Embryology of the Cardiovascular System

8/13/2019 Embryology of the Cardiovascular System

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EMBRYOLOGY OF THEC RDIOV SCUL R

SYSTEM

Achmad aminuddin


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EST BLISHMENT OF THEC RDIOGENIC FIELD

THE VASCULAR SYSTEM APPEAR IN THE MIDDLE OF THETHIRD WEEK.

CARDIAC PROGENITOR CELLS LIE IN THE EPIBLASTLATERAL TO PRIMITI VE STREAK.

CELLS MIGRATE TOWARD ROSTRAL TO THEBUCCOPHARYNGEAL MEMBR BRANE AND NEURAL FOLDS,IN THE SPLANCHNIC LAYER OF THE LATERAL PLATEMESODER.

THEY ARE INDUCE BY THE UNDERLYING PHARYNGEALENDODERM TO FORM CARDIAC MYOBLAST.

BLOOD ISLANDS APPEAR IN THIS MESODERM. THE ISLANDS UNITE TO FORM A HORSESHOE-SHAPED

ENDOTHELIAL-LINED TUBE SURROUNDED BY MYOBLAST ISKNOWN AS CARDIOGENIC FIELD

THE INTRAEMBRYONIC CAVITY DEVELOP INTOPERICARDIAL CAVITY.

BLOOD ISLANDS APPEAR TO FORM THE DORSAL AORTAE.


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FORM TION ND POSITIONOF THE HE RT TUBE


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FORM TION ND POSITIONOF THE HE RT TUBE

THE RESULT OF GROWTH OF THE BRAIN AND CEPHALICFOLDING, THE BUCCOPHARYNGEAL MEMBRANE IS PULLEDFORWARD, THE HEART AND PERICARDIAL CAVITY MOVETO CERVIX THEN TO THE THORAX.

THE RESULT OF THE EMBRYO FOLDS IS THE CAUDALREGION OF THE PAIRED CARDIAC PRIMORDIA MERGEEXCEPT AT THEIR CAUDAL MOST ENDS.

THE CRESCENT PART OF THE HORSESHO- SHAPED AREAEXPANDS TO FORM THE FUTURE OUTFLOW TRACT ANDVENTRICLE

THE HEART BECOMES A CONTINUOUS EXPADED TUBE,AND RECEIVES VENOUS DRAINAGE AT IT CAUDAL POLEAND BEGINS TO PUMP BLOOD OUT OF THE FIRST AORTICARCH INTO THE DORSAL AORTA.

THE DEVELOPING HEART TUBE BULGES IN TO THEPERICARDIALCAVITY, AND ATTACHED TO THE DORSALSIDE - DORSAL MESOCARDIUM .

PROEPICARDIUM FORM MOST OF THE EPICARDIUM.


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FORM TION OF THEC RDI C LOOP

ON DAY 23 HEART TUBE , CEPHALIC PORTION BENDVENTRAL LY, CAUDALLY AND TO THE RIGHT , CAUDALPORTION ( ATRIUM ) SHIFTS DORSOCRANIALLY AND TOTHE LEFT IT IS COMPLETE BY DAY 28.

ATRIAL PORTION FORM A COMMON ATRIUM. ATRIOVENTRICULAR JUNCTION FORM THE

ATRIOVENTRICULAR CANAL.

BULBUS CORDIS WILL FORM THE TRABECULATED PART OFTHE RIGHT VENTRICLE.

CONUS CORDIS WILL FORM THE OUTFLOW TRAC OF BOTH

VENTRICLES. TRUNCUS ARTERIOSUS WILL FORM THE ROOT AND PROX.

PART OF THE AORTA AND PULMONARY ARTERY.

THE JUNCTION BETWEEN BULBUS CORDIS BULBUS CORDIIS THE PRIMARY INTERVENTRICULAR FORAMEN


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THE DEVELOPMENT OFTHE SINUS VENOSUS

THE LEFT COMMON CARDINAL V IS OBLITERATED AT 10WEEK ALL THAT REMAINS OF THE LEFT SINUS HORN ISOBLIQUE VEIN OF THE LEFT ATRIUM AND THE CORONARYSINUS.

LEFT TO THE RIGHT SHUNT RIGHT SINUS HORN ANDVEINS ENLARGE - THE RIGHT HORN FORM THE SMOOTH-WALLED PART OF THE RIGHT ATRIUM.

SINUATRIAL ORIFICE.

SEPTUM SPURIUM.

