Dietary fiber
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Transcript of Dietary fiber
Role of dietary fiber in treating and preventing
diabetes
H.M.C.P.K Herath
Introduction
• diabetes is a rapid growing public health issue• 347 million people worldwide are affected by
diabetes • Prevention and controlling diabetes is important.• Taking healthy diet is essential• In 1970s , Trowell suggested that dietary fiber may
play a role in diabetes. • More evidences to prove that dietary fiber can affect
in reducing diabetes risk.
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Dietary fiber
• Dietary fiber is
-highly complex substances
-human lack of enzymes to digest• Two types of dietary fiber
1.soluble – water soluble
eg: Inulin, pectin, bete-glucans
2.insoluble – water insoluble
eg: waxes, chitins, cellulose, hemicellulose
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Sources of dietary fiber
• Soluble fiber fruits(, plums,berries,banana,apple,pears
root tubers (sweet potato, onions)
Certain vegetables (broccoli, carrot)
Legumes (peas,soybean)
• Insoluble fiber
Whole grain foods
Wheat and corn bran
Legumes such as bean and peas
Nuts and seeds
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Health benefits of dietary fiber
high intakes of dietary fiber appear to be at significantly lower risk for developing
-diabetes
-coronary heart disease
-stroke
-hypertension
-obesity
-certain gastrointestinal diseases
-blood pressure
-serum cholesterol levels
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Diabetes Mellitus
• Diabetes is• Two types of diabetes
-type 1 diabetes
-type 2 diabetes
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Diabetes patients are in higher risk of
• heart disease and stroke
• As reduces the blood flow
nerve damages in feet
• Diabetes is among the leading causes of kidney failure • Diabetes can be cause of blindness
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Role of dietary fiber in treating and preventing diabetes
Blood glucose Plasma insulin Insulin sensitivity
High starch increases increases decreases
High fiber decreases No effect increases
• Fermentability
• Decreases subsequent hunger- weight management
• The dosage of insulin,
decreases by increasing fiber rich diet
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Soluble fiber
• Tend to slow the movement of food through the digestive system
• Dissolves to form a gel • Viscosity
-thickness of a solution
-resistance to flow• Thickens the inner layer of the intestine• Readily fermented in the colon into gases
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Soluble fiber reduces the rate of absorption of nutrients
The mechanism,• Dissolved soluble fiber traps nutrients inside its
gummy gel• Inside the gel, nutrients are less likely to reach the
wall of the intestine• So sugar is absorbed into the blood stream more
slowly.
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Insoluble fiber
• Tend to accelerate the movement of food through the digestive system.
• This provides a feeling of satiety, or fullness, which helps prevent overeating-
prevent over weight
• Lower fermentability
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Insoluble fiber helps to
• directly increase insulin sensitivity
-in healthy people
- in type 2 diabetes patients
- individuals with insulin resistance
• insoluble fiber associates in reducing diabetes risk
But the mechanism is not identified
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Glycemic index of food is important ina diabetes diet
foods with high glycemic index- digest and absorbs
quickly into the body
foods with low glycemic index – digest and absorbs
into the body more slowly
• diabetes patients should consume foods with low glycemic index
• Even though fiber is considered a complex carbohydrate, it does not raise blood glucose level.
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fiber intake
• high dietary fiber intake can be mainly obtained by increasing the consumption of legumes, fruits, vegetables and whole grain foods
• adults women should consume > 25 grams of dietary fiber per day
• Adult men should consume >38g of dietary fiber per day
• for children is that intake should equal age in years plus 5 g/day - Academy of nutrient and dietetics
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sdThank you