DTC Newsletter Mar 2015 - River Wensum€¦ · ! 1! Demonstration+Test+Catchments+ +...
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1 Demonstration Test Catchments Newsletter – Spring 2015 Welcome to the Spring 2015 edition of the DTC Newsletter highlighting a few activities and progress over the past 3 months with links for you to follow up on more detailed information about individual items and topics of interest. “Any fool can know. The point is to understand.” Albert Einstein STOP PRESS: a date for your diary – DTC Stakeholder Conference – 10 June at Stoneleigh Park. Scroll through to the last page Second Phase of DTC gets underway After a long process of procurement the new contracts for the monitoring component of DTC are finally being put in place. Defra has taken the opportunity to expand the brief and also attempt to bring together different strands of work, emphasising the multi> and trans>disciplinary nature of the work and the issues that it needs to address. The economic climate has changed since the project was first commissioned with financial aspects much more to the fore both in the context of overall research budgets and the need for policy to be better informed about the economic consequences of the emerging science. Thus economics is being seen as a useful way of ‘translating’ the science for policy audience in Defra and its agencies. The research consortia set up in Phase 1 have been strengthened accordingly along with mechanisms for policy>makers and researchers to interact, sharing the twists and turns of policy development and emerging knowledge so that the fit between the two is as good as possible. The first Phase of DTC was largely about: building outdoor laboratories (the monitoring systems), building relationships with stakeholders and setting the stage for developing communities of practice at different levels. The second Phase will involve more synthesis of data and the translation of the emerging science into useful knowledge for both policy>makers and catchment managers. See the article on page 11 about the necessary scaling>up process from research site to whole catchment. What will it take to encourage the uptake of farm mitigation measures? Research has been conducted as part of the DTC project to explore the factors influencing farmer adoption of diffuse water pollution mitigation measures. UEA PhD student Emilie Vrain completed 58 in>depth qualitative interviews with farmers who have and have not adopted particular mitigation measures within three of the DTC catchments. Objectives were to assess: 1. What motivates uptake of specific mitigation measures? 2. What creates barriers for uptake of specific mitigation measures? 3. Which policy mechanisms (regulations, financial incentives or advice provision) are needed to encourage uptake? 4. Who is best placed to deliver such mechanisms? Interviews were conducted during 2014 at times when farmers experienced lower workloads, enabling them to spend longer discussing the questions (many interviews lasted over an hour).
Transcript of DTC Newsletter Mar 2015 - River Wensum€¦ · ! 1! Demonstration+Test+Catchments+ +...
! 1!
Demonstration+Test+Catchments++
Newsletter(–(Spring(2015((
Welcome'to'the'Spring'2015'edition'of'the'DTC'Newsletter'highlighting'a'few'activities'and'progress'over'the'past'3'months'with'links'for'you'to'follow'up'on'more'detailed'information'about'individual'items'and'topics'of'interest.''
“Any fool can know. The point is to understand.”!!!!Albert Einstein !+
STOP+PRESS:+a+date+for+your+diary+–+DTC+Stakeholder+Conference++–+10+June+at+Stoneleigh+Park.+Scroll+through+to+the+last+page+
+Second+Phase+of+DTC+gets+underway+After&a&long&process&of&procurement&the&new&contracts&for&the&monitoring&component&of&DTC&are&finally&being&put&in&place.&Defra&has&taken&the&opportunity&to&expand&the&brief&and&also&attempt&to&bring&together&different&strands&of&work,&emphasising&the&multi>&and&trans>disciplinary&nature&of&the&work&and&the&issues&that&it&needs&to&address.&The&economic&climate&has&changed&since&the&project&was&first&commissioned&with&financial&aspects&much&more&to&the&fore&both&in&the&context&of&overall&research&budgets&and&the&need&for&policy&to&be&better&informed&about&the&economic&consequences&of&the&emerging&science.&Thus&economics&is&being&seen&as&a&useful&way&of&‘translating’&the&science&for&policy&audience&in&Defra&and&its&agencies.&The&research&consortia&set&up&in&Phase&1&have&been&strengthened&accordingly&along&with&mechanisms&for&policy>makers&and&researchers&to&interact,&sharing&the&twists&and&turns&of&policy&development&and&emerging&knowledge&so&that&the&fit&between&the&two&is&as&good&as&possible.&&&The&first&Phase&of&DTC&was&largely&about:&building&outdoor&laboratories&(the&monitoring&systems),&building&relationships&with&stakeholders&and&setting&the&stage&for&developing&communities&of&practice&at&different&levels.&The&second&Phase&will&involve&more&synthesis&of&data&and&the&translation&of&the&emerging&science&into&useful&knowledge&for&both&policy>makers&and&catchment&managers.&See&the&article&on&page&11&about&the&necessary&scaling>up&process&from&research&site&to&whole&catchment.&
What+will+it+take+to+encourage+the+uptake+of+farm+mitigation+measures?+Research&has&been&conducted&as&part&of&the&DTC&project&to&explore&the&factors&influencing&farmer&adoption&of&diffuse&water&pollution&mitigation&measures.&UEA&PhD&student&Emilie&Vrain&completed&58&in>depth&qualitative&interviews&with&farmers&who&have&and&have¬&adopted&particular&mitigation&measures&within&three&of&the&DTC&catchments.&Objectives&were&to&assess:&
1. What&motivates&uptake&of&specific&mitigation&measures?&2. What&creates&barriers&for&uptake&of&specific&mitigation&measures?&3. Which&policy&mechanisms&(regulations,&financial&incentives&or&advice&provision)&are&needed&
to&encourage&uptake?&4. Who&is&best&placed&to&deliver&such&mechanisms?&
&Interviews&were&conducted&during&2014&at×&when&farmers&experienced&lower&workloads,&enabling&them&to&spend&longer&discussing&the&questions&(many&interviews&lasted&over&an&hour).&
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The&research&was&conducted&in&the&Eden&(lowland&livestock&farmers)&during&January&and&February;&the&Wensum&(arable&farmers)&during&June&and&October;&and&the&Tamar&(mixed&and&dairy&farmers)&during&November&and&December.&&General&information&about&the&farmer,&their&farm&and&its&management&was&collected&to&gain&an&understanding&of&the&businesses,&and&questions&were&asked&to&gauge&the&level&of&knowledge&the&farmer&had&of&diffuse&water&pollution&and&related&issues.&Information&was&then&gathered&as&to&whether&or¬&the&farmer&had&implemented&the&farm&practices&listed&in&Table&1,&and&four&measures&(two&measures&they&had&adopted&and&two&they&had¬)&were&chosen&as&the&focus&of&in>depth&discussions&with&each&farmer.&!