LEFT VENOUS VALVE AND SEPTUM SPURIUM FUSE WITH

THE DEVELOPING ATRIAL SEPTUM. THE INFERIOR PORTION OF THE RIGHT VENOUS VALVE

FORM THE VALVE OF THE I.V. C. AND THE VALVE OF THECORONARY SINUS.

CRISTA TERMONALIS


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FORM TION OF THEC RDI C SEPT

FORMED BETWEEN THE 27THAND 37THDAYS OFDEVELOPMENT.

ENDOCARDIAL CUSHION DEVELOP INTO

- ATRIAL AND VENTRICULAR SEPTA.

- AV CANAL AND VALVE.

- AORTIC AND PULMONARY CHANAL.

FORMED BY MERGING OF TWO EXPANDING

PORTION OF THE WALL OF THE HEART BUTNEVER COMPLE TELY, ITS USUALLY CLOSED BYNEIGHBOURING PROLIFERATION TISSUE.


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CLINIC L CORREL TION

ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT.

VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT. TRANSPOSITION OF THE GREAT

VESSELS.

TETRALOGY OF FALLOT.


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SEPTUM FORM TION INTHE COMMON TRIUM

AT THE END OF THE 4THWEK IS FORMED SEPTUMPRIMUM AND OSTIUM PRIMUM.

OSTIUM PRIMUM IS CLOSED BY ENDOCARDIALCUSHION AND CELLS DEATH PRODUCES OSTIUMSECUNDUM.

APPEAR SEPTUM SECUNDUM WITH OVALFORAMEN.

SEPTUM PRIMUM BECOME VALVE OF THE OVALFORAMEN.

AT BIRTH LUNG CIRCULATION BEGIN ANDSEPTUM PRIMUM IS PRESSED AGAINST SEPTUMSECUNDUM OBLITERATING THE OVALFORAMEN


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FURTHER DIFFERENTI TIONOF THE TRI

PULMONARY VEIN DEVELOP AT THE POSTERIORLEFT ATRIAL WALL AND GAIN CONNECTION WITHVEINS OF THE DEVELOPING LUNG BUD.

THE PULMONARY VEIN AND ITS BRANCHES AREINCORPORATED INTO THE LEFT ATRIUM,FORMING THE SMOOTH-WALLED PART OF THE

ATRIUM.

THE TRABECULATED ATRIAL APPENDAGE ARISEFROM THE ORIGINAL EMBRYONIC LEFT ATRIUM.

THE RIGHT ATRIAL APPENDAGE ARISE FROM THEORIGINAL EMBRYONIC RIGHT ATRIUM.


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SEPTUM FORM TION IN THETRIOVENTRICUL R C N L AT THE END OF THE 4THWEEK APPEAR AV

ENDOCARDIAL CUSHION.

INITIALLY AV CANAL GIVES ACCESS ONLY TO THE

PRIMITIVE LEFT VENTRICLE, AND BY THEDEVELOPMENT OF THE BULBOVENT RICULARFLANGE SHIFT TO THE RIGHT ANDENLARGEMENT OF THE AV CANAL BLOODPASSING THROUGH THE AV ORIFICE NOW HAS

DIRECT ACCES TO THE PRIMITIVE LEFT ANDRIGHT VENTRICLE.

THE SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR CUSHIONSPROJECT INTO THE LUMEN AND FUSE LEFT

AND RIGHT ORIFICE IS FORMED ( 5THWEEK )


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FORM TION OF THESEPTUM IN THE V C N L


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FORM TION OF THETRIOVENTRICUL R

V LVES EACH AV ORIFICE IS SURROUNDED BY LOCAL

PROLIFERATION OF MESENCHYMAL TISSUE.

THE BLOOD STREAM HOLLOWS OUT AND THINSTISSUE.

VALVES FORM AND REMAIN ATTACH ED TO THEVENTRICULAR WALL BY MUSCULAR CORD.

MUSCULAR TISSUE IS REPLACED BYDENSECONNECTIVE TISSUE.

THE VALVE CONSIST CONNECTIVE TISSUECOVERED BY ENDOCARDIUM AND CONNECTEDTO THE WALLOF THE VENTRICLE BY PAPILLARYMUSCLES AND CHORDAE TENDINEAE.

BICUSPID VALVE FORM IN THE LEFT AV CANAL.

TRICUSPID VALVE FORM ON THE RIGHT AVCANAL.


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FORM TION OF THE VV LVES ND CHORD E

TENDINE E


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HE RT DEFECTS

ETIOLOGY

- COMPLEX INTERPLAY BETWEEN

GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENT.

- GENETIC FACTOR.

- ENVIRONMENTAL AGENTS


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C RDIOV SCUL RTER TOGEN

RUBELLA VIRUS.

