

www.ertrac.org

Discussion for peak thermal efficiency

targets

• For Passenger Cars and Light Commercial

vehicles: Peak thermal efficiency 50%

• For Heavy Duty Vehicles:

Peak thermal efficiency 55%

• Question: How the above translate in terms of

cycle fuel consumption? � They should be

complemented with a wider range of good

efficiency. � Closure of the gap between real world and cycle fuel consumption by 2025

22 01/12/2015

www.ertrac.org

CO2 emission related to the efficiency of a mid-

class vehicle (1360 Kg)

23 01/12/2015

www.ertrac.org

CO2 challenges for future HD propulsion

24 01/12/2015

www.ertrac.org

Discussion for pollutant emissions targets

• For regulated pollutants (NOx and PN)

emissions better than Euro 6 emission limits

in RDE conditions (i.e. excellent performance

all over the engine map and under – most –

driving conditions)

• No increase of non-regulated pollutants (i.e.

NH3, N2O etc.)

25 01/12/2015

www.ertrac.org

ICE improvement areas towards higher energy

efficiency

26 01/12/2015

www.ertrac.org

Conventional and Alternative / Bio Fuels for

Transportation

27 01/12/2015


Technologies under discussion

01/12/201528

www.ertrac.org

Advanced technologies for the ICE to reach

efficiency targets

Technologies

Further development of components and systems, based on existing engine

technologies

New combustionprocesses / engine

concepts, new combustion sensing & control

Development of dedicated ICEs for

electrified powertrains

Efficient dedicated combustion engines for alternative/low carbon

fuels

29 01/12/2015

www.ertrac.org

Future Light Duty ICE Powertrain Technologies

30 24/11/2015

Time for market introduction

Further development on

components and systems, on

the intelligent interplay of

combinations of these

technologies

2015 2020 2025 2030 2040 2050

New combustion processes and

engine concepts

short term

long term

imp

act

www.ertrac.org

Further development on components and systems

Combustion Improvement � Fully flexible injection systems,

pressure, fuel quality, and rate shaping

� Fully flexible valvetrains and Variable

Compression Ratio (VCR)

� EGR systems (internal, external, low

and high pressure)

� Downsizing, downspeeding, and high-

pressure charging

� Spark Ignition engine technology for

future fuels (including downsizing)

� Compression Ignition engine

technology for future fuels

31 02/06/2015

www.ertrac.org


Control systems � Multivariable model-based control

systems

� Model based development

� Model based calibration

� Further Sensor development

� Predictive route based control

Emissions Control and

After-treatment

� Particulate Matter (PM) control with

focus on in-Chamber PM Control

� Advanced after-treatment solutions for

Spark Ignited engines including gas

engines

� Advanced After-Treatment Solutions

for Compression Ignited engines

� Non-precious metal aftertreatment

systems

32 02/06/2015

www.ertrac.org


Cool and Heat recovery � Waste heat recovery

� Advanced cooling technology

Engine lightweight � Integral part of powertrain

lighweighting

Transmission � Advanced Transmissions for

Conventional and Hybrid Powertrains� transmission efficiency

� overall powertrain control

33 02/06/2015

www.ertrac.org

New combustion processes and engine concepts

34 02/06/2015

+ New Powertrain Architectures

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Potential contribution of the above

technologies to reach the targets

35 01/12/2015

www.ertrac.org

Heavy-duty Powertrain Future Technologies

� New/modified engine architectures for improved efficiency

� Engine/powertrain systems for Longer/Heavier combinations

� Heavy electrification (PHEV with electrified major roads)

� Improvement of the thermodynamic

� Engine Down speeding and or Engine downsizing

� Combustion improvements (cylinder pressure, chamber

shape, improved heat rejection, fuel injection)

– For conventional and low CO2 fuels

� Turbo efficiency/Turbo-compound Waste Heat Recovery

� Engine friction and fluid pumping

� Ultra low engine-out emission control

� Engine control and adaptation for

– Autonomous vehicles

– Electrified urban delivery36 02/06/2015

www.ertrac.org

ERTRAC Working Group on Energy & Environment:

• Stefan Schmerbeck (VW) - chair

• Heather Hamjer (Concawe) – co-chair

• Rainer Aust (VW/Eofer)

• Penny Atkins, Simon Edwards (Ricardo)

• Gaetano de Paola (IFPEN)

• Peter Prenninger (AVL)

• Andrea Gerini (CRF)

• …and many others

37 02/06/2015


Merci de votre attention!

01/12/201538

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