DNA Technology

DNA Technology/The New GeneticsFrankenstein to Frosted FlakesThe most basic level: finding genes and isolating themBasic Steps 1) Extract genomic DNA

2) Cut DNA with Restriction Enzymes

3) Separate DNA and Isolate desired DNA

4) Now What?Read order of A, T, G, and C

Compare with other organisms

Determine Amino Acid sequence of gene

Make More PCR

Recombine sequence in library

Genetic Recombinationa.k.a Gene CloningMixing organisms DNA WHY?

Transgenic organisms: Organisms with another organisms added to their genome

Transformation in Bacteria

Cloning of Organisms

Clones definition:

First cloned animal: Dolly

Clone a MouseWhy Cloning?Therapeutic Cloning Production of human embryos for inner cell mass (icm)

Production of transgenic cells (gene therapy)

Reproductive CloningCloning with the intent of producing a new organismSo are we just a big collection of our genes?Short answer, yes with an ifSingle genes control particular traits and diseases

Multiple genes acting together produce predictable ranges of phenotypes Long answer, no with a butEnvironment has a major effect on gene expression

The HGP detected 20,000 to 35,000 genes but we have over a million distinct proteins.what gives?How Genes WorkGenes must be controlled to work properly Lac Operon

Development and differentiation

Ethical Concerns:The Inner Cell Mass (ICM) of an embryo is the desired product for the study of stem cellsHarvesting of an ICM destroys an embryoNew technology: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSs) - trick a differentiated adult cell into becoming a pluripotent cell

So what does all this mean?We can already economically sequence a human genome.

These technologies present a huge variety of opportunities and dangers.

Your generation must be aware of these technologies as you will make the ultimate decisions about how these technologies are used.