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Eden& !& !& !& & & & !& !& !& !& &Wensum& !& !& & !& !& !& !& & !& & !&Tamar& !& !& !& & & & !& !& !& !& &
&Table+1.&DWPA&mitigation&measures&investigated&in&each&catchment&during&farmer&interviews&
&Another& element& of& the& interviews& investigated& the& farmers’& attitudes& towards& various& farm&advisors& and& the& advice& they& provide.& This& complements& and& provides& another& perspective& to&findings&from&another&DTC&survey&conducted&with&farm&advisors&in&2013.&The&farmers&were&asked&would& they& listen& to& ‘x’& organisation/advisor& for& advice& on& the& various& farm& practices& discussed&during&the&interview,&and&if&so,&what&influences&why&they&would&listen?’&&&Discussions&from&the&interviews&are&being&extensively&analysed&and&summary&documents&are&due&to&be&completed&by&the&end&of&spring.&Comparisons&between&responses&from&the&three&catchments&will& be& made& to& provide& information& to& support& policy& development,& particularly& better&understanding& of& the& motivations& and& barriers& for& adoption& of& measures,& what& it& will& take& to&encourage&adoption&and&through&which&channels&such&mechanisms&should&be&implemented.&Contact:+Emilie+Vrain&([email protected])&+New+Research+Programme+in+the+Hampshire+Avon+A&major&new&research&programme,&NERC&DOMAINE,&has&commenced&work&in&the&Hampshire&Avon&catchment,&providing&the&opportunity&to&share&data&and&upscale&findings&from&the&DTC&programme&by&working&in&a&lower&part&of&the&same&priority&catchments.&The&project&is&using&a&combination&of&high&resolution&continuous&field&monitoring&and&controlled&experiments&over&a&three&year&period&(2015&–&2018)&to&characterise&the&nature,&origins&and&ecological&significance&of&dissolved&organic&matter&in&freshwater&ecosystems&as&part&of&the&total&C,&N&and&P&flux&from&headwaters&to&downstream&reaches,&and&is&worked&from&molecular&to&large&catchment&scale.&The&programme&is&led&by&Professor&Penny&Johnes,&University&of&Bristol,&and&is&funded&by&a&£2.75m&investment&from&NERC&under&its&Large&Grants&programme.&&
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Monitoring&and&sampling&commenced&in&the&Hampshire&Avon&in&December&2014.&The&field&monitoring&is¤tly&concentrating&on&the&mid>catchment&area&to&determine&the&effect&of&headwater&catchments&with&different&geologies&(chalk,&clay&and&greensand),&land&use&and&land&management,&including&point&source&discharges&from&human&activities&in&the&catchment&on&the&rate,&molecular&composition&and&ecological&response&to&dissolved&organic&matter&(DOM)&delivered&to&the&stream&ecosystem.&&A&paired&monitoring&campaign&is&also&being&carried&out&in&the&Conwy&catchment&to&investigate&the&effects&of&mountain&moorland,&peat&and&commercial&forestry,&together&with&intensive&valley>bottom&livestock&production&in&upland&catchments&on&those&same&characteristics.&Field&monitoring&infrastructure&in&the&Hampshire&Avon&has&been&installed&downstream&of&the&DTC&sites&on&the&Nadder&at&Burcombe&and&the&Wylye&at&South&Newton&and&also&downstream&from&their&confluence&at&Quidhampton.&The&key&aims&of&the&project&are:&
• Identification& of& the& sources& of& both& organic& as&well& as& inorganic& nutrient& enrichment& in&complex&landscapes,&for&effective&management&intervention&and&policy&direction&
• Determination& of& the& origin& and& flux& rate& of& the& dissolved& organic& fractions& of& carbon,&nitrogen&and&phosphorous&in&relative&to&total&carbon,&nitrogen&and&phosphorus.&
• Improving& our& understanding& of& DOM& as& a& constituent& of& C,& N& and& P& flux& in& waters,& its&nature&and&the&processes&controlling&its&stability&and&behaviour&in&stream&ecosystems&
• Determination& of& the& dominant& enzymatic& pathways& controlling& nutrient& processing& and&the& rate& of& dissolved& organic& nutrient& fraction& uptake& in& support& of& algal,& plant& andµbial&production&in&waters&of&differing&character&
• Assessing& the& rates& of&DON&and&DOP&uptake& by& stream&plant& and&plankton& communities&and&their&ecological&significance&relative&to&inorganic&nutrient&enrichment&
&&The&DOMAINE&project&involves&collaborators&between&5&research&organisations:&the&University&of&Bristol,&Bangor&University,&CEH&Lancaster,&CEH&Bangor,&and&a&range&of&project&partner&organisations&including&Defra,&Environment&Agency,&Natural&England,&Natural&Resources&Wales,&The&Rivers&Trust,&Wessex&Water,&Welsh&Water&and&Scottish&Water,&providing&a&broad&base&for&knowledge&exchange.&&Further&information&can&be&found&at&the&project&website:&www.nerc>domaine.uk,&where&requests&for&data&access&and&
sharing&can&be&submitted,&and&opportunities&to&join&its&knowledge&exchange&activities&will&be&advertised.&Contact:+Penny+Johnes&([email protected])&+Training+the+next+generation+of+researchers+and+catchment+managers+Lancaster&Environment&Centre&was&awarded&funding&from&NERC&to&deliver&training&for&postgraduates&and&professionals&working&in&the&environmental&sciences.&Using&the&knowledge&and&facilities&of&the&Eden&DTC,&CatSci,&the&resulting&NERC&Advanced&Training&Short&Course&in&soil&and&freshwater&catchment&science,&aimed&to&emphasise&the&importance&of&a&multidisciplinary&approach&for&both&research&and&management&across&the&land>water&continuum.&Experience&of&research&techniques,&
