IONIC BONDING

IONIC BONDING

Wha

t is a

n

Wha

t is a

n io

n?io

n?

An ion: an atom or An ion: an atom or bonded group of bonded group of atoms with a positive atoms with a positive or negative chargeor negative charge

Cation:Cation: A positively A positively charged ioncharged ion

AnionAnion: A negatively : A negatively charged ioncharged ion

+

-

Ioni

c

Ioni

c

Com

poun

d

Com

poun

d

Composed of Composed of positive positive and and negativenegative ions that ions that are combined so that are combined so that the numbers of the numbers of positive and negative positive and negative charges are equalcharges are equal

Prop

ertie

s of I

onic

Prop

ertie

s of I

onic

Compo

unds

Compo

unds

Formed by ionic bondsFormed by ionic bonds Electrons are either Electrons are either

gained or lostgained or lost Have a regular Have a regular

repeating pattern called repeating pattern called a crystal latticea crystal lattice

Formed between metals Formed between metals with nonmetals; cations with nonmetals; cations with anionswith anions

High Melting point and High Melting point and Boiling PointBoiling Point

Conductors of electricity Conductors of electricity Strong bonds; stronger Strong bonds; stronger than covalent bondsthan covalent bonds

Lewis

Structu

res

Lewis

Structu

res

Ionic – show the Ionic – show the transfer of electronstransfer of electrons

Ionic BondIonic Bondan electron is simply transferred to another atom. By doing so,

each atom is able to have a stable valence shell. It is called an

ionic bond because the atoms become ions, a charged atom

that has either lost an electron (positive charge) or has gained

an electron (negative charge). Below is an animation of ionic

bonding:

Ionic NomenclatureIonic NomenclatureIonic FormulasIonic Formulas

Write each ion,Write each ion, cationcation firstfirst

Don’t show charges in the final formula.Don’t show charges in the final formula.

Overall charge Overall charge mustmust equal equal zero.zero.If charges cancel, just write symbols.If charges cancel, just write symbols.If not, use subscripts to balance charges.If not, use subscripts to balance charges.

Ionic FormulasIonic Formulas

UseUse parentheses parentheses to to show more than one show more than one polyatomic ionpolyatomic ion..

Stock SystemStock System – –

Roman numerals Roman numerals indicate the ion’s charge indicate the ion’s charge

used when the ion has used when the ion has more than one oxidation more than one oxidation state.state.

Ionic Nomenclature

Ionic Nomenclature

continued…

continued…

EXAMPLE:

EXAMPLE: Calcium NitrateCalcium Nitrate

CaCa+2+2 NO NO33-1-1

CaCa11(NO(NO33))22

CaCa (NO(NO33))22

1(+2) + 2(-1)= 01(+2) + 2(-1)= 0

Cross the exponent

s only! not the +

or -Do NOT show 1 in the final

formulaPolyatomic

ion NO3 goes in

parentheses

This is your final

formula!

Check for the overall charge to equal zero

potassium chloride

magnesium nitrate

copper(II) chloride

K+ Cl

Mg2+ NO3

Cu2+ Cl

KCl

Mg(NO3)2

CuCl2

Ionic Nomenclature

Ionic Nomenclature

Ionic NomenclatureIonic NomenclatureIonic NamesIonic Names

Write the names of both ions, Write the names of both ions, cationcation first first. .

Change Change endingending of monatomic ions to of monatomic ions to -ide-ide..

Polyatomic ionsPolyatomic ions have special names. have special names.

Stock SystemStock System - Use - Use Roman numerals Roman numerals to to show the ion’s charge if more than one is show the ion’s charge if more than one is possible. Overall charge must equal zero.possible. Overall charge must equal zero.

NaBr

Na2CO3

FeCl3

sodium bromide

sodium carbonate

iron(III) chloride

Ionic Ionic

Nomenclature

Nomenclature

Ionic

Ionic

Nomen

clatu

re

Nomen

clatu

re Consider the following:Consider the following:

Does it contain a polyatomic Does it contain a polyatomic ion?ion?

-ide-ide, 2 elements , 2 elements no no

--ateate, , -ite-ite, 3+ elements , 3+ elements yesyes

Does it contain a Roman Does it contain a Roman numeral?numeral?

Assig

nmen

t

Assig

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Prov

ide

the

ionic

Prov

ide

the

ionic

com

pound fo

rmula

or t

he

com

pound fo

rmula

or t

he

name

name 1.1. Potassium fluoridePotassium fluoride

2.2. Magnesium phosphideMagnesium phosphide

3.3. Aluminum iodideAluminum iodide

4.4. Nickel II OxideNickel II Oxide

5.5. Lead IV OxideLead IV Oxide

6.6. KK22COCO33

7.7. Pb(NOPb(NO33))22

8.8. CaCa33NN22

9.9. Zn(CN)Zn(CN)22

10.10.AgIAgI