Engine OilEngine OilJim Halderman Jim Halderman

Introductions: Jim HaldermanIntroductions: Jim Halderman

Author of many automotive books and lives in Dayton, Ohio.http://jameshalderman.com

jim@jameshalderman.com

Topics to be DiscussedTopics to be Discussed

• Types of oilsTypes of oils• API gradesAPI grades• SAE gradesSAE grades• ACEA specificationsACEA specifications• OE specifications OE specifications

(GM, Ford, BMW (GM, Ford, BMW etc.)etc.)

Ever hear this?Ever hear this?

• ““Do we have to know all of this?”Do we have to know all of this?”

• Therefore I started labeling content:Therefore I started labeling content:– A. A. Need to knowNeed to know– B. B. Nice to knowNice to know– C. C. Miscellaneous useless information or in Miscellaneous useless information or in

other words………..Who cares??? other words………..Who cares???

Determine Four ThingsDetermine Four Things

1. The recommended 1. The recommended oil change intervaloil change interval

2. The recommended 2. The recommended viscosity (SAE viscosity (SAE rating)rating)

3. The recommended 3. The recommended API ratingAPI rating

4. The vehicle specific 4. The vehicle specific specification of the specification of the oiloil

Need to know-right?Need to know-right?

Looks like a good oil … Is it?Looks like a good oil … Is it?

Does Does NotNot Meet GM and Others Meet GM and Others

High-Mileage OilHigh-Mileage Oil

• Usually higher viscosity Usually higher viscosity and therefore can not and therefore can not meet ILSAC GF-4 ratingmeet ILSAC GF-4 rating

• Has esters to swell Has esters to swell sealsseals

• To be used in engines To be used in engines with higher than 75,000 with higher than 75,000 milesmiles

• Does not have the Does not have the energy rating of energy rating of conventional oilsconventional oils

• Need to know?Need to know?

Look for GM, Ford, Chrysler,Look for GM, Ford, Chrysler, Honda and other manf. spec’s on label Honda and other manf. spec’s on label

Meets Ford and ChryslerMeets Ford and Chryslerbut not GM. If the manf. spec is NOT listed, it but not GM. If the manf. spec is NOT listed, it

does not meet their requirements. DON’T USE.does not meet their requirements. DON’T USE.

Do you think that all “quickie” oil change places use exactly the correct oil for each vehicle?? What about a warranty claim??

API RatingsAPI Ratings

Gasoline Engine RatingsGasoline Engine Ratings• SA-SJ=older and now SA-SJ=older and now

obsolete ratingsobsolete ratings• SL-2001-2003SL-2001-2003• SM-2004+SM-2004+• SN -October, 2010SN -October, 2010Diesel Engine RatingsDiesel Engine Ratings• CA-CC=obsoleteCA-CC=obsolete• Current ratings = CF-4 Current ratings = CF-4

(four cycle); CG-4 and (four cycle); CG-4 and CJ-4 (low ash) (2007+ CJ-4 (low ash) (2007+ Engines using ULSD)Engines using ULSD)

• Need to know stuffNeed to know stuff

API GROUPSAPI GROUPS

• GroupGroup II- - Solvent refined. Solvent refined. (Older technology)(Older technology)

• Group II- Group II- Hydrocracked Hydrocracked (most oils)(most oils)

• Group III- Group III- Further Further hydrowaxed (Castrol hydrowaxed (Castrol Syntec)Syntec)

• Group IV-Group IV-Polyalphaolefin Polyalphaolefin (PAO), Mobil 1(PAO), Mobil 1

• Group V-Group V-Esters (Royal Esters (Royal Purple and Redline)Purple and Redline)

ILSAC RatingsILSAC RatingsILSAC=International Lubricant Standardization and Approval CommitteeILSAC=International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee

• GF-1GF-1-First used in 1993-First used in 1993• GF-2GF-2-updated in 1997-updated in 1997• GF-3GF-3-Updated in 2000-Updated in 2000• GF-4GF-4-Updated in 2004-Updated in 2004• GF-5GF-5-Out now for use in 2011+ -Out now for use in 2011+

enginesengines• ““Star Burst”Star Burst” is always on the is always on the

front of the container.front of the container.• GFGF means means ggasoline asoline ffueled ueled

enginesengines• Star Burst indicates that the oil is Star Burst indicates that the oil is

of a good quality and meets the of a good quality and meets the GFGF rating. Usually, only 0W, 5W rating. Usually, only 0W, 5W and 10W oils will have this and 10W oils will have this symbol.symbol.

