diagnostic tests&procedures.

7/29/2019 diagnostic tests&procedures.

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Cardiovascular System

Electrocardiography- noninvasive test

- graphical representation of the hearts electrical activity

- interpret EKG for changes

Holter Test Monitoring(Ambulatory EKG)- noninvasive test

- records the hearts electrical activity and cardiac events for 24 hours

- advise the patient on activity limitations while wearing monitor

Cardiac Catheterization- invasive, fluoroscopic procedure

- examines intracardiac structure, pressure, oxygenation and cardiac output.

- Note the patients allergies before testing

- Report immediately if with chest pain

Echocardiography- noninvasive test

- uses echoes from sound waves to visualize intracardiac structures and blood flow

- Determine the patients ability to lie still.

Stress Testing- noninvasive test

- study of the hearts electrical activity and ischemic events during levels of exercise.

- Light breakfast before the test

- STOP the test if patient develops cardiopulmonary symptoms

Respiratory System

Bronchoscopy- invasive test

- allows for visualization of the trachea and bronchial tree

- Check cough and gag reflex AFTER procedure


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Pulmonary Angiography- invasive test involving injection of radiopaque dye

- allows for radiographic examination of pulmonary circulation

-NOTE allergies to iodine, seafoods, and radiopaque dyes BEFORE test

Thoracentesis- invasive procedure using needle aspiration

- allows removal of pleural fluid and specimen examination

- PLACE the patient in proper position

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)- noninvasive test

- measures lung capacity

- Document bronchodilators or narcotics used before testing

Arterial Blood Gas analysis (ABG)- blood test

- arterial blood measurements of tissue oxygenation, ventilation and acid-base balance.

- APPLY pressure to the site 5 minutes after procedure

Lung Biopsy- invasive test

- removal of a small amount of lung tissue for histologic evaluation

- OBSERVE for signs of pneumothorax and air embolism after procedure

Nervous System

Electroencephalography (EEG)- noninvasive test

- graphic representation of the brains electrical activity

- WITHHOLD medications and caffeine 8 hours before the procedure

Cerebral Angiogram- invasive procedure using a radiopaque dye

- allows examination for the cerebral arteries

- NOTE patients allergies before the procedure


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Lumbar Puncture- invasive test

- collection of CSF for analysis

- CONTRAINDICATED in the presence of increased ICP

Gastrointestinal System

Upper GI Series (Barium Swallow)- allows for examination of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum and other portions of

the small bowel after swallowing.

- NPO for 8hours.

- BEFORE procedure, administer fluids, cathartics, and enema, as prescribed

- AFTER procedure drink Laxatives.

Lower GI Series (Barium Enema)- Allows for examination of the large intestine after administration of a barium enema

- NPO for 8hours.

- BEFORE procedure, withhold food

- AFTER procedure drink Laxatives.

Endoscopy- procedure using an endoscope for visualization of esophagus, stomach, duodenum,

ulceration or tumors.

- WITHHOLD food and fluids 6 to 12 hours before the test

Fecal Occult Blood Test- laboratory test using a reagent

- analysis of stool for blood

- ADVISE the patient to AVOID red meat, iron and high fiber for 1 to 3 days prior to the

procedure

Fecal Fat Test- laboratory test using a stain

- analysis of stool for fat

- ADVISE the patient to restrict alcohol intake and maintain a high-fat diet for 72 hours

before examination


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Cholangiography- invasive procedure using an injection of a radiopaque dye through a catheter

- allows for examination of the biliary duct system

- BEFORE hthe procedure, note the patients allergies

Liver Scan- invasive procedure using an IV injection of a radioisotope

- provides an image of blood flow in the liver

- Assess the patient for allergic reaction after the procedure

Gastric Analysis- aspiration of the contents of the stomach through an NG tube

- measures the acidity of gastric secretions

- Instruct NOT TO SMOKE for 8 to 12 hours before the test

Ultrasonography- noninvasive procedure that uses echoes from sound waves

- provides visualization of body organs

- WITHHOLD food and fluids for 8 to 12 hours before the procedure

Liver Biopsy- invasive procedure using needle for the percutaneous removal of a small amount of

liver tissue

- Before the test, assess clotting studies

- During the test, hold the breath

- After the test, Right lateral position

Urinary System

Urinalysis- laboratory test for urine

- examines the color, appearance, pH, specific gravity, protein, glucose, ketones, RBCs,

WBCs and casts

- OBTAIN first morning urine specimen


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Urine Culture and Sensitivity- laboratory test for urine

- detects bacteria

- Collect midstream sample in sterile container

24-hour Urine Collection- laboratory test for urine

- samples collected over 24 hours to determine kidney function

- instruct the patient to void and note time

- discard the first urine collected

Blood Chemistry- laboratory test of blood sample

- analysis for potassium, sodium, calcium, phosphorus, glucose, bicarbonate, BUN,

creatinine, protein, albumin, and osmolality

- check the site for bleeding

Cystoscopy- procedure using cystoscope to visualize the bladder

- Check the patients urine for blood clots after the procedure

Renal Angiography- procedure using injection of radiopaque dye through a catheter

- examination of the renal arterial supply

- NOTE the patients allergies before the procedure

Hematopoietic System

Bone Marrow Examination- percutaneous removal of bone marrow

- examines erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes, and precursor cells

- GIVE analgesics or anxiolytics, as ordered.

Shilling Test- administration of oral radioactive cyanocobalamin and I.M. cyanocobalamin

-microscopic examination of 24-hour urine sample of cyanocobalamin

- WITHHOLD food and fluids post HS

diagnostic tests&procedures.

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