Dr. R.A. Bartholomew - Civil Air Patrol, New Jersey Wing1 Airports Important Terms (Quiz): ATC ...

Dr. R.A. Bartholomew - Civil Air Patrol, New Jersey Wing 1

AirportsAirports Important Terms (Quiz):

ATC

Beacon

Controlled Airport

Uncontrolled Airport

Control Tower

FAA

FSS (Flight Service Station)

Heading

Noise Abatement

Ramp

Runway

Runway Heading

Segmented Circle

Taxi

Taxiway

Tetrahedron

Traffic Pattern

Wind Direction Indicators


AirportsAirports

The Flight Profile The general profile followed by ALL airplane flights:

* indicated aircraft stopped

A - Preflight Inspection B - Taxi as directed C - STOP for final systems check D - Takeoff E - Climb as directed F - Cruise as filed G - Descent

H - Approach-to-Landing I - Landing J - STOP, then Taxi to

Parking as directed K - STOP, then follow

Shut Down procedures


AirportsAirports

Airport Traffic Patterns Airports have a pre-defined traffic pattern for arriving

and departing airplanes Separated arriving/departing airplanes for safety Allows Pilots to plan their approach/departure routes Will be similar, but not

identical at all controlled airports

Wind direction will require changes


AirportsAirports

Runway Markings VFR Runway - Centerline (single dashed),

and magnetic bearing markings only The ‘0’ on the end of the bearing is dropped Parallel runways add L (Left), C (Center),

and R (Right) to the numbers Non-Precision Instrument - as VFR,

+ Threshold markings Precision Instrument Runway -

all above, + Side Stripes, Touchdown Zone, Aiming Point,Unusable Portion, Addition Distance Markings Runway may only be visible at the

last moments before touchdown


AirportsAirports

Airport Signs Style, Color and Content in 6 categories:

Mandatory Signs - Runway Intersection - do not

cross without clearance

Location Signs - You are on Taxiway B

Direction Signs - Runway 22 this way

Information Signs - Boundary of Runway

Protected Area

Destination Signs - Terminal this way

Runway Distance Remaining Signs - 4000 feet

remaining

4-22

B

22

4

Term


AirportsAirports Airport Lighting

Controlled by ATC, FSS or a Timer mechanism

Runway Edge - Normal WHITE , but 2nd half are AMBER on Instrument Runways

Threshold - GREEN marks start of landing portion End of Runway - RED marks the end of the runway REIL - WHITE STROBE marks each side of threshold In Runway -

Touchdown Zone (TDZL) two rows of WHITE transverse light bars around the centerline

Runway Centerline (RCLS) WHITE flush, 50’ apart Taxiway Turnoff GREEN flush

Taxiway - Normally BLUE sometimes green centerline Beacons - Flashing colors identify airport type

Civilian = White/Green, Military = White/White/Green


AirportsAirports

Approach Lighting ALS (Approach Lighting System) - sequence of white lights

which seem to flow towards the runway threshold On Precision Instrument runways only

VASI (Visual Approach Slope Indicator) - system of lights, visible from 4 nm from the threshold which inform the pilot of above, on or below the correct glidepath for landing 2 bar & 3 bar VASI - RedRed and WhiteWhite combinations indicate

Above/On/Below slope Tri-Color VASI - AmberAmber=Above, GreenGreen=On, RedRed=Below slope PLASI (Pulsating Approach Slope Indicator) - Pulsating

WhiteWhite=Above, Steady WhiteWhite=On, RedRed=Slightly Below, Pulsating RedRed=Below slope

PAPI (Precision Approach Path Indicator) - RedRed and WhiteWhite combinations (left of runway) indicate Above/On/Below slope

Naval Aviators approaching a Carrier, ‘Fly the Ball’, another form on VASI


AirportsAirports Wind Direction Indicators

Wind Sock - orange cloth tapered tube which shows direction wind is FROM, and can indicate strength and gust conditions

Wind Tee - T shaped form which rotates freely and shows wind direction (points INTO wind)

Tetrahedron - Geometric form which rotates freely and shows wind direction (points INTO wind)

Segmented Circle - around wind indicator, may also include markers to show traffic pattern

Radio Communications at Airports At Controlled Airports, controllers ‘control’ aircraft by means of radio

communication, using specific frequencies and procedures The Phonetic Alphabet - shorthand standard for spelling out words

over a radio (we use the ICAO, and NATO standard) e.g. Semper Vigilans

– Sierra Echo Mike Papa Echo Romeo Victor India Golf India Lima Alpha November Sierra


Aeronautical ChartsAeronautical Charts Important Terms (Quiz):

Cartography

Chart

Fix

Latitude

Longitude

Legend

Line of Position (LOP)

Map

Nautical Mile (6076’)

Projection

Relief

Sectional

Scale

Statute Mile (5280’)

Tick

WAC (1:1,000,000)


Aeronautical ChartsAeronautical Charts

Aeronautical ‘maps’ are known as Sectional Charts They show a projection of the world using Lambert

Conformal Conic Projection Scale is 1:500,000 (1” = 8 statute miles)

Longitude and Latitude - a grid system used to define any position on a chart Latitude (parallels)

defines North-South from equator

Longitude (meridians) defines East-West from the Greenwich meridian


Aeronautical ChartsAeronautical Charts

Sectional Charts (for VFR) All same scale of 1:500,000 (1” on chart = 8 statute miles) US charts published every 6 months by NOAA (National

Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration) Expiry date shown on chart

Each chart covers 8° of longitude by 4° of latitude Each is named for a major city inside their area Normally they contain additional information for Major

Airports, including a more detailed (different scale) chart The cover shows the color scale for terrain elevation, and the

highest ground level in the chart’s coverage area Large arrows show North/South orientation Also describe Military Training Route (MTR) procedures Give a simple Feet/Meters conversion scale


Aeronautical ChartsAeronautical Charts The Legend and its Symbols

Legend shows all symbols used, and explains what they mean Try to learn some of the major Airport ones:

Airports are shown 4 different ways, depending on the length of the runway, and if they are paved or not

Also, Airports are also shown in 2 different colors: Magenta=uncontrolledBlue=controlled

A star above the airport means it has a nighttime beacon Airports are also shown with a ‘block of text’, such as:

– 2175 L 24 122.9– Which means, airport is 2175’ above sea level, it has lighting,

it has a runway of 2400’, and an aeronautical advisory radio service (UNICOM) is available on 122.9 Mhz

– You will also see ‘CT’ and another radio frequency for controlled airports

– Also controlled airspace types and navigation information


Aeronautical ChartsAeronautical Charts Airports Example:

What does the VFR sectional chart extract tell us about Nantucket Airport?

Now Try the Local Sectional

Dr. R.A. Bartholomew - Civil Air Patrol, New Jersey Wing1 Airports Important Terms (Quiz): ATC ...

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