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© NACETEM 2010

NACETEM…Managing Technology for Sustainable Development

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NIGERIA’S STI SYSTEM: CURRENT STATUS,

CHALLENGES AND POLICY REVISION

Willie O. Siyanbola (PhD Sussex), FMSN, FSESN

Director-General/CEO, NACETEM

A Report Presented at the Regional Workshop on Capacity Building in STI Policy Reviews and S&T Statistics and Indicators for West Africa

Bamako, Mali, 10 – 13 May 2010

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NIGERIAN DELEGATION

• Willie O. Siyanbola – DG/CEO, NACETEM

• Dr Ijeoma Unaogu – Director, PRPA, FMST

• Dauda Abioye – PA to the PS, FMST• Titilayo Tijani - PRPA, FMST• David Adeyeye – Desk Officer, ASTII

Nigeria

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PRESENTATION OUTLINE• Nigeria’s Facts File

• Overview of Nigeria’s NIS

• Reform of the Nigeria’s NIS

– Major Challenges of STI System in Nigeria

• S&T Policy/S&T Policy Review

• Concluding Remarks

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Nigeria – Some fact fileNigeria – Some fact file•Political Independence: Political Independence: 19601960•Population: 140 million Population: 140 million (2007)(2007)•Land area 923,000 sq Land area 923,000 sq kmkm•Governance Structure: Governance Structure: Presidential SystemPresidential System•No of States: 36 + FCTNo of States: 36 + FCT

EconomyEconomy

•6th largest oil producer 6th largest oil producer (OPEC)(OPEC)•GDP per capita: US$ GDP per capita: US$ 26602660•Literacy: 70.7%Literacy: 70.7%•Telecom Subscribers: Telecom Subscribers: 74m (2009)74m (2009)•Tele-density: 42% Tele-density: 42% (2009)(2009)•External reserves: External reserves: US$41bUS$41b•Consumer Inflation: Consumer Inflation: 11.8%11.8%•Graduate Graduate Unemployment: 35-40% Unemployment: 35-40% (2005)(2005)

Nigeria

A BRIEF ABOUT NIGERIA

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NIGERIA’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM

(NIS)

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NIS: ADOPTED DEFINITION

The NIS is The NIS is “the network of “the network of institutions in the public and institutions in the public and private sectors whose activities private sectors whose activities and interactions initiate, import, and interactions initiate, import, modify and diffuse new modify and diffuse new technologies.”technologies.” (Freeman, 1987)(Freeman, 1987)

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Industrial Industrial

ProductionProduction

EducationEducationandand

ResearchResearch

FinanceFinance

Venture Fund

Policy Instruments

Policy InstrumentsPolicy Instruments

Venture Fund

Brokerage, Interface, Bridging Institutions

GovernmentGovernment

Policy Instruments

Industrial Industrial

ProductionProduction

EducationEducationandand

ResearchResearch

FinanceFinance

Venture Fund

Policy Instruments

Policy InstrumentsPolicy Instruments

Venture Fund

Brokerage, Interface, Bridging Institutions

GovernmentGovernment

Policy Instruments

Adapted from Tiffin,1997Adapted from Tiffin,1997

Structure Structure of of

InteractionInteractions s

Among Among ElementsElements

of NISof NIS

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ELEMENTS OF NIGERIA’S NIS

• Funding• Bank of Industry (BOI)• Nigeria Agricultural, Cooperative and Rural Development Bank (NACRDB)• Micro Finance Banks• Government Agencies• Development Partners?

• Industry• Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (MAN)• NACCIMA• National Association of Small and Medium Scale Entrepreneurs (NASME)• Small and Medium Industries Equity Investment Scheme (SMEIS): The

Informal Sector

• Education and Research• Research institutes• Universities• Polytechnics/Monotechnics

• Policy and Regulations• Government (Federal & States)• FMST (Agencies)

• Diaspora (???)

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• 104 Universities • 66 Polytechnics• 52 Monotechnics• About 75 Research Institutes

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HEIs AND RIs: CURRENT STATUS

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UNIVERSITIES (94)

POLYTECHNICS (58) / MONOTECHNICS(48)

COLLEGES OF EDUCATION (79)

KEY

SOKOTOKATSINA JIGAWA

ZAMFARA KANO

BAUCHI GOMBE

YOBEBORNO

ADAMAWA

PLATEAU

TARABA

KEBBI

NIGER

FCT

KOGI

BENUE

EBONYI

ENUGUEDOONDO

OSUN

EKITI

KWARA

OYO

OGUN

KADUNA

DELTA

BAYELSA RIVERSA/BOM

IMO

ABIA


ZAMFARA KANO

BAUCHI GOMBE

YOBEBORNO

ADAMAWA

TARABA

KEBBI

NIGER

FCT

KOGI

BENUE

EBONYI

EDOONDO

OSUN

EKITI

KWARA

OYO

OGUN

LAGOS

KADUNA

BAYELSA RIVERSA/BOM

IMO

ABIAAN

AM

BR

A


ZAMFARA KANO

BAUCHI GOMBE

YOBEBORNO

ADAMAWA

TARABA

KEBBI

NIGER

FCT

KOGIBENUE

EBONYI

EDOONDO

OSUN

EKITI

KWARA

OYO

OGUN

KADUNA

BAYELSA RIVERSA/BOM

IMO

ABIAAN

AM

BR

A

4 3

9

5

2

5

4 7

1

23

12

3

8

4

15

25

9

7

11

21

124

12

26

9 811

5

7

62 5

13

9

6

3

4

RESEARCH INSTITUTES (68)