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management&approaches&and&technologies&in&the&soil&and&freshwater&sciences&was&provided&with&the&programme&structured&around&the&following&key&areas&of&soil&and&water&science:&1. Nutrient&sources&and&mobilisation&within&agricultural&landscapes&2. Transport&and°radation&of&nutrients&within&surface&and&sub>surface&flowpaths&3. Monitoring&of&chemical&and&biological&indicators&of&freshwater&ecosystem&status& Nick&Garrard&a&PhD&researcher&from&UEA,&working&on&the&DTC&Wensum&catchment&was&one&of&the&15&chosen&from&28&applicants&who&attended.&What&follows&is&his&account&of&the&week.&&“The&course&focused&on&the&source,&mobilisation&and&delivery&of&diffuse&pollutants&from&agricultural&activities.&On&the&first&day&the&group&travelled&to&three&farms,&the&first&being&a&visit&to&a&mixed&farming&system&on&the&Brackenburgh&Estate&in&the&River&Eden&catchment.&The&farm’s&outputs&consisted&of&cereal,&potatoes,&and&grass&as&fodder&for&dairy&and&sheep,&representing&a&truly&mixed&agricultural&scenario&with&potential&for&numerous&diffuse&sources&of&pollution.&Discussion&during&this&visit&focused&on&the&range&of&nutrients&required&to&support&such&an&endeavour,&these&include&bagged&fertilizer,&lime,&gypsum,&dairy&slurry,&sewage&cake,&compost&and&farmyard&manure.&Mitigation&approaches&on&this&farm&include&precision&farming,&where&the&amount&of&fertiliser&is&distributed&appropriately&based&on&soil&chemical&analysis&and&GPS&guidance.&&The&second&visit&of&the&day&was&to&the&Eden&Rivers&Trust&(ERT)&HQ&at&Newton&Rigg&where&an&overview&presentation&informed&the&group&of&the&involvement&of&the&ERT&in&terms&of&the&agricultural&activity&within&the&Eden&catchment,&with&particular&emphasis&on&community&engagement.&During&this&visit,&the&group&was&introduced&to&a&state>of>the>art&dairy&system&at&Sewborwens&Farm,&run&by&Askham&Bryan&College.&This&particular&activity&introduced&nutrient&sources&in&the&context&of&intensive&livestock&production&systems,&as&the&cattle&were&kept&indoors&year&round.&The&idea&of&this&was&for&better&slurry&management,&a&step&towards&more&effective&control&of&diffuse&sources&of&pollution.&&
The&final&part&of&the&day&was&a&visit&to&an&organic&dairy&farm.&The&farm&had&only&been&certified&organic&for&eight&years&and&so&the&restrictions&and&benefits&were&explained&to&the&group,&mainly&that&there&are&significant&savings&to&be&made&through&eliminating&the&use&of&fertilisers,&but&this&has&to&have&been&ongoing&for&five&years&previous.&The&farm&itself&operates&a&slurry&recycling&system&
where&the&liquid&and&solid&components&in&the&manure&produced&are&separated&and&spread&back&on&to&the&fields&that&produce&silage.&Many&thanks&to&Mrs&Warburton&for&the&delicious&tea&and&cakes!&
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Before&
After&
&The&second&day&of&the&course&focused&on&the&relationships&between&soil&physical&properties,&land&management&and&surface&runoff.&Specifics&of&the&day&included&the&discussion&of&the&role&of&soil&compaction&and&its&causal&effects&on&accelerated&runoff,&demonstrations&of&the&ways&of&measuring&soil&compaction,&ranging&from&very&simple&to&hi>tech&approaches.&The&afternoon&session&focused&on&obtaining&high&resolution&surface&topography&data&from&digital&photographs&taken&on&the&day.&&The&third&day&introduced&the&group&to&the&concept&of&biomonitoring,&focusing&on&the&benthic&diatom&community.&The&task&was&situated&on&one&of&the&Eden&DTC’s&field&monitoring&sites,&Newby&Beck&at&Morland.&The&group&examined&the&diatom&community&through&use&of&in'situ&fluorometers.&Samples&were&also&collected&and&examined&underµscopes&at&Lancaster&University.&The&data&collected&on&this&day&related&to&ongoing&work&at&the&Eden&DTC,&where&changes&in&diatom&community&structure&are&examined&with&respect&to&key¶meters&such&as&stream&flow&and&nutrient&concentrations.&&The&week&concluded&on&Friday&morning&with&a&presentation&series&from&the&group&in&a&‘Dragon’s&Den’&style&research&proposal&pitch.&The&task&was&to&design&and&cost&a&three>year&research&project,&with&a&budget&of&£1m,&focusing&on&tackling&the&pollution&of&ground&and&surface&water&bodies&from&diffuse&agricultural&sources.&Group&projects&ranged&from&closing&the&nutrient&cycling&gap&by&reapplying&excess&nutrients&from&eutrophic&waters&to&fields,&to&the&production&of&a&set&of&catchment&‘top&trumps’&cards.&&Many&thanks&to&NERC&for&funding&the&short&course,&the&farmers&and&ERT&staff&members&for&talking&to&the&group,&and&of&course&Ben&Surridge&and&Phil&Haygarth&for&organising&and&delivering&the&course.”&See&the&movie&at&https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9JyNrm97D8M&Contact:+Nick+Garrard&([email protected])&or&Ben+Surridge&([email protected])&&&
Improving+stream+conditions+downstream+of+Morland+mitigation+features?&&Over&the&summer&of&2014&a&number&of&mitigation&features&were&installed&in&the&Morland&Long&Sike&catchment,&including&two&runoff&attenuation&features&at&Dedra&Banks&farm.&Additionally,&a&new&sealed&and&roofed&silage&clamp&was&installed,&and&the&farm&track&running&to&fields&at&the&back&of&the&farm&was&raised&and&restructured&with&hard>core.&Prior&to&this&work,&the&beck&running&downstream&of&these&features&was&suffering&from&high&nutrient&inputs&(particularly&ammonium),&sewage&fungus&growth&was&widespread&and&there&was&a&high&level&of&visible&sediment&deposition&occurring.&Spot&checks&over&the&winter&and&spring&have&shown&the&beck&to&contain&less&visible&sediment,&and&sewage&fungus&growth&is&mostly&non>existent&(see&‘before&and&after’&pictures).&Further&highlighting&the&improved&conditions&in&the&beck&is&a&marked&difference&between&a&clean&looking&reach&upstream&of&a&field&drain&and&the&area&surrounding&the&field&drain&input&(see&field&drain&
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photo).&There&is&obvious&sewage&fungus&growth&around&the&field&drain&inlet&and&slightly&further&downstream&of&this&source.&Field&campaigns&involving&spot&sample&analysis&later&in&the&spring&will&enable&us&to&determine&the&level&of&nutrient&reduction&in&this&stretch&of&beck,&compared&to&base&flow&samples&that&were&collected&prior&to&mitigation&features&being&installed.&!+