Nice to know stuff……….but…..

What’s Falling?What’s Falling?

• The viscosity is The viscosity is fallingfalling

• The sky is The sky is NOTNOT fallingfalling

ViscosityViscosity

© epc graphics

• Viscosity is a lubricant’s Viscosity is a lubricant’s resistanceresistanceto flow.to flow.

• The viscosity of an industrial The viscosity of an industrial lubricant is normally given in:lubricant is normally given in:– cStcSt (centistokes) (centistokes) or or mm²/secondmm²/second

– measure of measure of kinematic viscositykinematic viscosityViscosity is the main feature Viscosity is the main feature

which influences the efficiency of which influences the efficiency of lubricationlubrication

Calibrated orifice

40°C or

100 °C Measured by timing oil flow Measured by timing oil flow through a calibrated through a calibrated

orifice @ 40°C (104 F) orifice @ 40°C (104 F) and/or 100°C (212 F) and/or 100°C (212 F)

Viscosity Measurement Viscosity Measurement

Effect of Temperature on ViscosityEffect of Temperature on Viscosity• ViscosityViscosity is a is a

measure of a measure of a fluid’s fluid’s resistance to resistance to flow (“how thick flow (“how thick it is”)it is”)

• Viscosity of a Viscosity of a fluid is a fluid is a function of function of temperaturetemperature

0 50 1000

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

TEMPERATURE (C)

KIN

EM

AT

IC V

ISC

OS

ITY

cS

t

uh….a liquid gets thinner as it gets uh….a liquid gets thinner as it gets hotter!!!)hotter!!!)

VI Improvers - Are polymers (very large VI Improvers - Are polymers (very large molecules) which inhibit the oil from molecules) which inhibit the oil from thinning out at high temperaturesthinning out at high temperatures

In the ColdIn the Cold

With HeatWith Heat

Uncoiling Counteracts the Normal Thinning Uncoiling Counteracts the Normal Thinning of Oilof Oil

Viscosity Index ImproversViscosity Index Improvers

VI ImproverVI Improver

Viscosity

SAE 40

SAE 10W

SAE 10W40

Temperature (°C)-18 100

Multigrade OilsMultigrade Oils

THIN

THICK

SAE GradesSAE Grades

• SAESAE = Society of = Society of Automotive EngineersAutomotive Engineers

• 5W = The 5W = The “W”“W” means means winterwinter and the oil is and the oil is tested at -30 C (-22F)tested at -30 C (-22F)

• SAE 5W-30 = The “30” SAE 5W-30 = The “30” is the viscosity is the viscosity measured at 100 C (212 measured at 100 C (212 F)F)

Need to know stuffNeed to know stuff

COLD (WINTER) HOT

-22OF 212OF

THE “W” DOES NOT STAND FOR “WEIGHT”

Do customers know?Do customers know?Do service technicians know?Do service technicians know?

• SAE=?SAE=? (Society of Automotive (Society of Automotive Engineers)Engineers)

• API=?API=? (American Petroleum (American Petroleum Institute)Institute)

• ILSAC=?ILSAC=? (International (International Lubricant Standardization and Lubricant Standardization and Approval CommitteeApproval Committee))

• ACEA=?ACEA=? (Association des (Association des Contructeurs European Contructeurs European d’Automobiles)d’Automobiles)

• Need to know or nice to know?Need to know or nice to know?

Scary StoryScary Story• New car; FREE first oil changeNew car; FREE first oil change• Dealer used SAE 10W-30 and not the Dealer used SAE 10W-30 and not the

specified SAE 0W-20 (Owner’s manual)specified SAE 0W-20 (Owner’s manual)• When talking to service manager he said When talking to service manager he said

that it was OK to use and that “DSM can that it was OK to use and that “DSM can change any specifications at any time”change any specifications at any time”

• Service manager said that he was not Service manager said that he was not reimbursed for the more expensive oilreimbursed for the more expensive oil

ACEA Gasoline RatingsACEA Gasoline RatingsAssociation des Contructeurs European d’AutomobilesAssociation des Contructeurs European d’Automobiles

• A1A1-Low friction; low -Low friction; low viscosityviscosity

• A2A2-General use with -General use with regular oil changesregular oil changes

• A3A3-High performance -High performance and/or extended oil and/or extended oil change intervalschange intervals

• A4A4-For gasoline direct--For gasoline direct-injected enginesinjected engines

• A5A5-Low friction; low -Low friction; low viscosity; extended oil viscosity; extended oil change intervalschange intervals

• Nice to know stuffNice to know stuff

ACEA Diesel RatingsACEA Diesel Ratings

• B1B1-Low viscosity passenger -Low viscosity passenger vehicle indirect-injected vehicle indirect-injected diesel enginesdiesel engines

• B2B2- Passenger vehicle - Passenger vehicle indirect-injected diesel indirect-injected diesel engine. Low viscosity.engine. Low viscosity.

