Elements in Group 1A will form what type of ion? +1 cation.
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Transcript of Elements in Group 1A will form what type of ion? +1 cation.
Elements in Group 1A will form what type of ion?
+1 cation+1 cation
What is the singlemost important characteristic
used to organize atoms in the periodic table?
Atomic number or Atomic number or proton numberproton number
What is the ideal gas law formula?
PV=nRTPV=nRT
Vertical columns are known as
Groups or FamiliesGroups or Families
What 2 things are represented in a Lewis
Dot Diagram?
Atom symbolAtom symbol
Valence electronsValence electrons
What type of ion do atoms in Group VIA form?
-2 anions-2 anions
What are the 2 main types of intramolecular
bonds?
Ionic Ionic
CovalentCovalent
The most electronegative atom on the periodic
table
FluorineFluorine
In a solution containing water, carbon dioxide and
sugar, name the solvent(s) and solute(s)
Solvent – waterSolvent – water
Solutes – carbon Solutes – carbon dioxide & sugardioxide & sugar
What type of relationship exists between atomic radius and bond length trends on the periodic
table?Direct relationship Direct relationship as radius increases, bond as radius increases, bond
length increaseslength increases
Positive ions are called
Cations Cations
What type of bond is formed when electrons
are share equally between nuclei?
Nonpolar covalentNonpolar covalent
What is the formula for Phosphoric acid?
HH33POPO44
These types of molecules have dipoles
Polar moleculesPolar molecules
The distance from the center of an atom’s
nucleus to it’s valence shell is known as it’s
Atomic radiusAtomic radius
This is the weakest of the intermolecular forces
Dispersion ForceDispersion Force
These types of bonds are longer than double bonds
Single bondsSingle bonds
What is the formula for the ionic compound
containing Ca+2 and Cl-1?
CaClCaCl22
These types of solids behave as supercooled
liquids
Amorphous SolidsAmorphous Solids
Which gas law is this the formula for - PP11VV11=P=P22VV22
Boyles LawBoyles Law
What is the formula for the polyatomic ion
sulfate?
SOSO44-2-2
What do atoms in period 3 all have in common?
3 energy levels3 energy levels
The measure of an atom’s ability to attract electrons
ElectronegativityElectronegativity
What is the formula for Bromine gas?
BrBr22
What happens to the atomic radius as you
move from left to right within a period on the
periodic table?
DecreasesDecreases
What do elements in Group VIIA have in
common?
7 valence electrons 7 valence electrons
In the writing of an ionic compound, how do we
determine the number of each atom in the
compound?Criss cross the Criss cross the ionic chargesionic charges
What type of intermolecular bonds form between water
molecules due to their polarity?
Hydrogen bondsHydrogen bonds
Bonds in which static electrical attraction is
holding atoms together
IonicIonic
What element has the following electron
configuration: [Ne]3s23p5
Cl - ChlorineCl - Chlorine
(atomic # 17)(atomic # 17)
What is the suffix on monoatomic anions?
-ide-ide
What type of equation is -
Aluminum + chloride Aluminum chloride
SynthesisSynthesis
In naming an ionic compound, which ion is
always listed first?
Cation (positive Cation (positive ion)ion)
What is the name of this polyatomic ion: NH4
+
AmmoniumAmmonium
In this type of bond, shared electrons spend
more time near one nucleus than another
Polar CovalentPolar Covalent
When an atom gains electrons what does it
become?
Anion Anion (negatively charged ion)(negatively charged ion)
What is the relationship between bond length and
bond strength?
Inverse,Inverse,As bond length increases, As bond length increases,
strength decreasesstrength decreases
This theory explains molecular shape as a
function of electron pairs arranging themselves as far apart from one another as
possible
VSEPR - VSEPR -
Valence Shell Valence Shell Electron Pair Electron Pair
RepulsionRepulsion
What law are we following when we balance a chemical equation?
Law of Law of Conservation of Conservation of
MassMass
One mole of a compound contains how many
particles?
6.02x106.02x102323 particles particles
Balance the following equation:
Ca(ClO3)2 CaCl2 + O2
Ca(ClOCa(ClO33))22 CaCl CaCl22 + + 33OO22
What is the formula for: iron (III) carbonate?
FeFe22(CO(CO33))33
Write the balanced equation for the following word
equation:
Aluminum chloride + Calcium Aluminum + Calcium chloride
22AlClAlCl33 + + 33Ca Ca 22Al + Al + 33CaClCaCl22
What type of equation is -
Aluminum chloride + Calcium Aluminum + Calcium chloride
Single Single ReplacementReplacement
What is the formula for: iron (III) carbonate?
FeFe22(CO(CO33))33
What type of reaction is the one previously
written? 22Al + Al + 33BrBr22 22AlBrAlBr33
Synthesis reactionSynthesis reaction
What is the balanced equation for the decomposition of
hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas?
22HH22OO22 22HH22O + OO + O22
What does the abbreviation STP stand
for?
Standard Standard Temperature & Temperature &
Pressure Pressure
One mole of carbon has a mass of how many grams?
12 grams12 grams
6.02x1023 is also known as
Avagodro’s Avagodro’s NumberNumber
The sum of the masses of the elements composing a compound is known as its
Formula MassFormula Mass
What is the percent composition of CO2?