Contact:+Clare+Benskin+([email protected])&+Ireland’s+Challenges+in+Sustainable+Intensification+Ireland&has&a&population&of&only&4&million,&but&produces&enough&food&for&36&million.&Exporting&between&85>90%&of&its&production,&agri>food&comprises&10.6%&of&Ireland’s&total&exports&with&beef&and&milk&production&accounting&for&60%&of&the&output.&Impressive&figures,&but&the&government&wants&more.&Their&vision&for&2020&is&to&increase&milk&production&by&50%&whilst&complying&with&the&goals&of&the&WFD&(Food&Harvest&2020).&The¤t&and&potential&extra&pressures&on&the&environment&in&this&‘sustainable&intensification’&ambition&demand&an&intelligent&and&holistic&approach&to&managing&agricultural&land&without&causing&detriment&to&aquatic&ecology&and¶llels&the&dilemma&facing&us&in&the&UK.&The&following&two&items&highlight¤t&work,&firstly&on&research&into&agriculture&and&diffuse&water&pollution&and&secondly&on&catchment+management.++Agricultural+Catchments+Programme+–+Ireland!+The&Agricultural&Catchments&Programme&(ACP)&is&being&undertaken&by&Teagasc&(the&Irish&Agriculture&and&Food&Development&Authority)&and&is&an&(older)&sister&project&to&DTC.&Begun&in&2008&it&reported&on&its&first&phase&in&2013&(http://tny.im/1HH)&and&is&now&coming&to&the&end&of&its&second&phase.&&The&programme&held&a&briefing&and&discussion&meeting&at&Portlaoise&in&March&for&an&invited&audience&of&stakeholders&from&national&and&local&government&along&with&e>NGOs&and&others&summarising&some&of&the&outcomes&and&their&policy&implications&over&the&past&7&years.&The&main&findings&of&the&Agricultural&Catchments&Programme&and&the&policy&implications&in&the&context&of&meeting&Ireland's&water&quality&and&food&production&goals&were&discussed.&Themed&sessions&covered&key&outcomes&and&through&discussion&their&relevance&to¤t&and&future&agri>environmental&policy&were&explored.&You&can&read&an&overview&of&the&ACP&in&a&2014&article&on&pps&12/13&of&the&newsletter&at&http://tny.im/1HG.&
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Field&drain+input&
! 7!
&Linking+Bottom+Up+understanding+with+Top+Down+planning+DTC&is&attempting&to&understand&the&efficacy&of&measures&and&groups&of&measures&by&developing&understanding&and&undertaking&research&at&the&scale&of&small&headwater&catchments&and&through&working&with&individual&farms.&The&intention&is&then&to&‘scale&up’&from&this&necessary&learning&level&to&the&whole&catchment,&thereby&answering&the&policy&question&‘what&is&the&critical&mass&of&measures&to&impact&on&water&quality/ecology&at&the&catchment&scale?’&Amongst&others&DTC&aims&to&inform&the&developing&catchment&management&community&supported&by&Defra’s&Catchment&Based&Approach&(CaBA)&to&achieving&WFD&goals.&&The&Irish&Environmental&Protection&Agency&(EPA)&are&also&embarking&on&an&ambitious&new&Integrated&Catchment&Management&approach&to&the&WFD&in&an&attempt&to&produce&catchment&plans&for&action&which&will&both&feed&into&a&‘whole&country’&River&Basin&Plan&in&2017&and&act&as&a&template&for&the&implementation&of&measures&at&the&local&scale.&&(Ireland&has&been&granted&dispensation&by&the&EC&to&delay&the&publication&of&their&plan&by&2&years.)&The&EPA,&as&national&lead,&has&effectively&abandoned&the&river&basin&scale&(they&produced&7&river&basin&plans&in&2009&but&will&only&produce&one&in&2017).&Instead&they&are&focusing&on&46&catchments&as&the&appropriate&water&management&unit&for&planning,&each&having&an&area&between&500&to&3000&km2&with&action&being&promoted&at&the&sub>catchment&scale&below&this,&around&100&km2.&&In&some&ways&this¶llels&CaBA&where&in&England&we&have&also&identified&catchments&as&an&appropriate&unit&for&planning&and&organising.&However,&what&we&lack&and&they&have,&is&a&strong&focus,&technical&direction&and&leadership&on&catchment&management&at&these&lower&scales.&&&Ireland&doesn’t&have&a&strong&network&of&e>NGOs&and&the&EPA&is&relatively&small&(c.350&strong)&but&Local&Authorities&(County&Councils)&are&in&the&mix&of&organisations&who&can&take&a&leading&role&and&provide&a&link&to&wider&local&planning.&EPA&is&leading&on&the&strategy&and&production&of&tools&for&characterisation&with&suites&of&maps&allowing&a&risk&based&approach&to&be&used,&highlighting&critical&source&areas&for&example,&in&the&preparation&of&a&targeted&action&plan.&&&Despite&the&lack&of&a&strong&e>NGO&network&there&are&some&good&examples&of&collaborative&approaches&at&the&local&action&scale&involving&the&local&community.&One&such&is&the&Group&Water&Schemes&(http://www.nfgws.ie).&In&many&rural&areas&groups&of&householders&are&supplied&from&a&single&borehole&or&surface&water&source.&The&catchment&zones&of&these&supplies&are&steadily&being&mapped&so&that&the&pollution&risks&can&be&identified&and&addressed.&The&members&in&the&water&supply&scheme&are&made&aware&of&the&specific&vulnerability&of&their&source&and&so&can&take&collective&(non>regulatory)&action&in&persuading&responsible&parties&to&change&their&behaviour&or&stop&any&offending&activity&that&might&cause&pollution.&Pressure&on,&say,&a&local&farmer&to¬&apply&manure&in&a&particular&area&from&a&group&of&his&neighbours&is&a&powerful&means&of&control&and&places&responsibility&firmly&at&the&local&level.&Would&that&we&had&this&level&of&awareness&and&ownership&of&water&supply&and&environmental&issues&in&England.&It&will&be&worth&watching&how&the&Irish&experiment&evolves&over&the&next&few&years.&Contact:+Bob+Harris&([email protected])&+Catchment+Management+in+Action:+Integrating+land+and+water+management+in+the+Eden+exploring+opportunities+for+business+There&are&numerous&business&opportunities&that&a&catchment>based&approach&to&management&brings&and&many&of&these&focus&on&solutions&for&monitoring&and&evidence&generation,&remote&sensing&applications&and&increasingly&involve&complex&data&science.&&
! 8!