• B3B3-High performance -High performance indirect-injected diesel indirect-injected diesel engines; extended oil engines; extended oil change intervalchange interval

• B4B4-Direct-injected diesel -Direct-injected diesel enginesengines

• B5B5-Low viscosity and -Low viscosity and extended oil change intervalextended oil change interval

• Nice to know stuffNice to know stuff

ACEA Combined RatingsACEA Combined Ratings• A1/B1A1/B1-Low HTHS, semi--Low HTHS, semi-

syntheticsynthetic• A3/B3A3/B3-High HTHS; Mineral or -High HTHS; Mineral or

semi-syntheticsemi-synthetic• A4/B4A4/B4-High HTHS; synthetic-High HTHS; synthetic• A5/B5A5/B5-Low HTHS, High fuel -Low HTHS, High fuel

economy additives; economy additives; extended oil change extended oil change intervals; syntheticintervals; syntheticHTHSHTHS =High temperature/ =High temperature/ high shear rate viscosity high shear rate viscosity (ASTM D-4683)(ASTM D-4683)

Miscellaneous useless informationMiscellaneous useless information

ACEA “C” ratingsACEA “C” ratings

• C1C1- Basically an A5/B5 oil with low - Basically an A5/B5 oil with low SAPS, Low HTHS.SAPS, Low HTHS.

• C2C2- A5/B5 with low HTHS and mid level - A5/B5 with low HTHS and mid level SAPSSAPS

• C3C3- A3/B4 (meets 229.3) with high - A3/B4 (meets 229.3) with high HTHS and mid level SAPSHTHS and mid level SAPS

• C4C4-Low SAPS; High HTHS-Low SAPS; High HTHSSAPSSAPS means Sulfated Ash, Phosphorous and Sulfurmeans Sulfated Ash, Phosphorous and Sulfur

CC rating are catalytic converter compatible oils rating are catalytic converter compatible oils

Asian Vehicle SpecificationsAsian Vehicle Specifications

Most Asian brand vehicle manufactures do notMost Asian brand vehicle manufactures do not

specify any specifications other than SAE, API andspecify any specifications other than SAE, API and

ILSAC. These vehicles include:ILSAC. These vehicles include:

• Acura/HondaAcura/Honda

• Toyota/Lexus/ScionToyota/Lexus/Scion

• KiaKia

• HyundaiHyundai

• Nissan/InfinityNissan/Infinity

• MitsubishiMitsubishi

• MazdaMazda

• SuzukiSuzuki

Typical ViscositiesTypical Viscosities

• Most newer vehicle manufacturers Most newer vehicle manufacturers specify:specify:

• SAE 5W-20 or SAE 5W-30SAE 5W-20 or SAE 5W-30

• Most hybrid electric vehicles specifyMost hybrid electric vehicles specify

• SAE 0W-20 or SAE 5W-20SAE 0W-20 or SAE 5W-20

Vehicle OE SpecificationsVehicle OE Specifications

• BMWBMW-Long Life (LL-98; LL-01; LL-04)-Long Life (LL-98; LL-01; LL-04)

• Changing the oil requires the dealer Changing the oil requires the dealer Service Computer to run all the Service Computer to run all the auxiliary oil pumps. auxiliary oil pumps.

• NoteNote: The filter is located behind the : The filter is located behind the splash shield in the left front wheel splash shield in the left front wheel housing; the capacity is 8 liters of BMW housing; the capacity is 8 liters of BMW synthetic 10W-60 oil. synthetic 10W-60 oil.

