ESRI Intl. User Conference June 21, 2007 Tracking the Great Whales: An Arc Marine Case Study Brett...

ESRI Intl. User Conference June 21, 2007

Tracking the Great Whales:An Arc Marine Case Study

Brett K. Lord-Castillo1*, Tomas Follett2, Andrew Weiss2, Bruce R. Mate2, and Dawn J. Wright1

27th Annual ESRI User Conference

June 21, 2007 San Diego, California

1 Department of Geosciences, Oregon State University2 Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University


Individual based information

• Satellite telemetry

• Day length-SST

• Fastlock GPS

• Pop up archival

• Genotyping

Mate, 1989; Mate et al. 2005; Shaffer et al. 2005; Block 2005; Block et al. 2005


ARGOS Telemetry

Adapted from Liaubet and Malardé, 2003

Austin, McMillan,and Bowen 2003

NOAA Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite


Mate, Mesecar, and Lagerquist 2007


Research Questions

How can a geographic information system enhance the research advantages of satellite telemetry?

How can the Arc Marine data model be applied to this primary research question?


Specifications• Retain all raw data, with relationships to

derived results and processing choices. • Archive data acquisition quality and other

auxiliary information. • Store operational information linked to the

appropriate measured data. • Create an analysis audit trail, but do not

save analytic snapshots. • Record hardware details are stored for

future reference (tag components, manufacturers, raw data bit structure, etc.).


Gathering your materials

DocumentationArc Marine Schema

Microsoft Visio

UML to XMI Export tools

Arc Marine Tutorial

Visual Studio

Python (2.4 or higher) + IDE

Python libraries


http://dusk2.geo.orst.edu/djl/arcgis/diag.html


Most important objects

Whale locations

Tags

Whales


LocationSeries:A sequence of point data

Marine Objects::InstantaneousPoint (GeometryType=esriGeometryPoint)

-TimeValue: esriFieldTypeDate

-ZValue: esriFieldTypeDouble

-SurveyID: esriFieldTypeInteger

-SeriesID: esriFieldTypeInteger

<SubtypeField>-PointType: esriFieldTypeInteger = 1

LocationSeries

PointType: esriFieldTypeInteger = 4

Subtype


Inheritance

ESRI Classes::Object+OBJECTID

ESRI Classes::Feature+Shape

Marine Objects::MarineFeature-FeatureID-FeatureCode

Marine Objects::MeasurementPoint-CruiseID


Is an animal just a series of locations?


Telemetry Advantages

• Responsiveness

• Data relationships

• Autonomous profiling

• Continuous coverage


Animal: A type of vehicleMarine Objects::Vehicle

-VehicleID: esriFieldTypeInteger

-Name: esriFieldTypeString

-Category: esriFieldTypeString

Marine Objects::Animal

-Sex: Sex = 3

-Genotype: esriFieldTypeString

-SpeciesID: esriFieldTypeInteger

-Social: Social = 1

Child Class


Specifications• Archive data acquisition quality and other

auxiliary information.• Retain all raw data, with relationships to

derived results and processing choices.• Store operational information linked to the

appropriate measured data. • Record hardware details for future

reference (tag components, manufacturers, raw data bit structure, etc.).

• Create an analysis audit trail, but do not save analytic snapshots.


Other changes

• Which other core classes to use?

• What core classes to remove?


Snowflake Schema


Solving Multiple Point Types


And more subdimensions

ObservationInfo Field observation

(links to photograph files)

DerivedInfo Interpolated or

derived location

GPSInfo FastlockGPS


Other “sheets”

• Record hardware details for future reference (tag components, manufacturers, raw data bit structure, etc.).

• Create an analysis audit trail, but do not save analytic snapshots.

TAGS

21 June, 2007

ARC MARINE DATA MODEL

-ScheduleDetailID : esriFieldTypeInteger-DetailDuration : esriFieldTypeInteger-OnOff : esriFieldTypeInteger-ScheduleTypeID : esriFieldTypeInteger

ScheduleDetail-ScheduleID : esriFieldTypeInteger-ScheduleNumber : esriFieldTypeInteger-ScheduleTypeID : esriFieldTypeInteger-Duration : esriFieldTypeInteger-DeviceID : esriFieldTypeInteger

Schedule

1 *

-TagTypeID : esriFieldTypeInteger-Power : esriFieldTypeInteger-Description : esriFieldTypeString-Class : esriFieldTypeString

TagType

-TagTypeID : esriFieldTypeInteger-HardwareID : esriFieldTypeInteger

«RelationshipClass»TagTypeHasHardware

-HardwareID : esriFieldTypeInteger-Description : esriFieldTypeString-SupplierID : esriFieldTypeInteger-Category : esriFieldTypeString