A&joint&British&Water>Lancaster&University&event&brought&together&a&diverse&range&of&scientists,®ulators&and&businesses&to&understand&the&challenges&of&catchment&management&in&practice&through&field&visits&using&the&Eden&DTC&in&Cumbria.&Profs&Phil&Haygarth&and&John&Quinton&gave&talks,&with&the&keynote&speech&delivered&by&Dr&Teija&Kirkkala,&Executive&Director&of&the&Pyhäjärvi>instituutti,&Finland.&Workshops&across&the&two&days&allowed&space&for&collaborative&project&development&culminating&in&the&awarding&of&£13,000&funding&to&launch&seven&student&internship&projects&that&will&scope&the&ideas&developed&further.&Contact:+Phil+Haygarth&([email protected])&+Monitoring+dissolved+nitrous+oxide+concentrations+in+field+drains+from+arable+lands+Nitrous&oxide&N2O&is&a&potent&greenhouse&gas&that&persists&in&the&atmosphere&and&has&298×&more&global&warming&potential&than&CO2.&Emissions&of&N2O&arise&both&directly&from&fertilized&soils&and&indirectly&from&drainage&streams,&groundwater,&rivers&and&estuaries.&N2O&is&highly&soluble&in&water,&thus&a&significant&amount&of&N2O&may&be&discharged&with&drain&water&and°assed&to&the&atmosphere&subsequently.&In&the&Wensum&catchment&we&monitored&dissolved&nitrous&oxide&concentrations&in&the&field&drainage&to&assess&the&effect&of&temporal&and&spatial&variations&on&this&gas.&&Sampling&continued&from&mid>March&until&end&of&August&2013&from&12&field&drains&on&a&weekly&basis.&Samples&for&dissolved&N2O&analysis&were&collected&at&drain&outlet&pipes&in&20&ml&glass&syringes&with&a&three>way&stopcock&attached&to&each&syringe&by&a&Luer>Lock&fitting.&N2O&was&analysed&by&gas&chromatography&with&an&electron&capture&detector&(GC>ECD).&&
+
+
+
Site& N2O&(µg&N&L>1)&
Range&of&N2O&(µg&N&L>1)&
NO3>&
(mg&N&L>1)&NH4
+&
(µg&N&L>1)&NO2
>&(µg&N&L>1)&
Drain1(13)& 3& 0.4>7& 6.5& 5& 1&Drain2(21)& 1& 0.4>3& 1.3& 6& 2&Drain3(5)& 3& 1>4& 6.5& 15& 8&Drain4(14)& 12& 2>19& 3.6& 5& 2&Drain5(14)& 3& 1>4& 9.5& 5& 4&Drain6(10)& 7& 2>18& 7.5& 10& 15&Drain7(5)& 8& 1>16& 7.1& 5& 1&Drain8(3)& 2& 2>3& 5.6& 2& 2&Drain9(8)& 4& 1>8& 12.1& 4& 1&Drain10(6)& 19& 13>22& 11.2& 6& 12&Drain11(2)& 7& 4>9& 7.8& 1.5& 1&Drain12(4)& 3& 3>4& 3.0& 24& 23&
Table+2.+Summary+of+data.&Values&are&average&concentrations&(except&for&range&of&N2O).&Value&in&brackets&is&the&number&of&samples&analysed.&Drain&water&samples&collected&from&mid>March&to&end&of&August&2013&
Study&area&and&location&of&drains&
! 9!
Some+Key+results:&
• There&is&a&great&variation&in&N2O&concentration&in&field&drains&from&0.4&µg&N&L>1,&just&above&atmosphere>water&equilibrium&level,&to18&µg&N&L>1,&up&to&50×&greater&than&atmospheric–water&equilibrium&values.&&
• The&mean&of&N2O&concentrations&decreased&continuously,&by&1&order&of&magnitude,&during&the&time&of&sampling&from&8&µg&N&L>1&in&winter&to&0.8&µg&N&L>1&in&summer.&&&
• The&three&main&rainfall&events&that&occurred&in&spring&and&early&summer&created&three&associated&peaks&in&dissolved&N2O&concentrations.&However,&rainfall&might¬&cause&an&increase&in&N2O&concentration&when&it&happens&in&mid>summer&(late&July).&
&Contact:+Zanist+HamaWAziz&(z.hama>[email protected])&&&Diatom+Communities+as+indicators+of+diffuse+N+&+P+condition+within+the+EdenDTC+subWcatchments.+Among&the&three&EdenDTC&sub>catchments&of&contrasting&trophic&status,&the&potential&for&nitrogen&(N)&limited&plant&growth&has&been&investigated,&challenging&the&traditional&view&for&UK&streams&that&phosphorus&(P)&rather&than&N&is&the&limiting&nutrient&given&already&high&background&N.&&
Figure&1&presents&the&ratio&of&SRP:NO3&against&SRP&concentrations.&Emphasis&was&placed&on&the&
(a)&Temporal&variation&of&weekly&rainfall&&(b)&Mean&N2O&concentration&and&flux&
Figure+1:+NO3:SRP&to&SRP&for&Morland&(n&=&75)&,&Pow&(n&=&75)&and&Dacre&(n&=&67)&(modified&from&Mainstone&and&Parr,&2002).&Nutrient&limitation&threshold&is&taken&at&16:1&following&the&Redfield&ratio.&Trophic&categories&defined&as&per&EA&(1998):&Oligotrophic&0.02&mg/l;&Mesotrophic&0.06&mg/l;&Meso>eutrophic&0.1&mg/l;&Eutrophic&0.2&mg/l).&!
! 10!
