MetalNonmetal Ionic Bond: Metal + Nonmetal Metals: lose valence electrons –form cation –form...
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Transcript of MetalNonmetal Ionic Bond: Metal + Nonmetal Metals: lose valence electrons –form cation –form...
![Page 1: MetalNonmetal Ionic Bond: Metal + Nonmetal Metals: lose valence electrons –form cation –form cation (+ ion) Nonmetals: gain electrons anion –form anion.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e995503460f94b9c898/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Ionic Bond: MetalMetal + NonmetalNonmetal
• Metals: lose valence electrons – formform cation cation (+ ion)
• Nonmetals: gain electrons –form anionanion (- ion)
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IONIC BONDING
• Involves Involves transfer of electronstransfer of electrons– electrons go from metal to nonmetalelectrons go from metal to nonmetal
• # electrons# electrons Lost Lost by by CationCation (metal) (metal)
= =
# electrons # electrons GainedGained by by Anion (nonmetal)Anion (nonmetal)
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Metals are losers!Metals are losers!
• Na has configuration 2-8-1
• Na loses 1 electron → Na+1 –Na+1 configuration is 2-8 (Ne)
• What can taketake the valence electron from Na??
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Na metal Na metal
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Nonmetals are winners!Nonmetals are winners!
• Cl has configuration 2-8-7
• Cl gains 1 electron → Cl-1
– Cl-1 configuration 2-8-8 (Ar)
• What can donatedonate an electron to Cl ??
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ClCl22 (g) (g)
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Electron is transferred from Na to ClElectron is transferred from Na to Cl
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Structure of Ionic Compounds
• Ions are attracted to each other by strong electrostatic interactions (between +/- ions)
• Ions form crystal lattice – regular 3-D pattern or array – Ions are held in fixed positions (solid state)
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lattice structure lattice structure
NaCl has its own NaCl has its own unique propertiesunique properties
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The more Na and ClThe more Na and Cl22, the , the larger the resulting NaCl larger the resulting NaCl crystal crystal
-just keep adding on to it-just keep adding on to it
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Different Different representations of representations of a crystal latticea crystal lattice
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Lewis Diagrams for Ionic Compounds
NaCl's Lewis structure:NaCl's Lewis structure:
[[NaNa]]+1 +1 [ [ Cl Cl ]]-1-1••••
•• ••
•• ••
••••
Remember: Lewis diagrams show valence electrons!Remember: Lewis diagrams show valence electrons!
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Predicting Ionic Compounds
• What is ionic compound formed from What is ionic compound formed from calcium and iodine?calcium and iodine?
• Calcium - metal - 2 valence electrons Calcium - metal - 2 valence electrons - loses both electrons - loses both electrons [[CaCa]]+2+2
• Iodine - nonmetal - 7 valence electrons Iodine - nonmetal - 7 valence electrons - gains 1 electron - gains 1 electron [[ I I ]]-1-1
How many iodine ions do you need to make a How many iodine ions do you need to make a neutral compound?neutral compound? 22
••
•••• •
•
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Lewis Diagram of Calcium iodide
Ca 2-8-8-2 → CaCa 2-8-8-2 → Ca+2+2 2-8-8 2-8-8I 2-8-18-18-7 → II 2-8-18-18-7 → I-1-1 2-8-18-18-8 2-8-18-18-8
[[CaCa]]+2+2[:[:II:]:]-1-1[:[:II:]:]-1-1 or [: or [:II:]:]-1-1[[CaCa]]+2+2[:[:II:]:]-1-1
Note: total charge adds up to zero Note: total charge adds up to zero
- compounds are neutral- compounds are neutral
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