(AVERAGE COST OF AN OIL CHANGE = $160.00)(AVERAGE COST OF AN OIL CHANGE = $160.00)

General MotorsGeneral Motors• General Motors-General Motors-

GM 6094M (many GM 6094M (many GM vehicles);GM vehicles);need to know need to know

stuffstuff

GM 4718 (synthetic- GM 4718 (synthetic- Corvette); Corvette);

Dexos 1Dexos 1 (Gasoline (Gasoline engines-2011+)engines-2011+)

Dexos 2Dexos 2 (Diesel (Diesel engines-2011+)engines-2011+)

OE Specifications-OE Specifications-continuedcontinued

FordFord--

WSS-M2C153-HWSS-M2C153-H;(SAE ;(SAE 5W-20 GF-3)5W-20 GF-3)

WSS-M2C929-AWSS-M2C929-A (SAE (SAE 5W-30; 4.0 Liter; 2.0 5W-30; 4.0 Liter; 2.0 Liter)Liter)

WSS-M2C930-AWSS-M2C930-A (SAE (SAE 5W-20; GF-45W-20; GF-4

Need to knowNeed to know

OE Specifications-OE Specifications-continuedcontinued

• ChryslerChrysler-MS-6395 -MS-6395 (2005+ vehicles);(2005+ vehicles);

MS-10725 (older MS-10725 (older than 2005)than 2005)

Need to know stuffNeed to know stuff

• HondaHonda-HTO-06 -HTO-06 (Mobil 1 for Acura (Mobil 1 for Acura RDX turbo only)RDX turbo only)

OE Specifications-OE Specifications-continuedcontinued

MercedesMercedes--

229.1229.1 -Super high -Super high performance diesel-performance diesel-(SHPD)(SHPD)

229.3229.3-SHPD extended drain -SHPD extended drain

229.3229.3-gas and diesel; -gas and diesel; extended drainextended drain

229.31229.31- gas and diesel low - gas and diesel low ash (LA)ash (LA)

229.5229.5-long life (LL)-long life (LL)

229.51229.51-low ash and LL-low ash and LL

OE Specifications-OE Specifications-continuedcontinued

VW and Audi-VW and Audi-

Gasoline Gasoline engines:engines:502.00; 502.00; 505.00;505.01; 503; 505.00;505.01; 503; 503.01; 505;503.01; 505;

Diesel enginesDiesel engines: : 506 ;506.1;507 506 ;506.1;507

What is different withWhat is different with European ratings? European ratings?

• Usually very Usually very high viscosity index (VI)high viscosity index (VI) meaning that the SAE grade is broad; meaning that the SAE grade is broad; often requiring SAE 10W-50 or 5W-40often requiring SAE 10W-50 or 5W-40

• Extended oil change intervals requiring Extended oil change intervals requiring a a robust additive packagerobust additive package

• Low Low SAPSSAPS (Sulfated Ash, Phosphorous (Sulfated Ash, Phosphorous and Sulfur)and Sulfur)

• Higher Higher HTHSHTHS (High temperature/ high (High temperature/ high shear rate viscosity)shear rate viscosity)

Case StudyCase Study

• 2003 VW Passat with a 2003 VW Passat with a 1.8 liter turbocharged 1.8 liter turbocharged four cylinder that had four cylinder that had been using API been using API approved oil instead of approved oil instead of VW 502 oil developed VW 502 oil developed serious oil gelling serious oil gelling problemsproblems

• Some similar vehicle Some similar vehicle engines have seizedengines have seized

Motorcycle OilMotorcycle Oil

• Be sure to use oil designed for use in Be sure to use oil designed for use in motorcycles which usually has the motorcycles which usually has the following characteristicsfollowing characteristics1. Higher level of ZDDP1. Higher level of ZDDP2. Broader viscosity range (usually2. Broader viscosity range (usually SAE 10W-40 or SAE 20W-50)SAE 10W-40 or SAE 20W-50)3. Often designed to work with a wet 3. Often designed to work with a wet clutchclutch

Need to know?Need to know?

Fluid Fluid MoleculesMolecules

Why is Friction Reduced?Why is Friction Reduced?

There is less “friction” between fluid There is less “friction” between fluid molecules moving over each other than molecules moving over each other than

between the two surfaces moving across between the two surfaces moving across each other.each other.