main&dissolved&phases&of&NO3&and&SRP&to&provide&a&measure&of&the&bioavailable&form&of&the&nutrient.&P&is&generally&considered&‘limiting’&at&ratios&of&N:P&greater&than&16:1,&and&Figure&1&indicates&this&is&the&case&within&the&Dacre&and&Morland&catchments.&Higher&phosphorus&concentrations&are&found&in&the&Pow&catchment&whereas&NO3&is&relatively&low.&Therefore,&while&P&‘limiting’&conditions&were&observed&across&all&three&catchments,&potentially&N&‘limiting’&conditions&were&mostly&observed&within&the&Pow&catchment.&This&is&also&recorded&by&the&diatom&assemblage&which&is&dominated&by&Cocconeis'placentula&compared&to&Achnanthidium'minutissimum&and&Amphora'pediculus&which&are&prominent&within&the&Morland&and&Dacre&catchments.&Catchment&specific&differences&in&diatom&community&composition&are&a&response&to&nutrient&cocktails&as&well&as&concentration&and&loads&and&may&prove&an&invaluable&tool&in&assessments&of&mitigation&measures&which&target&diffuse&agriculture&pollution.&Contact:+Phil+Barker&([email protected])&&Avon/Tamar+Stakeholder+Meeting+The&Avon/Tamar&DTC&held&its&annual&stakeholder&meeting&on&23&March&in&Salisbury.&Attended&by&a&wide&range&of&representatives&of&the&various&stakeholder&groups&it&heard&about&some&of&the&emerging&outcomes&from&the&work&which&has&been&undertaken&and&also&the&plans&for&the&next&3&years&in&the&second&phase.+
++
Predicting*Faecal*Indicator*Organism)concentrations)W!the$Cloud$to$Coast$project (https://shef.ac.uk/c2c) Registration&for&'Prediction&of&Faecal&Indicator&Organism&(FIO)&Concentrations&and&Resulting&Health&Impacts&at&Bathing&Waters',&the&final&dissemination&events&for&the&Cloud&to&Coast&project&is&now&open.&&Attendance&is&free,&but®istration+is+essential&as&places&are&limited.&&The&Cloud&to&Coast&research&team&will&present&exciting&results&from&field&studies&and&models,&and&showcase&modelling&techniques&which&allow&for&the&prediction&of&Faecal&Indicator&Organism&concentrations&in&bathing&and&shellfish&waters.&The&events&will&focus&on&the&Ribble&basin&case&study&area.&&The&programme&will&include&presentations&on:&
• Intensive&catchment&wide&survey&of&FIOs&and&related&data&• Predicting&FIO&loads&from&the&rural&catchment&with&HSPF&• Predicting&FIO&loads&from&urban&catchments&using&InfoWorks&• Transport&and&decay&of&FIOs&in&River,&Estuary&and&Coastal&Waters&• Source&apportionment&of&FIOs&• Results&of&selected&future&catchment&management&scenarios&• Disease&burden&modelling&and&health&impact&assessment&
&There&are&two&events&(repeated&content):&
• London,&Monday&18th&May&2015&from&13:00&to&17:00&at&the&Brunei&Gallery,&SOAS.&&Register&for&the&London&event.&
• Manchester,&Tuesday&19th&May&2015&from&10:30&to&15:00&at&the&Council&Chamber,&Manchester&Metropolitan&University.&&Register&for&the&Manchester&event&
One&of&the&tables&of&happy&participants&at&the&Avon/Tamar&DTC&
stakeholders&meeting&!
! 11!
Scaling+up+from+the+DTC+experimental+areas+A&major&focus&of&Phase&2&of&the&DTC&programme&is&the&scaling&up&from&the&experimental&headwater&areas&to&the&catchments&in&their&entireties&and&beyond&to&national&scale&for&policy&support.&Work&at&Rothamsted&Research&has&already&started&compiling&data&layers&for&supporting&this&scaling&process.&&&One&of&the&most&important&layers&concerns&the&dominance&of&Robust&Farm&Types&(RFTs)&across&England&and&Wales&&(Figure&2).&The&patterns,&produced&on&the&basis&of&the&two&dominant&RFTs&in&any&area&show&clear®ional&variation&with,&for&example,&cereals&and&general&cropping&dominating&over&in&the&east&in&the&environs&of&the&Wensum&DTC&and&LFA&grazing&and&dairy&or&LFA&grazing&and&lowland&grazing&being&more&important&in&the&environs&of&the&Eden&DTC&and&elsewhere&including&the&whole&of&Wales&and&a&large&tract&of&SW&England.&Interestingly,&the&dominance&of&cereals&and&mixed&RFTs&in&the&Avon&DTC&is&only&observed&in&a&very&small&portion&of&the&country&outside&of&that&study&area.&These®ional&contrasts&will&be&used&to&underpin&scenario&modelling&for&identifying&on>farm&interventions&for&delivering&improved&water&quality&and&aquatic&biology&over&and&above&business&as&usual.&&Contact:+Adie+Collins+([email protected])&
!!
!++
+++
Figure+2&–&Dominant&robust&farm&types&across&England&and&Wales&
! 12!
Hampshire+Avon+DTC:+measureWscale+mitigation+monitoring+work++&
In&her&PhD&co>supervised&by&Adie&Collins&(Rothamsted&Research)&and&Ian&Foster/Naomi&Holmes&(University&of&Northampton),&Mattie&Biddulph&is&deploying&a&toolkit&of&methods&for&testing&the&efficacy&of&mitigation&options&that&were&installed&to&reduce&agricultural&pollution.&It&is&important&to&build&up&evidence&of&their&efficacy,&and&to&establish&the&most&cost,&time&and&labour&effective,&pragmatic&measure>scale&methods&for&doing&so.&&One&of&the&sites&is&in&Ebbesbourne&Wake,&an&ephemeral&chalk&stream.&Here,&a&well>established,&constructed&wetland&lies&directly&upstream&of&a&historical&pond&(Figures&3>5).&This&provides&a&unique&opportunity&to&test&the&effectiveness&of&both&measures&in&combination,&as&well&as&testing&their&efficacy&individually.&&&There&are&four&monitoring&locations&along&this&reach&(Figure&4).&The&first&being&upstream&of&both&mitigation&measures,&the&second&being&downstream&of&a&cluster&of&housing&with&identified&septic&tank&outflows,&the&third&is&downstream&of&the&wetland&and&the&final&site&is&located&downstream&of&the&pond,&therefore&both&measures&in&combination.&&&Monitoring&began&in&December&2012&and&finished&in&March&2015.&Long>term&observation&is&important,&due&to&clear&seasonal&changes&and&therefore&functionality&of&a&river&system&(Figure&3).&&At&each&of&the&four&locations,&a&time>integrated&sediment&trap&was&installed&to&collect&suspended&sediment,&and&bed&disturbance&experiments&were&
undertaken&to&collect&stored&bed&sediment&(Figure&3).&Sample&collection&performed&once&a&month,&with&the&exception&of&months&when&water&was¬&present&in&the&channel.&Water&Quality&measurements&using&a&multi>parameter&probe&were&also&carried&out&(temperature,&pH,&DO,&ORP,&
!Figure+4.&Site&plan&of&Ebbesbourne&Wake&(not&to&scale)&
!
!
!
Figure+3.&View&of&constructed&wetland&from&bridge&(Fig.&4).&Top:&January&2013,&middle:&June&2014,&bottom:&February&
! 13!
