Essential Question: –What caused the Protestant Reformation? Warm-Up Q: –Look at this image:...

• Essential Question:–What caused the Protestant Reformation?

• Warm-Up Q:–Look at this

image: What is the main idea of the Protestant Reformation?

Breakdown of Denominations

Early Reformers

• John Wycliffe (1324-1384)– Interested in authority of

clergy.– People should be able to

interpret and read the Bible on their own.

– Lived during Western Schism (more than one pope).

• This caused questioning about Papal Authority.

Early Reformers Cont…• Jan Hus (1369-1415)

– He wanted Bishops elected and not appointed by Pope.

– At the Council of Constance, he made his case but he was burned at the stake for his beliefs.

– Spiritual leader of the Moravian Church.

William Tyndale, priest and Oxford scholar, translates the New Testament from Greek into English (AD 1525), but cannot get approval to publish it in England.

AD 1525

1500 BC 500 BC AD 1 AD 500 AD 1000 AD 1500 AD 1900 AD 20001500 BC 500 BC AD 1 AD 500 AD 1000 AD 1500 AD 1900 AD 2000

William TyndaleWilliam Tyndale

He moves to Germany and smuggles Bibles,

into England in sacks of corn and flour.

In AD 1535, he publishes part of the Old Testament translated from Hebrew

into English.

AD 1535


William TyndaleWilliam Tyndale


Sources Used: Ancient Greek and Hebrew Copies and

The Vulgate

TyndaleAD 1525

“O Lord, open the king of

England’s eyes.”

1536 Tyndale "was strangled to death while tied at the stake, and then his dead body was

burned"


The Coverdale Bible is translated by Miles

Coverdale (AD 1535) and dedicated to

Anne Boleyn, one of King Henry VIII’s wives. This is the first complete

Bible to be printed in English.

AD 1535


The Coverdale BibleThe Coverdale Bible

Erasmus

Early Reformers Cont…

• Erasmus (1466-1536)– “Erasmus laid the egg that Luther

hatched.”

– Erasmus remained committed to reforming the Church from within.

– He also held to Catholic doctrines such as that of free will.

• Which some Protestant Reformers rejected in favor of the doctrine of predestination.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Holbein-erasmus.jpg

Thomas More

Important Developments that aid the process to Reformation!

• The Printing Press!!!!– Books are now available to

the masses not just the rich! (Faster production=cheaper books)

– People have access to books whenever they want them.

• How does this relate to the Reformation? Explain your answer?Printing Press = 3,600 pages per

workday

Hand Printing = 40 pages per workday

Martin Luther

Martin Luther• Luther was a German

monk and professor of theology (religion) at the University of Wittenberg.

• One of the many leaders of the Protestant Reformation.

– Luther objected to a saying attributed to Johann Tetzel that "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs."

Luther’s 95 Theses• In 1517, the 95 Theses were nailed to a

church door. They were written in Latin.– Luther’s intention: NOT TO BREAK WITH

CHURCH, BUT REFORM IT!– Criticized:

1.Indulgences2.Power of Pope3.Wealth of Church

God’s Grace won by FAITH ALONE! – Catholic View: Good Works

Frederick the Wise

The Sale of Indulgences

Johann Tetzel

Posting the 95 Theses

Pope Leo X

Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V

Charles V

Luther and Charles V, Diet of Worms

Wartburg: Castle of Frederick the Wise

Ulrich Zwingli 1484-1531Ulrich Zwingli 1484-1531• 1529 The protestants and Catholics started 1529 The protestants and Catholics started

meeting in open war in Cappelmeeting in open war in Cappel

• Against the advice of Zwingli several of the Against the advice of Zwingli several of the protestant cantons sought peaceful negotiationsprotestant cantons sought peaceful negotiations

• They negotiated peace but didn’t gain all of the They negotiated peace but didn’t gain all of the hoped for concessionshoped for concessions

• 1531 The second battle of Cappel occurred as 1531 The second battle of Cappel occurred as was inevitablewas inevitable

• Zwingli led his troops and was injured while Zwingli led his troops and was injured while tending the wounded, later he was slain, his body tending the wounded, later he was slain, his body burned, ashes mixed with a swine’s and scatteredburned, ashes mixed with a swine’s and scattered

(2) Geneva (French-speaking)• John Calvin’s leadership

in Geneva from 1541-1564

• Geneva became the model Protestant training center

• Stress on order and rigorous adherence to God’s law

• A “Quasi-theocracy”• Very austere religion

practiced in Geneva• Self-discipline and the

“Protestant Work Ethic”

Other Reformations

• Ulrich Zwingli in Switzerland– Theocracy

• A government in which church and state are joined and in which officials are considered to be divinely inspired.

• John Calvin in Switzerland– Predestination

• God knows who will be saved, even before people are born, and therefore guides the lives of those destined fore salvation.

• John Knox in Scotland– Laid grounds for Presbyterian Church

Henry VIII (ruled: 1509- 47)

B. England• Henry VIII’s marriage to

Catherine of Aragon• Henry seeks an annulment• Henry creates the Church

of England and establishes his own supremacy over it

• A “political reformation” only at first

• The six wives of Henry VIII

--Anne Boleyn

--Jane Seymour

In England, the Reformation began with the King!

• King Henry VIII– The king who had six wives…

• He wants a SON!

Lines provided in notes to write down story of King Henry VIII.

The Reformation Parliament

• Was a gathering that led to the decision that England was no longer under the authority of the pope.

• Act of Supremacy – Subjects were required to take an oath declaring

Henry VIII to be “Supreme Head of the Church of England”

TheThe AnabaptistsAnabaptists

The Church under the CrossThe Church under the Cross

Emergence out of Emergence out of Zwingli’s ReformationZwingli’s Reformation

• 1519, Zwingli began attracting students:– Conrad Grebel

– Felix Manz

– George Blaurock

• Known as Swiss Brethren; studies called Prophecy Meetings; studied NT in Greek

• Study led to rejection of infant baptism & support of believer’s baptism

Menno Simons (1496-1561)Menno Simons (1496-1561)

• Former priest in Netherlands; baptized in 1536

• Theology:

– Discipline through church ban

– Pacifism: reaction to Münster; refused participation in war

– Faulty Christology: Christ’s nature did not derive from Mary’s flesh; instead, Christ’s body composed of “celestial flesh”

• Followers settled in America: Mennonites

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