The formation of an oil wedge in a plain bearing

Metal-to-metal contact Oil wedge supports load

Connecting Rod ExampleConnecting Rod Example

SYNTHETIC OILSSYNTHETIC OILS MINERAL OILSMINERAL OILS

Large Molecules thicken at low temp

Small molecules

vaporize at high temp

All molecules same size

H-C-C-C-C-C-HH H H H S

H HO N HImpurities oxidize

C10H20

C10H20

C10H20

C10H20

Additives Improve the Base OilAdditives Improve the Base Oil

• Viscosity Index (VI) improverViscosity Index (VI) improver– modifies the viscosity of the base fluid modifies the viscosity of the base fluid

so that it changes less as the so that it changes less as the temperature rises allows the lubricant temperature rises allows the lubricant to operate over a wider temperature to operate over a wider temperature rangerange

• Pour point depressantPour point depressant– keeps the lubricant flowing at low keeps the lubricant flowing at low

temperaturestemperatures

• AntifoamAntifoam– foam reduces the effectiveness of a foam reduces the effectiveness of a

lubricantlubricant– antifoams reduce/stop foaming when antifoams reduce/stop foaming when

the lubricant is agitated or aeratedthe lubricant is agitated or aerated

Additives Protect the Base OilAdditives Protect the Base Oil

• AntioxidantsAntioxidants– slow down the breakdown of the slow down the breakdown of the

base fluid caused by oxygen (air) base fluid caused by oxygen (air) and heatand heat

– oxidation is the main cause of oxidation is the main cause of lubricant degradation in servicelubricant degradation in service

• Oxidation of the base fluid Oxidation of the base fluid causes:causes:– acid formation (acid formation (corrosion)corrosion)– sludges, varnishes (sludges, varnishes (blockages)blockages)

• Life of a lubricant in laboratory Life of a lubricant in laboratory oxidation tests is often used to oxidation tests is often used to give an indication of service lifegive an indication of service life

Oxidation

Additives Protect the EngineAdditives Protect the Engine• Rust inhibitorRust inhibitor

– inhibits the action of water on inhibits the action of water on ferrous metals (e.g. mild steel)ferrous metals (e.g. mild steel)

• Corrosion inhibitorCorrosion inhibitor– protects non-ferrous metals protects non-ferrous metals

(e.g. copper)(e.g. copper)

• Anti-wear additiveAnti-wear additive– forms a protective layer on metal forms a protective layer on metal

surfaces to reduce friction and surfaces to reduce friction and prevent wear when no lubricant prevent wear when no lubricant film is present such as film is present such as ZDDPZDDP..

• Extreme pressure additiveExtreme pressure additive– as for anti-wear additive but as for anti-wear additive but

functioning only when heavy loads functioning only when heavy loads and temperatures are encounteredand temperatures are encountered

Roller bearing

wearGear tooth

wear

ZDDPZDDP• The phosphorous content of The phosphorous content of ZDDP=ZDDP=

Zinc Dialkyl DithiophosphatesZinc Dialkyl Dithiophosphates (commonly called zinc and/or (commonly called zinc and/or phosphorous or ZDP)phosphorous or ZDP)

• Engine oil had about 1200 ppm zinc prior to 2001 Engine oil had about 1200 ppm zinc prior to 2001

• In 2001 the zinc was reduced to 1000 ppm and in 2005 reduced In 2001 the zinc was reduced to 1000 ppm and in 2005 reduced again to the current 800 ppmagain to the current 800 ppm

• These are typical zinc levels; API ratings do not specify the These are typical zinc levels; API ratings do not specify the zinc content, just oil performancezinc content, just oil performance

What About Older Engines?What About Older Engines?

• If flat-bottom If flat-bottom (non-roller) (non-roller) lifters are used lifters are used then a ZDDP then a ZDDP additive may be additive may be needed:needed:

– During break-inDuring break-in– During serviceDuring service– Need to know?Need to know?

How much zinc is needed?How much zinc is needed?

• Shell Rotella T 15W-40 ( API CJ-4) has about 1200 Shell Rotella T 15W-40 ( API CJ-4) has about 1200 ppm zinc. This is 50% more zinc than current engine ppm zinc. This is 50% more zinc than current engine oils (API SM, GF-4) which typically contain about 800 oils (API SM, GF-4) which typically contain about 800 ppm zincppm zinc

G-OilG-Oil

• Made from cow partsMade from cow parts• ““Ultimate Ultimate

Biodegradable is the Biodegradable is the highest highest biodegradability biodegradability ranking determined by ranking determined by ASTM Standards (2.1 ASTM Standards (2.1 ASTM D-5864)”ASTM D-5864)”

• API rated=?API rated=?• ILSAC rated= no ILSAC rated= no • www.getg.com• Miscellaneous useless informationMiscellaneous useless information

Other Additives?Other Additives?