TDS,&EC).&Source&sampling&of&the&sub>catchment&has&been&completed&of&roads,&grassland&and&channel&banks.&
With& all& the& data& processed,& analysis& of& sediment& quantity& and& characteristics& will& help& to&determine& the& efficacy& of& the& wetland& and& pond& system& at& trapping& sediment& and& nutrients.&Source&sampling&will&also&enable&identification&of&point&sources&of&pollution.&&Contact:+Mattie+Biddulph&([email protected])&
Ecosystem+Function:+A+useful+tool+in+the+box+for+monitoring+changes+in+inWstream+health.+This&project&used&the&‘paired&catchment’&approach&to&study&the&consequences&of&different&stressors&to&in>stream&ecosystem&function&in&the&two&headwater&clay&sub>catchments&at&Priors&Farm&and&Cools&Cottage&in&the&Hampshire&Avon&DTC.&Observations&and&measurements&of&ecosystem&function&were&made&throughout&a&two&and&a&half&year&period&from&October&2011&to&May&2014.&They&identify&clear&differences&in&water&quality&and&ecosystem&function&in&the&two&sub>catchments&and&provide&a&robust&baseline&that&can&be&used&in&DTC&phase&2,&for&assessing&changes&following&on>farm&mitigation&works&installed&during&DTC&phase&1.&&The&pressures&on&the&two&reaches&highlighted&by&this&work&are:&&
Priors+Farm:++• Fine&sediment;&&• High&ammonia>N;&&• High&DOC;&&• High&P;&• Low&flow,&&
• Extremes&in&DO&concentration.& &&
• Cools+Cottage:++
• Fine&sediment;&&• High&nitrate.&
! ! !Figure+5.&Left:&bed&disturbance&sampling,&middle:&time>integrated&sediment&trap,&right:&historical&pond&
(view&from&bridge,&fig.&4).&
Filamentous&algae&and&sediment&accumulation&at&Priors&Farm&
Strip&grazing&and&the&build>up&of&sediments&at&the&headwaters&of&the&Cools&Cottage&reach&
! 14!
Consequences+for+leaf+litter+processing:&Macro>invertebrate&processing&of&allochthonous&material&(loss&of&leaf&litter&in&coarse&mesh&bags)&was&suppressed&in&the&Priors&Farm&reach&when&compared&to&the&Cools&Cottage&reach.&There&was&a¶llel&but&smaller&reduction&in&the&breakdown&of&leaf&litter&byµbial&action&(loss&of&leaf&litter&in&fine&mesh&bags).&A&combination&of&easily&accessible,&high&carbon&content&organic&matter&(both&particulate&and&dissolved)&and&differences&in&the¯o>invertebrate&community&structure&resulting&from&pulses&of&high&ammonia&and&low&dissolved&oxygen,&are&likely&to&have&contributed&to&this&drop&in&litter&processing,&leading&to&its&transport&to&downstream&reaches&where&there&is&potential&to&impact&on&a&range&of&habitats&including&those&used&by&spawning&fish.&
!Aerobic+metabolism:+In&situ&incubations&to&assess&community&primary&production&and&respiration,&using&changes&in&dissolved&oxygen&concentration&in&light&and&dark&chambers&over&24&hours,&show&consistently&higher&respiration&in&the&Priors&Farm&reach,&at&both&the&upstream&(PFUS)&and&downstream&(PFDS)&sites,&when&compared&to&Cools&Cottage(CCDS).&&By&contrast,&only&the&downstream&site&at&Priors&Farm&shows&significant&primary&production&using&this&method.&&+!
Anaerobic+processes+and+future+directions:+Comparing&ecosystem&function&in&the&two&River&Sem&sub>catchments&of&the&Hampshire&Avon&DTC&has&provided&some&key&areas&worthy&of&future&focus.&While&measures&of&ecosystem&function&are&a&relatively&new&approach&to&characterising&in>stream&health,&those&metrics&that&have&been&assessed,&typically&focus&on&aerobic&processes&such&as&primary&production,&aerobic&respiration&and&leaf&litter°radation&in&mesh&packs.&Problems&encountered&as&a&result&of&increases&in&fine&sediment&deposition&and&organic&load,&have&impacted&on&the&benthic&processes&that&are&recognised&as&making&a&substantial&contribution&to&overall&in>
0!
1!
2!
3!
4!
5!
leaf%loss%as%dry%mass%(g)%
Cool's!Cottage!Coarse! Priors!Farm!Coarse! Cool's!Cottage!Fine! Priors!Farm!Fine!
Seasonal!trends!in!leaf!litter!degradation!by!macroAinvertebrates!(coarse)!and!microbial!processes!(fine).!
A0.08!
A0.06!
A0.04!
A0.02!
0!
20.6.13! 20.8.13! 20.10.13! 20.12.13! 20.2.14! 20.4.14!
Δ%O
2%mg%cm
22%d21%
Respiration%
PFDS!dark! PFUS!dark! CCDS!dark!
A0.05!
0!
0.05!
0.1!
0.15!
20.6.13! 20.8.13! 20.10.13! 20.12.13! 20.2.14!
Primary%production%
PFDSGPP! PFUSGPP! CCDSGPP!
Aerobic&respiration&and&primary&production&measured&in&benthic&incubation&chambers&over&24&hours&
! 15!
stream&metabolism.&&Anaerobic&processes&contribute&to&the&transfer&of&greenhouse&gasses&(GHG)&across&the&sediment>water&interface,&and&thus&to&the&atmosphere.&Both&methane&and&nitrous&oxide&have&warming&potentials&that&far&exceed&that&of&carbon&dioxide&(28X&and&265X,&respectively).&Studies&of&GHG&accumulation&in&benthic&incubation&chambers&&identified,¬&only&the&prospect&of&an&increase&in&greenhouse&warming&potential&incurred&by&impacted&ecosystems,&but&also&the&possibility&of&a&significant&subsidy&to&primary&production&from&alternative&production&pathways&such&as&methanotrophy.&More&detailed,&process>specific&studies&are&needed&to&further&quantify&these&pathways&and&theirenvironmental&consequences.&+!