Hardware

1

*

1

*

* *

-BitStructureID : esriFieldTypeInteger-Name : esriFieldTypeString

BitStructure

*

1

-SupplierID : esriFieldTypeInteger-Name : esriFieldTypeString-Contact : esriFieldTypeSingle-Phone : esriFieldTypeInteger-Fax : esriFieldTypeInteger-Address : esriFieldTypeSingle-City : esriFieldTypeString-State : esriFieldTypeString-Zip : esriFieldTypeString

Supplier

1..*

1

-BitDetailID : esriFieldTypeInteger-StartBit : esriFieldTypeInteger-Length : esriFieldTypeInteger-ParameterID : esriFieldTypeInteger-BitStructureID : esriFieldTypeInteger

BitDetail

11..*

+OBJECTID : esriFieldTypeOID

ESRI Classes::Object

-DeviceID : esriFieldTypeInteger-Name : esriFieldTypeString-Description : esriFieldTypeString-AntennaCode : esriFieldTypeInteger-InitializeDate : esriFieldTypeDate-StartDate : esriFieldTypeDate-StopDate : esriFieldTypeDate-Status : DeviceStatus-TagTypeID : esriFieldTypeInteger-TransmitterID : esriFieldTypeInteger-BitStructureID : esriFieldTypeInteger-CruiseID : esriFieldTypeInteger

Measurements::MeasuringDevice

-CruiseID : esriFieldTypeInteger-Code : esriFieldTypeString-Name : esriFieldTypeString-Purpose : esriFieldTypeString-Status : esriFieldTypeString-Description : esriFieldTypeString-StartDate : esriFieldTypeDate-EndDate : esriFieldTypeDate-ShipName : esriFieldTypeString-State : esriFieldTypeString-Country : esriFieldTypeString

Marine Objects::Cruise

1

*

-TransmitterID : esriFieldTypeInteger-PTT : esriFieldTypeInteger-SerialNumber : esriFieldTypeInteger-HardwareID : esriFieldTypeInteger-ProgramID : esriFieldTypeInteger-Frequency : esriFieldTypeDouble-Encoding : esriFieldTypeString-Sensors : esriFieldTypeInteger-SensorBits : esriFieldTypeInteger

Transmitter11

-PTT : esriFieldTypeInteger-HexPTT : esriFieldTypeString-LastTransmit : esriFieldTypeDate

PTTList

*

1

PTT# goes in Name

1* -ScheduleTypeID : esriFieldTypeInteger-SchedType : esriFieldTypeString-Description : esriFieldTypeString

ScheduleType

CRUISE OPS

21 June, 2007


-CrewID : esriFieldTypeInteger-Name : esriFieldTypeString-Affiliation : esriFieldTypeString

Crew

-CrewKeyID : esriFieldTypeInteger-CrewID : esriFieldTypeInteger-SurveyID : esriFieldTypeInteger

CrewKey

1

*

1*

1 *

1

1

1

*



-ObservationID : esriFieldTypeInteger-Lat : esriFieldTypeDouble-Lon : esriFieldTypeDouble-SurveyID : esriFieldTypeInteger-ObserverID : esriFieldTypeInteger-EventID : esriFieldTypeInteger

ObservationInfo

-SurveyID : esriFieldTypeInteger-StartDate : esriFieldTypeDate-EndDate : esriFieldTypeDate-Description : esriFieldTypeString-DeviceID : esriFieldTypeInteger-TrackID : esriFieldTypeInteger-CruiseID : esriFieldTypeInteger

Marine Objects::SurveyInfo

-TrackID : esriFieldTypeInteger-Name : esriFieldTypeString-Method : esriFieldTypeString-Description : esriFieldTypeString-LocalDesc : esriFieldTypeString

MarineFeatures::Track

-CruiseID : esriFieldTypeInteger-Code : esriFieldTypeString-Name : esriFieldTypeString-Purpose : esriFieldTypeString-Status : esriFieldTypeString-Description : esriFieldTypeString-StartDate : esriFieldTypeDate-EndDate : esriFieldTypeDate-ShipName : esriFieldTypeString-State : esriFieldTypeString-Country : esriFieldTypeString

Marine Objects::Cruise

FILTERING

21 June, 2007


-FilterStepParameterID : esriFieldTypeInteger-ParameterID : esriFieldTypeInteger-CompOperator : esriFieldTypeString-CompValue : esriFieldTypeDouble-StringValue : esriFieldTypeString-FilterStepID : esriFieldTypeInteger

FilterStepParameter

-FlagID : esriFieldTypeInteger-FunctionID : esriFieldTypeInteger-Priority : esriFieldTypeInteger-FeatureID : esriFieldTypeInteger

Flag

-FilterID : esriFieldTypeInteger-Description : esriFieldTypeString-UserID : esriFieldTypeInteger-Created : esriFieldTypeDate

Filter

-FlagParameterID : esriFieldTypeInteger-ParameterID : esriFieldTypeInteger-CompOperator : esriFieldTypeString-CompValue : esriFieldTypeDouble-StringValue : esriFieldTypeString-FlagID : esriFieldTypeInteger