• Don’t USE THEM!!!Don’t USE THEM!!!• Most if not all oil Most if not all oil

experts warn about experts warn about adding anything to the adding anything to the oil.oil.

• Vehicle manufactures Vehicle manufactures warn not to add any warn not to add any additives to the oil.additives to the oil.

• Most are friction Most are friction reducers such as posi reducers such as posi additiveadditive

The “3,000 Mile Myth”The “3,000 Mile Myth”

• California’s 3,000 mile myth program California’s 3,000 mile myth program was started because research showed was started because research showed that 73% of California drivers change that 73% of California drivers change their oil more frequently than their oil more frequently than recommended by the vehicle recommended by the vehicle manufacturermanufacturer

• General Motors has joined the General Motors has joined the campaign.campaign.

Oil Life MonitorOil Life Monitor

• algorithmalgorithm – –Computer programs contain contain algorithms that specify the specific algorithms that specify the specific instructions a computer should instructions a computer should perform (in a specific order) to carry perform (in a specific order) to carry out a specified task out a specified task

• MileageMileage (3,750-7,500 miles) (usually (3,750-7,500 miles) (usually every 5,000 miles)every 5,000 miles)

• Capacitance sensor Capacitance sensor (measures the oil)(measures the oil)

GM Oil Life MonitorGM Oil Life MonitorGMOLS (GM Oil Life System)

SCAN TOOL DATA STREAM SHOWING OIL INFORMATION

Case StudyCase Study

• 2007 Dodge Durango 5.7 liter 2007 Dodge Durango 5.7 liter Hemi with MDS (multiple Hemi with MDS (multiple displacement system)displacement system)

• Oil change using SAE 10W-Oil change using SAE 10W-3030

• Check engine light came on Check engine light came on and stored and stored P0521P0521 DTC DTC storedstored

• DTC Description=Oil DTC Description=Oil pressure not reaching pressure not reaching specified at 1250 RPMspecified at 1250 RPM

• Changed to specified SAE Changed to specified SAE 5W-20; cleared DTC ; now no 5W-20; cleared DTC ; now no DTC during operation.DTC during operation.

• Need to knowNeed to know

Testing OilTesting Oil

• oil sample to lab oil sample to lab for analysisfor analysis

• For example:For example:

• Blackstone Blackstone Laboratories-Laboratories-$22.50 $22.50 www.blackstone-labs.com

Nice to knowNice to know

Oil Test ResultsOil Test Results

• Spectral Exam: Establishes the levels of wear metals, : Establishes the levels of wear metals, silicon, and additives present in the oil. Also checks for silicon, and additives present in the oil. Also checks for coolant.coolant.

Note: Silicon = dirt; not sealerNote: Silicon = dirt; not sealer

• ViscosityViscosity: Determines the grade of oil.: Determines the grade of oil.

• InsolublesInsolubles: Quantifies the percentage of solids present : Quantifies the percentage of solids present in the oil.in the oil.

• Flash PointFlash Point: Determines the flash point of the oil to : Determines the flash point of the oil to determine whether any contamination is present in the determine whether any contamination is present in the oil (such as fuel)oil (such as fuel)

  

Understanding the Lab ReportUnderstanding the Lab Report• AluminumAluminum: Pistons, bearings, cases (heads & blocks) : Pistons, bearings, cases (heads & blocks) • ChromiumChromium: Rings, a trace element in steel : Rings, a trace element in steel • IronIron: Cylinders, rotating shafts, the valve train, and any steel part: Cylinders, rotating shafts, the valve train, and any steel part• CopperCopper: Brass or bronze parts, copper bushings, bearings, oil coolers : Brass or bronze parts, copper bushings, bearings, oil coolers • LeadLead: Bearings : Bearings • TinTin: Bearings, bronze parts, piston coatings: Bearings, bronze parts, piston coatings• MolybdenumMolybdenum: Anti-wear additive, some types of rings : Anti-wear additive, some types of rings • PotassiumPotassium: Antifreeze inhibitor, additive in some oil types: Antifreeze inhibitor, additive in some oil types• BoronBoron:  Detergent/dispersant additive, antifreeze inhibitors:  Detergent/dispersant additive, antifreeze inhibitors• SiliconSilicon: Airborne dirt, antifreeze inhibitors: Airborne dirt, antifreeze inhibitors• SodiumSodium: Antifreeze inhibitors, additive in some gasoline engine oils. : Antifreeze inhibitors, additive in some gasoline engine oils. • CalciumCalcium: Detergent/dispersant additive: Detergent/dispersant additive• MagnesiumMagnesium: Detergent/dispersant additive : Detergent/dispersant additive

