DOMAIN EUKARYA: KINGDOM PLANTAE AND KINGDOM ANIMALIA

Class Notes 5:

I. Evolutionary Origins

A. Land plants evolved from green algae (protists)

B. Both are photosynthetic eukaryotes

II. Plant adaptations

Plants require different adaptations than algae since they live on land.

A.Pollen and seeds for reproductionB. Cuticles hold in moisture, while stomata can

open or close to retain or release moisture.

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C. Lignin is a special tissue that allows a plant to grow upright.

D. A vascular system acts as a pipeline to carry nutrients from roots to leaves.

III. Plant classification

A. Mosses 1. Live in moist environments2. No seeds3. No vascular system

B. Club mosses

1. Seedless2. Vascular3. Include ferns

C. Seedplants

1. Do not depend on water for reproduction since they have pollen and seeds

2. Include conifers and flowering plants

IV. Kingdom Animalia

A. The most physically diverse of all kingdoms. B. Multicellular heterotrophsC. Cells supported by collagenD. Animal are diploid and usually reproduce

sexually.

V. Animal phyla

A. Animals are placed into groups, or phyla, based on three criteria:1. Body plan symmetry (bilateral vs radial), tissue layers, developmental patterns

B. Animal phylogeny is being changed as new knowledge is gathered.

Summary

Why are plants and animals in domain Eukarya? What other two kingdoms are in this domain of life?