Ionic Bonding. Involves the transfer of valence electrons Attraction between a cation and an anion...
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Transcript of Ionic Bonding. Involves the transfer of valence electrons Attraction between a cation and an anion...
![Page 1: Ionic Bonding. Involves the transfer of valence electrons Attraction between a cation and an anion Cation –Positively charged ion –Typically metals –But.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649cd75503460f9499f242/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ionic Bonding
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Ionic Bonding• Involves the transfer of valence electrons• Attraction between a cation and an anion• Cation
– Positively charged ion– Typically metals– But could be a polyatomic ion
• Anion– Negatively charged ion– Typically nonmetals– But could be a polyatomic ion
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Ionic Bonding
![Page 4: Ionic Bonding. Involves the transfer of valence electrons Attraction between a cation and an anion Cation –Positively charged ion –Typically metals –But.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649cd75503460f9499f242/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Ionic Bonding
The oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other by a
force called an ionic bond
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• Most ionic compounds:• Have high melting points• Are hard and brittle• Are soluble in water• Form electrolytes (conduct
electricity) when dissolved in water
Properties of Ionic Compound
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Crystal Lattice Structure
• Ionic compounds form crystal lattices
• This explains why they have high melting points and are hard but brittle
Na+ Cl-
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Ionic Compounds in Water
When ionic compounds dissolve, they separate into their ions
The free ions can now move and conduct electricity
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Representing Ionic CompoundsLewis Diagrams
• Formation of sodium chloride:
Na + Na+ [ ]Cl
Cl
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Lewis Structures for Ionic Compounds
Ba•
• O•••
•••
••O••
••
••Ba
2+ 2-
Mg•
•
Cl•••
••
••Cl•••
••••
••Cl••
••
••Mg
2+ -2
Ba and O
Mg and Cl
BaO
MgCl2
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Representing Ionic Compounds
Criss-Cross MethodFor monatomic ions: Take the absolute value of the ionic charge for the cation and make it the subscript for the anion and vice versa.
Example: Al3+ and Cl-
The 3 becomes the subscript for the chloride ion and the 1 becomes understood for aluminum. Forming aluminum chloride: AlCl3
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Representing Ionic Compounds
Criss-Cross MethodFor polyatomic ions: Additional step of including brackets around the polyatomic ion if it has a subscript other than one.
Example: Mg2+ and OH- The 2 becomes the subscript for the hydroxide ion, but brackets are needed to indicate 2 of each the O and the H. The 1 becomes the understood subscript for Mg. Forming magnesium hydroxide: Mg(OH)2
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Polyatomic IonsNICK the CAMEL ate a CLAM for SUPPER in PHOENIX
• Underlined letter represents the symbol of the element.• The consonants represent the number of oxygen• The vowels represent the negative charge.
Eg. Underlined letter= NNumber of consanants= 3 represents
oxygensNumber of vowels= 1 represents charge
NO3- Nitrate