+In+summary,&in>stream&ecosystem&functional&metrics&in&the&two&streams&of&the&Hampshire&Avon&&DTC&reflect&differences&in&the&environmental&stressors&within&the&two&sub>catchments.&These&results&support&the&proposal&that&measuring&ecosystem&function&can&provide&a&sensitive&methodology,&integrated&in&both&time&and&space,&for&assessing&the&efficacy&of&the&farm&and&reach>scale&mitigation&strategies&employed&to&combat&water&pollution&from&agriculture.&+Contact:(Moragh!Stirling(([email protected])&&Expert+report+calls+for+long+term+planning+to+protect+UK+food+and+water+supplies+The&UK&needs&to&formulate&long>term&plans&to&protect&both&water&and&food&supplies&here&and&across&international&supply&chains,&as&water&usage&and&availability&change&in&coming&years.&That’s&the&conclusion&in&a&new&report&from&an&expert&group,&led&by&the&Global&Food&Security&programme&as&part&of&the&UK&Water&Research&and&Innovation&Partnership&(UKWRIP).&&Farming+and+Water:+Facing+the+Future+Together+(PDF+1.63Mb)+was&written&by&a&collaboration&of&scientists,&policy&experts&and&specialists&from&the&water&industry.&&Agriculture,&food&and&water&supplies&are&intimately&connected.&&As&demand&for&both&food&and&water&increases,&there&is&a&growing&need&to&recognise&the&inter>connections&and&integrate&long>term&planning&for&the&“agri>water”&system&rather&than&thinking&about&water&and&food&systems&
A8!
A4!
0!
4!
8!
12!
16!
July! March!April! May! June!
nitrous%oxide%transfer%%
(µg%m
222 %h
21)%
CCDS%
July! March!April! May! June!
PFUS%%
July! March!April! May! June!
PFDS%
Mean&N2O&accumulation&in&light&and&dark&chambers.&
A10!0!10!20!30!40!50!60!
July! March!April! May! June!
methane!transfer!!
(µg!mA2!hA1)!
CCDS%
July! March!April! May! June!
PFUS%
0!
500!
1000!
1500!
2000!
July! March!April!May! June!
PFDS%%
Mean&CH4&accumulation&in&light&and&dark&chambers&(Note&change&of&axis&scale&at&PFDS).&
! 16!
separately.&World&demand&for&food&is&expected&to&rise&by&60>100%&by&2050,&driven&by&a&growing&population&and&changing&diets&globally.&In&addition&climate&change&will&undermine&the&resilience&of&some&food&supply&chains.&Both&of&these&factors&are&likely&to&create&strong&pressure&on&UK&land&and&water&resources.&New&approaches&will&therefore&be&needed,&to&manage&land&appropriately&and&determine&trade>offs,&so&that&water,&food&and&environmental&systems&remain&sustainable&in&the&future.&&The&report&studies&the&links&between&water,&food&and&the&environment&and&includes&detailed&assessments&of:&• the&link&between&farming+and+the+availability+of+water+(PDF+2.13Mb)&• the&link&between&agriculture+and+water+quality+(PDF+2.11Mb)&• how&to&understand&and&manage&the&availability&of&overseas+water+(PDF+2.18)+which&has&been&
used&to+produce+the+food+we+import.&&The&authors&make&five&main&recommendations&for&policy&makers,&researchers&and&the&food&industry&
• Better&long&term&planning&for&changes&in&water&usage&and&availability&–&giving&equal&emphasis&to&trends&in&average&conditions,&and&the&extremes,&such&as&floods&and&droughts&–&in&the&future,&in&the&UK&and&in&our&overseas’&supply&chain.&&• Public&and&private&investment&to&identify&and&predict&risks&and&consequences&of&changes&in&water&usage&and&availability.&For&example,&supermarkets&increasingly&need&to&be&forward>looking&to&protect&their&supply&chains.&• Forming&a&knowledge&network&for&academics,&industry&and&policymakers&to&exchange&expertise&and&ideas,&identify&knowledge&gaps&and&act&as&a&hub&of&best&knowledge.&This&is&important&to&prevent&expertise&being&siloed&across§ors,&disciplines&and®ions.&&
• Empowering&farmers&to&make&the&best&decisions&to&improve&water&quality&and&availability&on&their&land&and&in&their&catchment,&through&building&peer>to>peer&networks&between&farms&and&other&stakeholders&within&an&area.&
• The&complexities&around&food&and&water&need&to&be&communicated,&to&improve&consumer&understanding&of&food&and&water.&&
The&vision&calls&for&aligned&planning&over&both&the&short&and&long&term,&a&greater&awareness&of&the&value&of&water&and&food&and&a&closing&of&knowledge&gaps&in&order&for&the&UK&food&and&water&systems&to&meet&the&demands&of&the&future&sustainably.&Read+more&and&access&the&links&separately&at:&&http://www.foodsecurity.ac.uk/news>events/news/2015/150323>planning>to>protect>uk>food>and>water.html&
…and%finally++
! 17!
+******+
First&Announcement!of#the#DTC#Conference!!!++
******&+ +
++++++++++++Demonstration+Test+Catchments:&Improving(water(quality(in(rural(areas(
Stoneleigh+Park,+Warwickshire+
10th+June+2015+
The&Demonstration&Test&Catchment&(DTC)&national&consortium&invites&you&to&attend&a&free&one>day&conference.&The&DTC&research&programme&develops,&tests&and&promotes&cost>effective&management&options&to&reduce&water&pollution&from&
agriculture&at&the&local&to&the&national&scale.&We&will&present&the&outcomes&of&the&programme&and&discuss&how&it&can&practically&best&fit&your&needs&and&benefit&from&
your&input.&
This&event&is&open&to&all,&from&farmers&to&environment&and&water&professionals,®ulators&and&policy&makers.&Discussions&will&include:&
&> Why&does&agricultural&pollution&differ&so&much&between&catchments?&
> Which&practical&solutions&can&we&implement&to&reduce&pollution&on&farms?&> Which&options&are&attractive&to&farmers&and&economically&sound?&
> How&can&DTC&support&farming,&catchment&management,&environmental®ulation&and&policy>making?&
&The&conference&will&be&FREE&and&will&have&a&limited&number&of&keynote&talks&with&emphasis&on&specialist&workshops&designed&to&showcase&the&findings&of&the&first&
phase&of&DTC!and&a&look&forward&to&the&next.&Plenary&speakers&to&include&&Prof&Ian&Boyd,&Defra&Chief&Scientific&Advisor,&&
Poul&Hovesen,&Farmer&of&the&Year&and&&Simon&Johnson,&Director,&Eden&Rivers&Trust.&
&To®ister&an&interest&and&also&suggest&ideas&for&workshops&and&discussion&topics&
please&contact&Deborah&Bellaby&at&[email protected],&tel&01524&593968&and&book&your&place.&
&&
![cels.org.arcels.org.ar/common/CELS - Newsletter (September 2015).docx · Web view[newsletter]September 2015 [newsletter] September 2015 September 2015 [newsletter] September 2015](https://static.fdocuments.us/doc/165x107/5b1d07b47f8b9a06758bbf53/celsorg-newsletter-september-2015docx-web-viewnewsletterseptember-2015.jpg)