DISTRIBUTION OF HEIs AND RIs IN NIGERIA

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DEPARTMENTS

STATE S&T MINISTRIES

FEC

PRESIDENCY

NIGERIA S&T MGT STRUCTURE

FMST

NATIONAL ASSEMBLY

21RESEARCH AGENCIES AND PARASTATALS

NCST

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MAIN INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN S&T POLICY IN NIGERIA• The Federal Ministry of Science and

Technology (FMST)• National Council on S&T• National Assembly Committees on S&T• States Ministries and Houses of

Assemblies• Research institutes and academia• National Planning Commission (???)• National Centre for Technology

Management(NACETEM)

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REFORM OF NIGERIA’S NIS

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WHY REFORM? • Lack of policy implementation and

continuity• Weak STI Support Infrastructure• Under-Funding of Research Activities in

Nigerian Universities/Allied Institutions• Poor Motivation of Scientists and

Engineers• Inadequate manpower (number/quality)• Weak Linkage between Research

centres/universities and Productive Sector

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BACKGROUND TO REFORM OF STI SYSTEM

• President Olusegun Obasanjo, in 1999, requested UNESCO for a Special Cooperation Programme between Nigeria and UNESCO.

• The reform of Nigeria’s STI system was the major element of the science component of the FMST-UNESCO Programme

• The aim of the reform is mainstreaming the utilization of S&T in national economic and development policy.

• Funding for the FMST-UNESCO Programme (USD 1m)– Japanese Government (USD 500,000)– Nigerian Government (USD 500,000)

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OUTCOME OF THE STI SYSTEM REFORM

• A thorough review of all of the “functions” of Nigeria’s National System of Innovation.

• A program of in-depth reviews of STI programs in government institutes and research universities;

• Development of a proposal for a financing system for science and technology in Nigeria;

• A review of the needs for STI in Nigeria’s private sector in the light of increasing globalization;

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OUTCOME OF THE STI SYSTEM REFORM• A human resource development program in STI

management;• A program on development and management of

STI indicators, and communication systems for science;

• A program to strengthen Nigeria’s infrastructure in the area of standards and metrology;

• A review of the country’s system for the protection of intellectual property; and

• A review of Nigeria’s participation in regional and international scientific activities.

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REVIEW OF THE NATIONAL POLICY

ON S&T

18Utilizing STI for Development (c) 2010 W. O. Siyanbola [email protected]

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HISTORY OF NIGERIA’S S&T POLICY

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• The first National Science and Technology Policy in Nigeria was produced in 1986 under the leadership of Prof. E. U. Emovon

• The second policy was produced in 1997 under the leadership of the HMST, Major-General Sam. I. Momah

• Another attempt was made in 2000/2001 under the leadership of the HMST, Prof. Turner T. Isoun. – Led to a compilation of sub-sectoral S&T policies in 2003

• The Review of the National S&T Policy has been assigned to NACETEM’s as a key project since 2009 (on-going).

• Revised version expected to be ready by September, 2010

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NIGERIA’S S&T POLICY REVIEW: WHY?

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• The present policy has been existing since 1997 and therefore needs to be reviewed.

• There has not been any systematic performance evaluation of the extant S&T policy.

• Urgent need to Integrate the lessons/outcomes of the S&T reform in a revised policy

• There is a need to harmonize S&T policy with the national economic policy and strategy; now dubbed as the Vision 20:2020

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CURRENT STATUS OF S&T POLICY IN NIGERIA

• The last S&T Policy was reviewed in 1997

• There was no legal framework for the 1997 policy

• 2003 S&T policy was a compilation of key sub-sectoral policies

• Efforts by FMST (through NACETEM) to review the 1997 policy now on-going

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POLICY REVIEW: MAIN ACTIVITIES

• Lessons learnt from other countries

• Sensitisation workshop among key stakeholders in Lagos and Abuja.

• performance evaluation of the existing S&T policy.

• Harmonization of the new policy with other sectors’ policy by convening a stakeholders’ meeting of the elements of the National Innovation System (NIS).

• Presentation of the new policy to the National Assembly/ FEC for approval

• Enactment of the policy into law.

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POLICY REVIEW: KEY PARAMETERS

1. Policy Process - Invitees, Awareness, medium of awareness, Adequacy,

Acceptance, Adoption, equity, Literacy, relevancy and Priorities, suitability of environment

2. Institutional Frameworks - established institutions to implement policy, capabilities,

Technological assessment, capabilities3. Funding / Investment in S&T - Source of funding, Utilization of Fund Given, Infrastructure

development, HRD, capital Productivity4. Policy Environment - The effects of environmental factors on S&T 5. Policy Implementation Process - Policy Implementation in sectors / organisations and nation at

large 4. Impact of the policy

- sectoral impact, citizens, economy etc. 23

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CONCLUDING REMARKS: BEYOND THE REFORM

• Establishment of the National Research and Development Coordinating Council (NRDCC)

• Establishment of the National Science and Technology Fund (NSTF) to adequately support R&D in Nigeria

• Strengthening of the FMST to coordinate, monitor and evaluate performance of key S&T institutions/policy

• Stable STI Policy/implementation24

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BRIEF ON NACETEM• Capacity Building & Policy Studies in STI

Mgt– 120 full time staff– 7 PhDs in S&T Management/Policy– Over 25 Associate Resource persons from

Universities & Captains of Industry

• 4 Zonal offices (2 others to be established) spread across the country

• Institutional collaborations: UNU MERIT, SPRU etc.

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PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE (COMPLETED IN 2010)

Front View of Admin Block

Side View of Admin Block

Front View of 500-Seater Auditorium

Interior View of 500-Seater Auditorium

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