THALIDOMIDE.

ISOTRETINOIN ( VITAMIN A ).

ALCOHOL.

MATERNAL DISEASES

- INSULIN- DEPENDENT DIABETES.

- HYPERTENSION.


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CHROMOSOM LBNORM LITY

TRISOMY 18.

GENETIC SYNDROME SUCH AS DIGEORGE,GOLDENHAR AND DOWN SYNDROME,

MUTATION IN HEART-SPECIFIYING GENE;- NKX2.5, ON CHROMOSOME 5q35,

- ASD

- TETRALOGY OF FALOT.

- A-V CONDUCTION DELAYS.- TBX5 HOLT- ORAM SYNDROME.

- LIMB ABNORMALITIES.

- A.S.D.

- V.S.D.( MUSCULAR PORTION )


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TRI L SEPT L DEFECT OSTIUM SECUNDUM DEFECT

excessive cells death and resortion of

the septum primum or by inadequatedevelopment of the septum secundum

COR TRILOCULARE BIVENTRICULRE

complete absence of the atrial septum. PREMATURE CLOSURE OF THE OVAL

FORAMEN.


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TRICUSPID TRESI INVOLVES OBLITERATION OF THE RIGHT

A-V ORIFICE.

ALWAYS ASSOCIATED WITH ;

- PATENCY OF THE OVAL FORAMEN.

- VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT.

- UNDERDEVELOPMENT OF THE

RIGHT VENTRICLE.- HYPERTROPHY OF THE LEFT

VENTRICLE.


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SEPTUM FORM TION IN THETRUNCUS RTERIOSUS ND

CONUS CORDIS IN THE TRUNCUS, DURING THE 5THWEEK

APPEAR

- RIGHT SUPERIOR TRC. SWELLING.

- LEFT INFERIOR TRC. SWELLIG

GROWING TOWARD THE AORTIC SAC

THE SWELLING TWIST AROUND EACH

OTHER.after complete fusion the ridge form the

AORTICO PULMONARY SEPTUM, dividing

truncus into AORTIC AND PULMONARY

CHANAL


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SEPTUM FORM TION INTHE CONUS CORDIS

IN THE CONUS CORDIS APPEAR

- RIGHT DORSAL SWELLING.

- LEFT VENTRAL SWELLING.WHEN THE TWO CONUS SWELLINGHAVE FUSED, THE SEPTUM DEVIDESTHE CONUS INTO

- THE OUTFLOW TRACT OF THE R.V.

- THE OUT FLOW TRACT OF THE L.V.


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THE NEUR L CREST CELLSIN THE HIND BR IN

ABNORMAL MIGRATION, PROLIFERA

TION OR DIFFERENTIATION RESULT- TETRALOGY OF FALLOT.

- PULMONARY STENOSIS.

- P.D.A.- TRANSPOSITION OF GREAT VESEL


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SEPTUM FORM TION INTHE VENTRICLES

BY THE END OF THE 4THWEEK

- GROWTH OF THE MYOCARDIUM

WITH DIVERTICULATION AND TRABE

CULATION.

- THE MEDIAL WALL OF THE EXPANDING VENTRICLES BECOME APPO

SED AND MERGE, forming THE MUSC

CULAR INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM AND

THE INTERVENTRICULAR FORAMEN.

- OUT GROWTH OF THE INFERIOR ENDOCARDIAL

CUSHION CLOSE THE FORAMEN.

- COMPLETE CLOSURE OF THE INTERVENTRICULAR

FORAMEN forms THE MEMBRANOUS PART OF THE

INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM


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FORM TION OF THESEMILUN R V LVES

WHEN PARTITIONING OF THETRUNCUS IS ALMOST COMPLETE,PRIMORDIA OF THE SEMILUNARVALVES BECOME VISIBLE.

A THIRD TUBERCLE APPEARS INBOTH CHANELS OPPOSITE THE

FUSED TRUNCUS SWELLINGS. THE TUBERCLES FORMS THE

SEMILUNAR VALVES.


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TETR LOGY OF F LLOT


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TR NSPOSITION OF THEGRE T VESSELS


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PERSISTENT TRUNCUSRTERIOSUS


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ECTOPI CORDIS


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DEVELOPMENT OF THERTERI L SYSTEM

AORTIC ARCHES

during the 4thand 5thweek aortic sac

form FIVE ARCHES I, II, III, IV, DAN VI. DEVELOPMENT OF THE AORTIC SAC

IS FORM ;

- THE BRACHIOCEPHALIC ARTERY.

- AORTIC ARCH.


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Embryology of the Cardiovascular System

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