E EUROPES GLOBAL CHALLENGES AND THE TURKISH ECONOMY AND THE TURKISH ECONOMY D r B a h a d ı r K a l...
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EE EEUROPEUROPE’S GLOBAL CHALLENGES’S GLOBAL CHALLENGES
AND THE AND THE TURKTURKISH ECONOMYISH ECONOMY
D rD r B a h a d ı r K a l e a ğ a s ı B a h a d ı r K a l e a ğ a s ı
TTÜSİADÜSİAD
Turkish Industry & Business AssociationTurkish Industry & Business Association
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT - PUBLIC HEARING Brussels, 16 March 2010
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TTÜSİADÜSİAD
A member of BUSINESSEUROPE since 1988
+ BIAC of the OECD, UBCCE, BUSINESSMED, EUCCChina
Brussels – Berlin – Paris - Washington DC – Beijing - . . .
Turkey’s global economic competitiveness
Democratic, economic and social reforms in Turkey
EU membership
Globally competitive Europe
%60+ of the Turkish business’ added-value (direct members + Türkonfed)
80% of the Turkish foreign trade
85% of the state’s tax revenues
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Earthrise July 1969 Appollo 11
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EUROPEEUROPE
GDP PopulationGDP Population 11,569 billion € 657 million11,569 billion € 657 million
RUSSIARUSSIA GDP PopulationGDP Population 559559 billion billion €€ 145 million145 million
CENTRAL ASIACENTRAL ASIACAUCASIACAUCASIA
GDP GDP PopulationPopulation 8282 billion billion € € 75 million75 million
MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICAMIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA
GDP GDP Population Population0,910,91 billion billion € € 311 million 311 million
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G 20
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D 20
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TURKEY’S DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS
72,6 million people
• a household is composed of 4 persons ( decreasing)
• ± 26% below 15 years old ( decreasing)
• 1% p.a. growth in workforce
• 75% urban population ( increasing)
• Stabilised demographic growth by 2030 : ± 80-85 million
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Turkey is the 7th biggest trade partner of the EU
95%
of Turkish exports are industrial goods
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As of 2009:
Trade deficit: 9.4% of GDP
Exports/import rate is 65% in overall.
This ratio is 85% in EU-Turkey trade.
Turkey’s External Trade
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38,7
39,8
42,3
51,5
47,2
63,7
50,2
74,3
51,0
86,7
40,7
60,6
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
80,0
100,0
120,0
140,0
bn
€
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Turkish Imports
EU27 Other Countries
EU - Turkey Trade
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TURKEY IS THE WORLD’S...
• 6th biggest cement producer
• 2nd jewellery exporter
• 2nd flat glass producer
• 1st boron mineral producer
• 6th clothing manufacturer
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TURKEY IS EUROPE’S :
1st TV manufacturer
4th automotive and parts manufacturer
1st auto-car/bus manufacturer
3rd iron and steel producer
3rd ceramic tile manufacturer
6th refrigerator manufacturer
4th largest telecom market
3rd big yacht, 8th ship builder and also :
richest land in biodiversity largest and fastest emerging market
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TURKEY IS A RAPIDLY GROWING
INFORMATION SOCIETY • ± 67 million GSM subscribers
• 30 million internet users
• ± 40 TV channels at the national level± 250 at the local level
• e-Turkey & e-government in rapid expansion
• Telecom sector aims international leadership on innovation of new products and mobile services
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G 20
ENERGY CROSSROADS
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EU-Turkey Customs Union
The EU abolished all its customs duties on industrial goods, with a few exceptions
Turkey :
adopted EU’s commercial and preferential tariff policies in 5 years
reduced all duties and charges on imports of industrial goods from the EU to zero
harmonising its customs tariffs vis-à-vis the “third contries” with the EU
adopted EU’s competition policy
eliminated technical barriers to trade
carries on harmonisation with the EU on standardisation, calibration, quality, accreditation, testing and certification ...
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EU – TURKEY TRADE
IMPACT OF THE CUSTOMS UNION
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FINANCIAL DEFICIT: 582 million €, instead of 2,7 billion € as promised by the EU
TURKEY - EU CUSTOMS UNION - PROBLEMS
VISA : Visa requirements and restrictions for Turkish citizens
Limitations on staying period and visas for truck drivers
NON-TARIFF BARRIERS : Quota applications against Turkish dispatchers Double analysis of food products Negative political statements by some EU politicians
ACCESSION PARTNERSHIP : Blocked chapters in membership negotiations
FTAs : Unwillingness of some countries to sign a similar FTA
“Turkey clause” inserted into FTAs is not binding
EU’s FTAs with S. Korea, ASEAN and Ukraine would harm textile, iron&steal, motor vehicle and electronics sectors in Turkey
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EU’s Free Trade Agreements Status of Turkey’s FTA
1 EFTA In force (1992)
2 Israel In force (1997)
3 FYROM - Macedonia In force (2000)
4 Croatia In force (2003)
5 Bosnia and Herzegovina In force (2003)
6 Palestine In force (2005)
7 Tunisia In force (2005)
8 Morocco In force (2006)
9 Syria In force (2007)
10 Egypt In force (2007)
11 Albania In force (2008)
12 Chile Agreement Signed in 2009
13 Montenegro Agreement Signed in 2008
14 Serbia Agreement Signed in 2009
15 South Africa Exploratory talks
16 Jordan Agreement Signed in 2009
17 Mauritius Negotiating
18 Lebanon Negotiating
19 Faroe Islands Negotiating
20 Mexico Attempted to negotiate
21 Algeria Attempted to negotiate
22 South Korea Negotiations to start in April 2010
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Between 2000-2007:
• Turkish foreign trade has increased by 237%
• Trade with FTA partners has increased by 248%
- > from 3.3 billion to 12 billion €
EU’s current FTA negotiations Position of Turkey
Ukraine Exploratory talks
India Attempted to negotiate
Gulf Cooperation Council Negotiating
MERCOSUR (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay) Negotiating
ACP (Africa, Carribean and Pacific) Attempted to negotiate
Central America Attempted to negotiate
ANDEAN (Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador)
(Talks with Colombia and Peru are finalized)
Attempted to negotiate
ASEAN (South East Asia) Attempted to negotiate
Libya Negotiating
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PRIORITIES OF BUSINESSEUROPE
• New market access through trade negotiations
• More strategic approach towards important partner countries
• Enable trade policies to enhance the competitiveness of the European economy
• EU’s free-trade agreement agenda must be pursued with vigour
“The EU should make clear to its FTA partners that they should conclude parallel negotiations with Turkey, Switzerland and the EEA countries to avoid negative impacts for EU exports and investment”
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CHALLENGES FOR TURKEY 2015
Priorities of TUSIAD
• Democracy : reform of the judiciary, new Constitution
• EU membership: - Adoption and the implementation of the EU policies and legislation - Public sector reform - Maastricht criteria
• Jobs and growth : flexicurity, entrepreneurship, SMEs access to credit,
industrial policies, digital agenda, social policies, innovation …
• Unregistered economy – fiscal legislation
• Reform of the education
• Energy and climate : liberalisation, supply security, green technologies
• Modernisation of agriculture and regional development
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CHALLENGES FOR THE EU 2020
SMART
SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE
INNOVATIONCLIMATE AND ENERGY JOBS AND SKILLS
EDUCATIONGLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS FIGHTING
POVERTY DIGITAL SOCIETY
Budget - Euro - Agriculture - Institutions - External Action - Neighbourhood - Justice - Security - Democracy - ...
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ISTANBUL : A WORLD CITY
EUROPEAN CAPITAL OF CULTURE 2010