FlagParameter

1

0..*

1 *

-FunctionID : esriFieldTypeInteger-FunctionName : esriFieldTypeString

Functions *1

-FunctionParameterID : esriFieldTypeInteger-ParameterID : esriFieldTypeInteger-FunctionID : esriFieldTypeInteger

FunctionParameter

1

*

-FilterStepID : esriFieldTypeInteger-QueryText : esriFieldTypeBlob-FunctionID : esriFieldTypeInteger-FilterID : esriFieldTypeInteger

FilterStep

1

*

1

0..*

-TimeValue : esriFieldTypeDate-ZValue : esriFieldTypeDouble-SurveyID : esriFieldTypeInteger-SeriesID : esriFieldTypeInteger«SubtypeField» -PointType : esriFieldTypeInteger = 1-LC : LocationClass-EventID : esriFieldTypeInteger

MarineFeatures::InstantaneousPoint




Development considerations

• Platform

• Language(s)

• Programming to the core objects


Python Recommendations

• WxPython (GUI)

• IronPython (.NET Implementation)

• Numpy (Statistical)

• Matplotlib (Matlab functions)

• Makepy/pywin32 (COM access)

• GeoEco (MGET Package)

• Use the community!


ReferencesAustin, D., J. I. McMillan, and W. D. Bowen. 2003. A three-stage

algorithm for filtering erroneous ARGOS satellite locations. Marine Mammal Science. 19: 371-383.

Block, B. A. 2005. Physiological ecology in the 21st century: Advancements in biologging science. Integrative and Comparative Biology 45: 305-320.

Block, B. A., S. L. J. Teo, A. Walli, A. Boustany, M. J. W. Stokesbury, C. J. Farwell, K. C. Weng, H. Dewar, and T. D. Williams. 2005. Electronic tagging and population structure of Atlantic bluefin tuna. Nature 434: 1121-1127.

Boehlert, G. W., D. P. Costa, D. E. Crocker, P. Green, T. O’Brien, S. Levitus, and B. J. Le Boeuf. 2001. Autonomous pinnipeds environmental samplers: Using instrumented animals as oceanographic data collectors. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 18: 1882-1893.

Lagerquist, B.A., K.M. Stafford, and B.R. Mate. 2000. Dive characteristics of satellite-monitored blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) off the Central California Coast. Marine Mammal Science. 16(2): 375-391.


ReferencesLiaubet, R. and J. Malardé. 2003. ARGOS Location Calculation.

Proceedings of the ARGOS Animal Tracking Sympsium. Annapolis, MD.

Mate, B.R. 1989. Watching habits and habitats from Earth satellites. Oceanus. 32:14-18.

Mate, B.R., B.A. Lagerquist, M. Winsor, J. Geraci, and J.H. Prescott. 2005. Movements and dive habits of a satellite-monitored longfinned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) in the Northwest Atlantic. Marine Mammal Science, 21(1): 136–144.

Mate, B. R., R. Mesecar, B. Lagerquist. 2007. The evolution of satellite-monitored radio tags for large whales: One laboratory’s experience. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 54(3-4): 224-247.

McLeod, K. L., J. Lubchenco, S. R. Palumbi, and A. A. Rosenberg. 2005. Scientific Consensus Statement on Marine Ecosystem-Based Management. Communication Partnership for Science and the Sea. Online. Available: http://compassonline.org/?q=EBM, 04/10/2007.

http://compassonline.org/?q=EBM


ReferencesRodman, L. C. and J. Jackson. 2006. "Creating Standalone

Spatially-Enabled Python Applications Using the ArcGIS Geoprocessor," Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual ESRI User Conference, San Diego, CA, August 2006.

Sherman, L. 2006. Tracking the Great Whales. Terra. 1(2):2-8.Shaffer, S. A., T. Yann, J. A. Awkerman, R. W. Henry, S. L. H.

Teo, D. J. Anderson, D. A. Croll, B. A. Block, and D. P. Costa. 2005. Comparison of light and SST-based geolocation with satellite telemetry in free-ranging albatrosses. Marine Biology 147: 833-843.

Tremblay, Y., S. A. Shaffer, S. L. Fowler, C. E. Kuhn, B. I. McDonald, M. J. Weise, C. Bost, H. Weimerskirch, D. E. Crocker, M. E. Goebel, and D. P. Costa. 2006. Interpolation of animal tracking data in a fluid environment. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 209: 128-140.

Wright, D.J., Blongewicz, M.J., Halpin, P.N., and Breman, J., "Arc Marine: GIS for a Blue Planet," Redlands, CA: ESRI Press, 202 pp., 2007.


Contact Information

Brett Lord-Castillo

Department of Geosciences

Oregon State University

Corvallis, OR 97331-5506

[email protected]

Related web site:

http://oregonstate.edu/~lordcasb/p1569.htm

Financial support provided by the Education and Research Opportunities in Applying GIS and Remote Sensing in Coastal Resource Management program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

(NOAA Grant # NA04NOS4730181)

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