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Europe in the Postclassical Era.ppt...
Transcript of Europe in the Postclassical Era.ppt...
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Europe in the Postclassical EraEurope in the Postclassical Era
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I. The Byzantine Empire**: Eastern EEurope
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Byzantine HallmarksByzantine Hallmarks
• Caesaropapism**:Caesaropapism :– Began with
Constantine– Emperor involved in
religious affairsCouncil of Nicaea– Council of Nicaea (325)
– Highly centralized & g ybyzantine bureaucracy
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East vs West: Religious splitEast vs. West: Religious split
• Roman Catholic • Greek OrthodoxRoman Catholic Church**:– Latin language
Greek Orthodox Church**:– Greek language
– Reject secular interferenceR li i i
– Emperors as superior– Iconoclasm
– Religious images encouraged
– Celibate priesthood
– Married priesthood
Celibate priesthood
Mutual Excommunication in 1054CE
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Justinian** and Roman LawJustinian and Roman Law
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Justinian and Theodora The Hagia Sophia**
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Byzantium and Eastern EuropeByzantium and Eastern Europe
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Byzantine Missionary EffortsByzantine Missionary Efforts
• Conversion toConversion to Orthodox Christianity by Slavs
• Cyrillic** alphabet
Saints Cyril and Methodius
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Russia: Kingdom of Kiev**Russia: Kingdom of Kiev
Prince Vladimir
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II. Western Europe: the Middle AAges
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Feudalism**Feudalism
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Feudalism (cont )Feudalism (cont.)
• In absence of centralIn absence of central authority
• Local military and ypolitical relationships
• Lords and “retainers”/vassals supported by surplus
i l f fagriculture of serfs who get security
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Manorialism**Manorialism
• With decline of townsWith decline of towns and trade
• Subsistence agriculture
• Subdivision of a fief• Worked by serfs• Lord of manor o d o a o
provides security, government, justice
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The High Middle Ages (c.1000-1300CE)1300CE)
• Boom in agricultureBoom in agriculture via crops and technology
• Variation in diet• Rapid population p p p
growth: from 29m in 800 to 79m by 1300
• Revival of towns and trade
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High Middle Ages: towns and tradeHigh Middle Ages: towns and trade
• Supported by foodSupported by food surplus
• Artisans, merchants, , ,professionals
• Centers of trade linked to Mediterranean and b dbeyond . . .
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Medieval TradeMedieval Trade
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The Hanseatic League**The Hanseatic League
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The Guild System**The Guild System
• Form of self-Form of selfgovernance
• Goals??• Is it capitalism??
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Women in late Middle AgesWomen in late Middle Ages
Christine de Pisan**
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The Roman Catholic Church & P li i l P Th F kPolitical Power : The Franks
Baptism of Clovis Coronation of Charlemagne**
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Charlemagne’s EmpireCharlemagne s Empire
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The Church and Power: the Holy R E i **Roman Empire**
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Church and HRE (cont )Church and HRE (cont.)
• Pope Gregory VII**Pope Gregory VII and “lay investiture”
• Showdown with Emperor Henry IV**
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Monasticism**Monasticism
• Origins in EgyptOrigins in Egypt• Rule of St.
Benedict (6thBenedict (6th
Century)C lib t• Celibacy, poverty, obedience to abbot
• Monasteries as central to social and cultural life
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The Church and EducationThe Church and Education
• Demand for educatedDemand for educated individuals
• Cathedral schools• Academic guilds• The first universities:The first universities:
Bologna, Paris, Salamanca, Oxford, etc.
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The Church and AristotleThe Church and Aristotle
Anselm of Canterbury**Thomas Aquinas**
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The Crusades**The Crusades
• Goal of recapturingGoal of recapturing Palestine and Jerusalem
• Only the 2nd is successful
• Cultural and commercial consequences
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The Black Death** (Bubonic l )plague)
• From SW China andFrom SW China and along trade routes
• Appears in Europe pp pduring “little ice age”
• Population declinep• Social/economic
effects
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Europe in Postclassical: key terms && concepts
• Byzantine Empire • Feudalismy p• Caesaropapism• Roman Catholic vs.
• Manorialism• Hanseatic League
Greek Orthodox ChurchJ ti i
g• Guild• Christine de Pizan
• Justinian• Hagia Sophia• Cyrillic
• Charlemagne• Holy Roman Empire
• Cyrillic• Kingdom of Kiev
• Pope Gregory VII & Emperor Henry IV
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Key terms (cont )Key terms (cont.)
• Thomas AquinasThomas Aquinas• Anselm of Canterbury
C d• Crusades• Black Death