EFFECT OF CRUSHED HARDENED CONCRETE WASTE AS REPLACEMENT MATERIAL FOR NATURAL SAND IN CONCRETE

8/10/2019 EFFECT OF CRUSHED HARDENED CONCRETE WASTE AS REPLACEMENT MATERIAL FOR NATURAL SAND IN CONCR

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International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Engineering (IJETE

Volume 1 Issue 8, September 2014, ISSN 23488050

193

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EFFECT OF CRUSHED HARDENED CONCRETE WASTE AS

REPLACEMENT MATERIAL FOR NATURAL

SAND IN CONCRETE

R. Praba Rajathi*, J. Jai kanth**

*Department of Civil Engineering, A.S.L. Pauls college of Engineering & Technology, Coimbatore** Department of Civil Engineering, A.S.L. Pauls college of Engineering & Technology, Coimbatore

ABSTRACTConcrete is the widely used building material in theworld. River sand has been the most popular choice forfine aggregate in concrete in the past. Scarcity of goodquality Natural River sand due to depletion of resources

and destruction due to environment consideration as madeconcrete manufactures to look of suitable alternative fine

aggregate. To meet the demand of construction industry

excessive quarrying of sand from river beds is takingplace causing the depletion of sand resources. This fact

has forced the government to lay down in destructions onsand quarrying process resulting in the scarcity and

significant increase in its cost. The cheapest & the easiestway of getting natural sand is by crushing natural sandstone to get artificial sand of desired size and grade which

would be free from all impurities. So as to overcome thisproblem, it is very much essential to utilize the hardened

concrete waste materials in concrete construction. In thisstudy, the attempt is made to check the properties ofhardened concrete waste as a replacement of concrete

with conventional concrete and also used chemicaladmixture to increase the strength.

Keywords Natural sand, hardened concretewaste,manufactured sand, Admixtures.

1. INTRODUCTION

Concrete has been around for many centuries, the firstknown use of a material resembling concrete was by theMinoan civilization around 2000 BC. During the early

stages of the Roman Empire around 300 BC, the Romans

discovered that mixing a sandy volcanic ash with limemortar created a hard water resistance substance which wenow known as concrete. Concrete is the widely used

building material in the world. River sand has been the

most popular choice for the fine aggregate in concrete inthe past, but overuse of this material lead to

environmental concerns, reduction of sources and anincrease in price. Quarry dust has been proposed as analternative to river sand that gives additional benefit to

concrete (P. Devi, et al., [1]). A well processed

manufactured sand as partial or full replacement to river

sand is the need of the hour as a long term solution inIndian concrete industry until other suitable alternativefine aggregate are developed (Amol B et al., [2]). Crusher

dust could be effectively used in concrete of above gradesfor replacement levels of sand by 30-60% economically

leading to sustainable development (Chandana Suresh etal., [3]). Common river sand has become more expensive

due to excessive cost and depletion of the naturalresource. In such a situation the M-sand can be analternative material to river sand (Krishna Rao S. et al.

[4]). With natural sand deposits the world over drying upthere is an acute need for a product that matches the

properties of natural sand in concrete. In the last 15 yearsit has become clear that the availability of good qualitynatural sand is decreasing. Crushed aggregate, bottom ash

foundry sand & various by-products are replacing naturasand and gravel in most countries (Bahoria B.V.,et al.

[5]). Huge quantities of construction and demolitionwastes are generated every year in developing countries

like India. The disposal of this waste is a very seriousproblem because it requires huge space for its disposal &very little demolished waste is recycled or reused (Mohd

Monish, et al., [6]). The properties of the recycledaggregate and of the new concrete made from it, withnearly 100% of aggregate replacement were testedSignificant differences were observed between the

properties of the recycled aggregates of various particle

size groups, while the crushing age had almost no effectThe enormous amounts of demolished concrete producedfrom deteriorated and obsolete structures create severe

ecological and environmental problems. One of the ways

to solve this problem is to use this building demolishedwaste concrete as aggregates (M.L.V. Prasad, et al., [7]).

2. MATERIALS

2.1.

CEMENT

Ordinary Portland cement of 53 grade from the locamarket was used and tested for physical and chemical

properties as per IS: 4031 -1988 and found to be
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conforming to various specifications as per IS :12269-

1987.Table 2.1. Tests on Cement

S.NO Properties Limiting

values

1. Normal consistency 30%

2. Initial setting time 35 mins3. Compressive

strength

7 days 37 N/mm2

14 days 47 N/mm2

28 days 53 N/mm2

4. Specific gravity z3.10

2.2. TESTS ON AGGREGATE

2.2.1 FINE AGGREGATE

In the present investigation fine aggregate is naturalsand from local market is used. The physical propertiesof fine aggregate like specific gravity, bulk density,gradation and fineness modulus are tested in accordance

with IS : 2386.