• Nice to knowNice to know

Oil Related FaultsOil Related Faults

• Gelling and Gelling and sludge:sludge:– Usually caused by Usually caused by

extended oil change extended oil change intervalsintervals

– Can be caused by Can be caused by coolant in the oilcoolant in the oil

– Engine design or Engine design or cooling system fault cooling system fault that causes a lot of that causes a lot of heat to be in the heat to be in the cylinder which bakes cylinder which bakes the oilthe oil

– Need to know?Need to know?

Improper operation of the PCV system can also cause engine sludging.

Oil Related FaultsOil Related Faults• 2007 Toyota lawsuit2007 Toyota lawsuit• Several others Several others

facing similar facing similar actionsactions– AudiAudi– BMWBMW– ChryslerChrysler– SaabSaab– VWVW

• No recallsNo recalls• No admission of No admission of

faultfault

Toyota Class-Action Lawsuit Affected Models

ModelYears

Affected

Avalon 6 cyl 1997 - 2002

Camry 4 cyl 1997 - 2001

Camry 6 cyl 1998 - 2002

Celica 4 cyl 1997 - 1999

Highlander 6 cyl 2001 - 2002

Lexus ES300 1997 - 2002

Lexus RX300 1999 - 2002

Sienna 6 cyl 1998 - 2002

Solara 4 cyl 1999 - 2001

Solara 6 cyl 1999 - 2002

Watch Out for…Watch Out for…

• Recommended for use where.....Recommended for use where.....• May be used where the following May be used where the following

specifications apply.....specifications apply.....• Recommended/Approved by…….??Recommended/Approved by…….??• Racing/Track formula - What does this Racing/Track formula - What does this

mean?mean?• ““Synthetic blend" - How much Synthetic blend" - How much

synthetic?synthetic?• Need to know?Need to know?

Sample- not API approvedSample- not API approved

Please do the following:Please do the following:

• Check Check the oil level the oil level BEFOREBEFORE changing the oil and document changing the oil and document the work order (IMPORTANT) the work order (IMPORTANT) WHY?WHY?

• Check Check and use the oil specified and use the oil specified by the vehicle manufacturerby the vehicle manufacturer

• RecommendRecommend that the oil be that the oil be changed according to the changed according to the specified distance/time intervalspecified distance/time interval

• ResetReset the oil monitor light. the oil monitor light.

Always wear PPEAlways wear PPE

Frequently Asked QuestionsFrequently Asked Questions

• Question:Question: Can you go back to using Can you go back to using conventional oil after using synthetic?conventional oil after using synthetic?

• AnswerAnswer: Yes. By law, all oil is : Yes. By law, all oil is misciblemiscible meaning that it can be mixed.meaning that it can be mixed.

Frequently Asked QuestionsFrequently Asked Questions

• Question:Question: Do I have to break in a new Do I have to break in a new engine on mineral oil before switching engine on mineral oil before switching to synthetic oil?to synthetic oil?

• AnswerAnswer: Synthetic oil (Mobil 1) is used : Synthetic oil (Mobil 1) is used by many vehicle manufacturers in new by many vehicle manufacturers in new vehicles. Most experts advise keeping vehicles. Most experts advise keeping mineral oil for the first 5,000 miles.mineral oil for the first 5,000 miles.

SummarySummary

• Go toGo to

HTTP://jameshalderman.com

for the chart that shows how for the chart that shows how to reset the light for all to reset the light for all vehicles. vehicles. FREEFREE

Click on “Charts and Click on “Charts and Specifications” then look Specifications” then look under Engine Repair (A1)under Engine Repair (A1)

Genie light??Genie light??>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Information Information

Go to Mobil 1 web site and search for Go to Mobil 1 web site and search for “chart”“chart”

• www.gf-5.com

• Information on the new ILSAC GF-5 Information on the new ILSAC GF-5 rating due out in 2010 plus other good rating due out in 2010 plus other good oil informationoil information

Contact InformationContact InformationJim Halderman:Jim Halderman:

jim@jameshalderman.com