EQ Highrise3
Transcript of EQ Highrise3
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High Rise Buildings in Earthquakes
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Viscous Fluid dampers
Suspension system: a mechanical system ofsprings and shock absorbers that connect the
wheels and axles to the chassis of a wheeled
vehicle
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Viscous fluid dampers
similar to shock absorbers in automobiles
Oil suspension
Gas suspension
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The Function of suspension system:
The job of a car suspension are:
- to carry the static weight of the vehicle
- to maximize the friction between the tires
and the road surface,- to provide steering stability with good
handling (minimize body roll)
- to ensure the comfort of the passengers
(ability to smooth out a bumpy road).
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Viscous fluid dampers
installed as part of a building's bracingsystem using singlediagonals.sways to and fro, the piston is forced in and out of thecylinder.
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Active Control
Control system to keep stresses / strains /displ. / accel. (outputs) at certain locationsbelow specified bounds (peak, rms) when
disturbances(wind, earthquake) belowspecified boundare applied.
Designer decides choice of on comfort (accelerations)
safety (stresses).
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Tuned Mass Damper (TMD)
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Active control
First full scale application of active control to abuilding was done on Kyobashi Seiwa building(Japan) in
Two AMDs were used.
4t - transverse motion
1t - torsional motion.
Can also use Magnetorheological fluid dampers(semi-active), active tendons, etc
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Active Control
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Active control with TMD
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Active control with TMD
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Orifice based Semi-Active
Suspension
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Orifice based Semi-Active
Suspension
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MR fluid based Semi-Active
Suspension
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MR Fluid
- oil and varying percentages of ferrous particles
(20-50 microns in diameter) that have been
coated with an anti-coagulant material.
- Varying the magnetic field strength
variation inviscosit
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Active VS Semi-Active
Semi-Active:
Lower implementation cost
Lower power consumption
Easier to control
Simpler design
Easy to install
Disadvantage: damper constraint, the force range islimited, performance is not as good as activesystem
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Active VS Semi-Active
Active System: Wider range of force
No force-velocity constraint
Can achieve better performance (vehicle dynamics)
Disadvantages: power consumption is high, higher
weight to power ratio, expensive, major modification
should be made before installing active system intothe existing vehicle
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Active VS Semi-Active
Semi-Active: Lower implementation cost
Lower power consumption
Easier to control
Simpler design
Easy to install
Disadvantage: damper constraint, the force range is
limited, performance is not as good as active
system
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Non Structural IssuesGood connections of non-structural
building contents with building
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SPACE FRAME
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Joist used for floor support
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Joist Girder
Joist Seat
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Joist Bridging
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Steel Trusses
Heavier Members
Can Carry Larger Loads &
Span Greater Distances
Typically Specially Fabricated
Truss to Span a
Hotel Atrium
Heav Trusses for the Seattle Stadium
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Cold Formed Steel
Formed by rolling or bending sheet steel
Light Steel Framing; C-Shaped - Most Common;
Frequently used for partition & exterior wall
framing
Metal Decking
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Open Web Steel Joists
Mass produced steel trusses
Common Uses
Floor Support Roof Support
Joist spacing depends
Load Span capability of deck
Typically 2 to 10 feet
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DEFINITION:
A three-dimensional structures.
The assembled linear elements are arranged
to transfer the load.
Take a form of a flat surface or curve surface.
Designed with no intermediate columns to
create large open area.
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EXAMPLES OF BUILDING
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SAN SIRO STADIUM, MILAN
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STANSTED AIRPORT, LONDON
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Joist used for floor support
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Open Web Steel Joists
Mass produced steel trusses
Common Uses
Floor Support Roof Support
Joist Spacing Depends on;
Load Span capability of deck
Typically 2 to 10 feet
Spans; K-series (up to 60), LH(Longspan) to 96, DLH(Deep Longspan) to 144
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Joist Girder
Joist Seat
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Joist Bridging
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Steel Trusses
Heavier Members
Can Carry Larger Loads &
Span Greater Distances
Typically Specially Fabricated
Truss to Span a
Hotel Atrium
Heav Trusses for the Seattle Stadium
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Cold Formed Steel
Formed by rolling or bending sheet steel
Light Steel Framing; C-Shaped - Most Common;
Frequently used for partition & exterior wall
framing
Metal Decking
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Load Distribution
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TYPES OF SPACE FRAME
Two and three-way grids
Characterized as two way or three way
Single, Double and Triple Layered
Single layer frame has to be singly or doubly
curved.
double layered and flat.
Triple layered span building.
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COMPONENTS
Consists of axial members
linear members
connectors
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Basic elements
Planar latticed
Pyramid with square base Part of octahedron
Pyramid with triangular base Part of tetrahedron
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CONNECTORSTuball Node/Mero Connector
A hollow sphere
Circular hollow section
member fitted at its ends by
welding.
Connection from inside the
cup is using bolt and nut.
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Mero Connector
Dia ranging from
46.5mm to
350mm
Up to 18
members
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Cruciform gusset plate
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Bearing joint
Nodus Connector
Rectangular / circular
hollow sections
Chord connectors welded
to hollow members
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3) T i d ti C t
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3) Triodetic Connector
It consists of a hub, usually an aluminium
extrusion, that has slots or key ways, which the
ends of members are pressed or coined to
match the slots.
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4) Hemispherical Dome Connector
Usually use for double layer domes.
Structural span more than 40m.
More economical for long span.
The jointing is connect by sliting the end of the
tube or rod with the joint fin. There are 2 types of joint, pentagonal joint and
hexagonal joint.
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Fishplate Connectors
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Support
Perimeter support
Multi column
Perimeter and column
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ADVANTAGES Light
Elegant & Economical
Carry load by three dimensional action
High Inherent Stiffness
Easy to construct Save Construction Time & Cost
Services (such as lighting and air conditioning)
can be integrated with space frames
Offer the architect unrestricted freedom in
locating supports and planning the subdivision
of the covered space.
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Construction Metods
Assembly in air
Erecting in strips or blocks
Assembly by sliding elements in air
Hoisting by derrick crane or tower cranes
Lifting up whole frame
Jacking up
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Failure
Member buckling
Local or dimple bucking
General buckling