Table 2.2. Fineness Modulus of FineAggregate:

I.S.S Weig Cumula Cum % Rem

eive ht tive % ulati assisg arks

size aggre weight ve

gate retaine %

retain d in weig

ed in Gms ht

Gms retai

ned

10 0 0 0 100

mm

4.75 0 0 0 100

mm

2.36 10 10 1 99 Zone

mm II

1.18 197.5 207.5 20.7 79.25

mm 5

600 371.0 578.5 57.8 42.15

5

300 353.0 931.5 93.1 6.85

5

150 68.5 1000 1000 0

Weight of fine aggregate sample taken=1000g.

Fineness modulus of fine aggregate 272.75/100 =2.72

Table 2.3. Physical properties of fine

aggregate

Property Result

Fineness modulus 2.72

Specific gravity 2.613

Bulk density (Kg/m3)

Loose 1585Compact 1690

2.2.2. Coarse aggregate

The crushed coarse aggregate of 12.5 mmmaximum size rounded obtained from the local

crushing plant,Robo silicon; Tamil Nadu is used inthe present study.The physical properties of coarseaggregate like specific gravity , bulk density,gradation and fineness modulus are tested inaccordance with IS : 2386.

Table 2.4. Fineness modulus of coarse

aggregateI.S.Seiv Weig Cumula Cumula % of

e size ht tive % tive % passi

aggre weight weight ng

gate retained retained

retain in Gms

ed in

Gms

40mm 0 0 0 100

20mm 0 0 0 100

10mm 270 750 15 85

4.75mm 4250 5000 100 0

2.36m 0 5000 100 0

1.18mm 0 5000 100 0

m

600 0 5000 100 0

300 0 5000 100 0

150 0 5000 100 0

Weight of coarse aggregate sample taken=5000g.Fineness modulus of coarse aggregate =615/100 =6.15

Table 2.5. Physical properties of coarse

aggregate

Property Result

Fineness modulus 6.15

Specific gravity 2.625

Bulk density (Kg/m3)

Loose 1475

Compact 1690


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2.3. FLY ASH

In the present investigation work ,the fly ashused is obtained from Thermal power plants.Thespecific surface of fly ash used is found to be

4250cm2/gm by blaines permeability apparatus and its

specific gravity is 2.3.

Table 2.6.Chemical composition of fly ash

S.NO. Characteristics Percentage

1. Silica,sio2 49-67

2. Alumina 26-28

3. Iron oxide 4-10

4. Lime 0.7-3.6

5. Magnesia 0.3-2.6

6. Sulfur trioxide 0.1-2.6

7. Surface area m2/kg 230-600

2.4.

GROUND GRANULATED BLAST

FURNACE SLAG (GGBS)

Table 2.7.Physical properties of GGBS

S.NO. Characteristics Properties

1 Specific gravity 2.91

2 Fineness 330

3 Glass content 93

percent

4 Bulk density 11005 Color Grey

Table 2.8.Chemical composition of GGBS

S.NO. Characteristics Requirements

(BS:6699)

1 SiO2 32-42

2 Al2O3 7.16

3 CaO 32-45

4 Fe2O3 0.1-1.5

5 MgO 14 Max

6 SO3 2.5 Max7 CaO/SiO2 1.4 Max

8 Loss on ignition 3 Max

3.0. MIX DESIGN

As per IS 10262:1982 and SP24 :1987 Water/Cement ratio is 0.42

Grade of Concrete M30

Mix ratio of concrete is 1:1.2:2.6

Table 3.1. Volume of the materials for specimens

Specimen Ceme Sand Crushed Coarse

nt(kg) (Kg) concrete aggregate

(45%) Kg (kg)

Cube 4.05 2.67 2.187 10.53

Cylinder 1.88 1.24 1.02 4.88

Prism 6 3.96 3.24 15.6

Fig. 3.1. Raw material(hardened concrete)

Fig. 3.2. Crushed raw material

4.0. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS4.1. TESTS ON CUBES

Fig. 4.1. Testing of Cube


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Fig.4.2. Testing of cube specimen

40

35

30

25

20 3 days15

7 days10

28 days5

0Normal Replaced With

concrete Concrete chemicalswithout

chemicals

Fig. 4.3. Compressive strength of the concrete for cubes

Hence the above results are discussed by the compressionstrength of the cubes under the 3,7,28 days curing.

From the above graph (Fig.4.3.), the normal concreteattains the strength in general and the replaced materialswithout chemical is normally decreases their strength bymeans of the deterioration of the concrete. It shows thatthe concrete increased the strength by addition of thechemicals as N,N-Dimethyl formamide.

Hence the concrete with the addition of chemicals which

is increased the strength of 8% of the normalconventional concrete.

