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Cardiovascular System
Electrocardiography- noninvasive test
- graphical representation of the hearts electrical activity
- interpret EKG for changes
Holter Test Monitoring(Ambulatory EKG)- noninvasive test
- records the hearts electrical activity and cardiac events for 24 hours
- advise the patient on activity limitations while wearing monitor
Cardiac Catheterization- invasive, fluoroscopic procedure
- examines intracardiac structure, pressure, oxygenation and cardiac output.
- Note the patients allergies before testing
- Report immediately if with chest pain
Echocardiography- noninvasive test
- uses echoes from sound waves to visualize intracardiac structures and blood flow
- Determine the patients ability to lie still.
Stress Testing- noninvasive test
- study of the hearts electrical activity and ischemic events during levels of exercise.
- Light breakfast before the test
- STOP the test if patient develops cardiopulmonary symptoms
Respiratory System
Bronchoscopy- invasive test
- allows for visualization of the trachea and bronchial tree
- Check cough and gag reflex AFTER procedure
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Pulmonary Angiography- invasive test involving injection of radiopaque dye
- allows for radiographic examination of pulmonary circulation
-NOTE allergies to iodine, seafoods, and radiopaque dyes BEFORE test
Thoracentesis- invasive procedure using needle aspiration
- allows removal of pleural fluid and specimen examination
- PLACE the patient in proper position
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)- noninvasive test
- measures lung capacity
- Document bronchodilators or narcotics used before testing
Arterial Blood Gas analysis (ABG)- blood test
- arterial blood measurements of tissue oxygenation, ventilation and acid-base balance.
- APPLY pressure to the site 5 minutes after procedure
Lung Biopsy- invasive test
- removal of a small amount of lung tissue for histologic evaluation
- OBSERVE for signs of pneumothorax and air embolism after procedure
Nervous System
Electroencephalography (EEG)- noninvasive test
- graphic representation of the brains electrical activity
- WITHHOLD medications and caffeine 8 hours before the procedure
Cerebral Angiogram- invasive procedure using a radiopaque dye
- allows examination for the cerebral arteries
- NOTE patients allergies before the procedure
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Lumbar Puncture- invasive test
- collection of CSF for analysis
- CONTRAINDICATED in the presence of increased ICP
Gastrointestinal System
Upper GI Series (Barium Swallow)- allows for examination of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum and other portions of
the small bowel after swallowing.
- NPO for 8hours.
- BEFORE procedure, administer fluids, cathartics, and enema, as prescribed
- AFTER procedure drink Laxatives.
Lower GI Series (Barium Enema)- Allows for examination of the large intestine after administration of a barium enema
- NPO for 8hours.
- BEFORE procedure, withhold food
- AFTER procedure drink Laxatives.
Endoscopy- procedure using an endoscope for visualization of esophagus, stomach, duodenum,
ulceration or tumors.
- WITHHOLD food and fluids 6 to 12 hours before the test
Fecal Occult Blood Test- laboratory test using a reagent
- analysis of stool for blood
- ADVISE the patient to AVOID red meat, iron and high fiber for 1 to 3 days prior to the
procedure
Fecal Fat Test- laboratory test using a stain
- analysis of stool for fat
- ADVISE the patient to restrict alcohol intake and maintain a high-fat diet for 72 hours
before examination
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Cholangiography- invasive procedure using an injection of a radiopaque dye through a catheter
- allows for examination of the biliary duct system
- BEFORE hthe procedure, note the patients allergies
Liver Scan- invasive procedure using an IV injection of a radioisotope
- provides an image of blood flow in the liver
- Assess the patient for allergic reaction after the procedure
Gastric Analysis- aspiration of the contents of the stomach through an NG tube
- measures the acidity of gastric secretions
- Instruct NOT TO SMOKE for 8 to 12 hours before the test
Ultrasonography- noninvasive procedure that uses echoes from sound waves
- provides visualization of body organs
- WITHHOLD food and fluids for 8 to 12 hours before the procedure
Liver Biopsy- invasive procedure using needle for the percutaneous removal of a small amount of
liver tissue
- Before the test, assess clotting studies
- During the test, hold the breath
- After the test, Right lateral position
Urinary System
Urinalysis- laboratory test for urine
- examines the color, appearance, pH, specific gravity, protein, glucose, ketones, RBCs,
WBCs and casts
- OBTAIN first morning urine specimen
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Urine Culture and Sensitivity- laboratory test for urine
- detects bacteria
- Collect midstream sample in sterile container
24-hour Urine Collection- laboratory test for urine
- samples collected over 24 hours to determine kidney function
- instruct the patient to void and note time
- discard the first urine collected
Blood Chemistry- laboratory test of blood sample
- analysis for potassium, sodium, calcium, phosphorus, glucose, bicarbonate, BUN,
creatinine, protein, albumin, and osmolality
- check the site for bleeding
Cystoscopy- procedure using cystoscope to visualize the bladder
- Check the patients urine for blood clots after the procedure
Renal Angiography- procedure using injection of radiopaque dye through a catheter
- examination of the renal arterial supply
- NOTE the patients allergies before the procedure
Hematopoietic System
Bone Marrow Examination- percutaneous removal of bone marrow
- examines erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes, and precursor cells
- GIVE analgesics or anxiolytics, as ordered.
Shilling Test- administration of oral radioactive cyanocobalamin and I.M. cyanocobalamin
-microscopic examination of 24-hour urine sample of cyanocobalamin
- WITHHOLD food and fluids post HS
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