%C = 12/44 = 27%%C = 12/44 = 27%
%O = 16(2)/44 = 73%%O = 16(2)/44 = 73%
One mole of any gas has what molar volume?
22.4 Liters22.4 Liters
The mass of each element in a compound divided by the formula mass is the
Percent Percent compositioncomposition
Write the balanced formula for the reaction
of iron with oxygen gas to form iron (III) oxide.
44Fe + Fe + 33OO22 22FeFe22OO33
If 4.3g of iron reacts with oxygen, as in the previous
formula, what mass of Fe2O3 would be produced?
6.1 g Fe6.1 g Fe22OO33
4.3g Fe
1mol Fe
2mol Fe2O3
160g Fe2O3
56g Fe 4mol Fe 1mol Fe2O3
Determine the molarity of a solution containing 10g of sodium hydroxide in .5L of
water
0.5M NaOH0.5M NaOH
10g NaOH 1mol NaOH = .25 mol NaOH40g NaOH
0.5L
= 0.5M NaOH
How many liters of oxygen are required for the previous reaction?
1.29 L O1.29 L O22
4.3g Fe
1mol Fe
3mol O2 22.4 L O2
56g Fe 4mol Fe 1mol O2
Aluminum reacts with bromine gas to produce
aluminum bromide. What is the balanced equation
for this reaction?
22Al + Al + 33BrBr22 22AlBrAlBr33
If 15.0g Al reacts with 46.0g Br2, which is the
limiting reactant?
46.0g Br46.0g Br22
15.0g Al 1mol Al 2mol AlBr3 267g AlBr3
27g Al 2mol Al 1mol AlBr3
46.0g Br2 1mol Br2 2mol AlBr3 267g AlBr3
160g Br2 3mol Br2 1mol AlBr3
= 51.2g
= 148.3g
Find the empirical formula for the compound that
consists of 20.23% Al and 79.77% Cl.
AlClAlCl33
20.23g Al 1mol Al = .75 mol Al
27g Al
79.77g Cl 1mol Cl = 2.28 mol Cl
35g Cl
.75
.75
= 1
= 3
If the molar mass of the compound in the previous question is 264g, what is the molecular formula?
AlAl22ClCl66AlClAlCl33 formula mass = 132 formula mass = 132
264/132 = 2264/132 = 2
Name the 4 factors that influence the behavior of
a gas.
VolumeVolume
PressurePressure
TemperatureTemperature
AmountAmount
For the formula 2P + 3Br2 2PBr3, if 5.0g P and 35g of Br2
react, what is the limiting reactant and how what mass of
PBr3 is produced?35g Br35g Br22 produces 39.5g produces 39.5g
PBrPBr33
5.0g P 1mol P 2mol PBr3 271g PBr3
31g P 2mol P 1mol PBr3
35g Br2
1mol Br2
2mol PBr3 271g PBr3
160g Br2
3mol Br2 1mol PBr3
= 43.7g
= 39.5g
If the actual yield of PBr3 from the previous
problem is 30g, what is the percent yield?
75.9%75.9%
30g/39.5g
What is an aqueous solution?
A solution in which A solution in which water is the water is the
solventsolvent
Balance the following equation:
Ca(ClO3)2 CaCl2 + O2
Ca(ClOCa(ClO33))22 CaCl CaCl22 + + 33OO22
One of the unique properties of water is the
large amount of heat needed to change it from
liquid to gas. This is known as
Heat of Heat of VaporizationVaporization
Write the balanced equation for the following word
equation:
Aluminum chloride + Calcium Aluminum + Calcium chloride
22AlClAlCl33 + + 33Ca Ca 22Al + Al + 33CaClCaCl22
This is a measure of the amount of heat needed to raise 1g of liquid by 1oC.
Specific HeatSpecific Heat
If the pH of a solution is 2, what is the hydrogen
ion concentration?
1010-2-2
What is the term used for the idea that no kinetic
energy is lost due to collisions within a gas?
ElasticElastic
Rank the 3 states of matter by the strength of
their intermolecular forces from weakest to
strongest.
GasGas
LiquidLiquid
SolidSolid
Acids, by which definition, donate H+ ions to
solution?
Bronsted-LowryBronsted-Lowry
Have massHave mass
Fill containerFill container
Exert pressureExert pressure
Pressure depends on Pressure depends on temperaturetemperature
Compress easilyCompress easily
Move through one another Move through one another easilyeasily
Name at least 4 properties of gases.
This is the strongest of the intermolecular
formulas due to the large differences in
electronegativities within the molecules.
Hydrogen bondsHydrogen bonds
What is the formula for Charles’ Law?
VV11TT22 = V = V22TT11
These types of solids have highly ordered repeating patterns.
Crystalline SolidsCrystalline Solids
What unit is used as a measure of concentration and defined as moles per
liter?
MolarityMolarity
This is the measure of resistance as molecules of
a liquid move past one another
ViscosityViscosity
A neutralization reaction between a strong acid
and strong base will yield what 2 products?
A Salt and WaterA Salt and Water
Substances that resist changes in pH are known
as
BuffersBuffers
In pure water, the concentrations of which 2
ions are equal?
HH++ and OH and OH--