4.2. TESTS ON CYLINDERS (compression)

Hence the above results are discussed by the compressionstrength of the cylinders under 3,7,28 days curing. Fromthe graph (Fig. 4.5.),the normal concrete attains thestrength in general & replaced materials without chemicalis normally decreases their strength by means of thedeterioration of the concrete It shows that the concrete

increased the strength by addition of the chemicals asN,N-Dimethyl formamide.

Hence the concrete with the addition of chemicals whichis increased the strength of 7% of the normalconventional concrete.

Fig. 4.4. Testing of cylinders

40

35

30

25

20 3 days

15 7 days

10 28 days

5


concrete concrete chemicalwithoutchemical

Fig.4.5. Compressive strength of concrete cylinders

4.2.1. TESTS ON CONCRETE CYLINDERS (Splittensile)

Hence the above results are discussed by the split tensilestrength of the cylinders under the 3,7,28 days curing.


Hence the concrete with the addition of chemicals which


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is increased the strength of 9% of the normal conventionalconcrete.

Fig. 4.6. Testing of cylinder(split tensile)

3

2.5

2

1.5 3days

1 7 days

0.5 28 days


concrete concrete chemicalwithout

Fig. 4.7.Split tensile strength of concretecylinders

4.3. TESTS ON PRISMS

Fig. 4.8. Testing of Prisms

7

6 3 days

5 7 days

4 28 days

3

2

1

0

Normal Replaced With

concrete concrete chemical

without

chemical

Fig.4.9. Flexural strength of concrete prisms

Hence the above results are discussed by the flexuralstrength of the prisms under the 3,7,28 days curing.


Hence the concrete with the addition of chemicals whichis increased the strength of 9% of the normal conventionalconcrete.

5.0. CONCLUSION

In fact increased use of concrete almost in all type ofconstruction work, it initiates a demand of natural riversand. To reduce the sand demand, using crushed hardenedconcrete waste by the process of utilization of wastematerial which is dumped near by the construction places& important places.

From the experimental studies, the following conclusionswere drawn:

The concrete quarry dust along with plasticizerscan be effectively utilized in the constructionworks.

As the addition of N,N-Dimethyl Formamide asan inhibitor with crushed concrete upto 3%shows that maximum improvement is thecompression strength, split tensile strengthflexural strength & bond strength whencompared to the control specimen.


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Addition of the organic inhibitors with crushedconcrete offered very good resistance againstchemical attack & resist corrosion by formingtheir oxide layer & shielding the anodic sites.

From the results, the concrete exhibits highperformance as comparison with normal

concrete because the strength from various testfactors was increased by 8%.

It is also said to be eco-friendly concretebecause of reduction of carbon monoxidepresence in concrete by adding the chemical isprevented.

REFERENCES

Journal Papers:

[1] P. Devi, V.Rajkumar and K.Kannan, Inhibitive effectof organic inhibitors in concrete containing quarry dust as

fine aggregate,International Journal of Advances in EngineeringSciences, 1(2), 2012,1-7.

[2] Amol B. Tardale, Surekha Shivaji Patil,an

d N.J. Pathak, Feasibility study of replacement of cementand sand in concrete and mortar by ecosphere material,

International Journal ofEarth Sciences and Engineering,ISSN: 0974-5904, 6(4), 2011, 920-923.

[3]Chandana Suresh, Katakam Bala Krishna, P. SriLakshmi Sai Teja and S. Kanakambara Rao, Partial

replacement of sand with quarry dust in concrete,International Journal of Innovative Technology andExploring Engineering, ISSN: 2278-30745, 6(2), 2013,254-258.

[4] Krishna Rao S., ChandrasekarRao T. and Saravana P.,Effect of manufacture sand on strength characteristics ofroller compacted concrete, International Journal of

EngineeringResearch and Technology, ISSN: 2278-0181,2(2), 2013, 88-90.

[5]

Bahoria B.V., Parbat D.K. & Naganaik P.B.,

Replacement of natural sand in concrete by wasteproducts : a state of art, Journal of EnvironmentalResearch & Development, 4A (7), 2013, 1651-1656.

[6] Mohd Monish, Vikas Srivastava, V.C. Agarwal, P.K.Mehta & Rakesh kumar, Demlished waste as coarseaggregate in concrete, Youth Education and ResearchTrust,2013,540-542.

[7]

M.L.V. Prasad and P. Rathish kumar, Mechaicalproperties of fibre reinforced concretes produced from

building demolished waste, Journal of EnvironmentaResearch anddevelopment (2), 2007,180-187.

EFFECT OF CRUSHED HARDENED CONCRETE WASTE AS REPLACEMENT MATERIAL FOR NATURAL SAND IN CONCRETE

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