DCB Buyers and Application Guide

7/31/2019 DCB Buyers and Application Guide

1/40

Compact air insulated HV switchgear solutions with

Disconnecting Circuit Breaker

Buyers and Application Guide


2/40

Compact air insulated switchgear solutions Buyers and Application Guide

Contents

Table o contents

Introduction 3

Abbreviations 4

Defnitions 5

Switchgear specifcation 6

Availability 9

Switchgear single line philosophy 13

Design 17

Standards and testing 25

Environmental aspects 27

Substation design 29

Cost optimizing 34

Processes and support 35

Inquiring and ordering 37

Protection and control 39


3/40


Introduction

Compact air insulated HV switchgear with

Disconnecting Circuit Breakers

ABB has a century-long experience o building substations or high voltage

systems. In time with developing, designing and manuacturing o all vitalswitchgear apparatus also the switchgear design has been improved through

the years.

One important step in the switchgear design during the latest years is that

ABBs well known high perormance circuit breakers now also are available as

Disconnecting Circuit Breakers. This means that the disconnecting unction is

included in the circuit breaker and no separate disconnectors are necessary. By

this move it is now possible to build substations with minimized need o mainte-

nance and space, low ailure rate, increased saety and low Lie Cycle Cost, i.e.

Compact Air Insulated Switchgear.

Product rangeThe disconnecting unction is included in the breaking chamber.

Disconnecting Circuit Breaker, DCB, can be delivered as separate apparatus

or included in deliveries o complete switchgear bays.

Rated voltage

kV

Design Rated current

A

Short-circuit current

kA

- 7.5DCB only 500 - 4000 1.5 - 40

Complete Bay 000 - 150 1.5 - 40

84 - 145DCB only 500 - 4000 1.5 - 40

Complete Bay 000 - 150 1.5 - 40

170 - 00 DCB only 150 - 4000 1.5 - 40Complete Bay 000 - 150 1.5 - 6

60 - 40 DCB only 150 - 4000 1.5 - 40

Switchgear assembliesDCB use a circuit breaker support structure, on which also grounding switch

and current transormer can be mounted. Further more a complete actory

made busbar structure, with necessary primary electrical connections can be

included.

Line Entrance Module

A separate structure called Line Entrance Module, LEM, is avai lable orsupporting apparatus, which not are suitable to be erected on the circuit

breaker structure. The breaker structure together with a LEM, are normally

the only structures needed to house the HV-apparatus in a switchgear bay,

built with DCB.


4/40

4 Compact air insulated switchgear solutions Buyers and Application Guide

Abbreviations

Abbreviations

In this document abbreviations according to the list below are used.

CB Circuit Breaker

DCB Disconnecting Circuit BreakerDS Disconnecting Switch

ES Earthing Switch/Grounding Switch

SA Surge Arrester

CT Current Transormer

CVT Capacitor Voltage Transormer

VT Voltage Transormer

PI Post Insulator

BB Busbar

PT Power Transormer

AIS Air Insulated Switchgear

GIS Gas Insulated Switchgear

SF6 Sulphur hexa Fluoride gas

OHL Over Head Line

CL Cable Line

SLD Single Line Diagram

LEM Line Entrance Module

CCC Central Control Cabinet

MDF Manual Disconnecting Facility

IED Intelligent Electronic Device

MV Medium Voltage

HV High Voltage

S/S Substation


5/40

5Compact air insulated switchgear solutions Buyers and Application Guide

Defnitions

Defnitions

Special defnitions used in this document.For denitions in general see IEC 60050.

Disconnecting Circuit Breaker Circuit Breaker with integrated disconnectorunction.

Interlocking o unintentional operation and

blocking o closing unction is integrated.

Line Entrance Module Structure or supporting one or more switch-

gear apparatus such as Voltage Transormer,

Surge Arrester and Grounding Switch.

Manual Disconnection Facility A acility or manual disconnection o an

apparatus, i.e. DCB or CT, in case o ailure

or or maintenance. Opening a bolted pre-

dened connection normally perorms the

disconnection.

Substation availability The probability that power is available at a

certain dened point.

Substation unavailability Time when power not is available at a dened

point in the substation.

Intelligent Electronic Device Unit equipped with a processor used or pro-

tection and control o electrical systems.

Symbols

In this document symbols as below are used in Sinle Line Diagrams.Legend

Circuit Breaker

Disconnector

Disconnecting Circuit Breaker

Withdrawable Circuit Breaker

Voltage Transormer

Current Transormer

Surge Arrester

Earthing Switch

Portabel Earthing Point

Cable End


6/40


Switchgear specifcation


A complete Switchgear specication contains among other parts, specication

o the primary electric apparatus and systems.

Optimization o overall costs is a necessary measure in the deregulated en-

ergy market. The optimization o substations and their development is an objec-

tive continuously pursued by ABB. The ocus is set on unctional requirements,

reliability and cost over the total lie cycle.

Apparatus specifcationThe conventional way is to in detail speciy all the equipment and the substation

scheme. All apparatus are specied with quantity and data. Also the scheme,

which oten is based on traditional thinking, is xed. In this case the asset owner

get equipment which is exactly what he wants to have and what he is used to

buy. This way o speciying the equipment normally gives no alternatives to pro-

pose other solutions with better perormance to lower the Live Cycle Cost.To open up or other solutions sometimes a clause saying that bidder are ree

to propose other equipment, is added to the inquiry.

Functional specifcationThe main task or a substation is to transer power in a controlled way and to

make it possible to make necessary switching/connections in the grid. Thereby

another way o speciying the equipment when planning a new plant or reurbish

an old, can be to make a unctional specication.

In this case the bidder is ree to propose the best solution taking in account all

the possibilities that can be gained by using the best technique and the latestdeveloped apparatus and systems, in combination with the requirements set up

or the substation and the network.

For example, basic requirements in a unctional specication can be:

Number and type o system connections

System electrical data

Energy and transer path through the system

Unavailability related costs

Based on the unctional specication ABB oten can propose an alternative

solution, which gives better perormance to considerable lower costs.

To back up the decision-making, availability calculations, lie cycle cost calcu-

lations, environmental infuence report etc. can be provided by ABB.

As the supplier takes a greater part o the design, it is important that all sur-

rounding questions as scope o supply, demands rom authorities, special

design conditions etc. are known in the beginning o the project.


7/40



Example o apparatus specifcation

Inquiry:Please quote or apparatus or a 1 kV switchgear in 5 bays according to specication and enclosed

single line diagram:

5 High Voltage Circuit Breaker 145 kV, 150 A, 1.5 kA1 Motor operated Disconnector 145 kV, 000 A, 1.5 kA with integrated

motor operated Earthing Switch

6 Current Transormer 145 kV, 400/5/5/5/5 A. Core data

9 Current Transormer 145 kV, 000/5/5/5/5 A. Core data

1 Voltage Transormer 145 kV, 1000//110/110/V. Core data...

1 Surge Arrester 1 kV

The suppliers will quote or their best prices or the apparatus and the customer

can pick apparatus with the lowest price rom dierent suppliers. The customer will

hence have a cost optimized set o apparatus.

132 kV, 2000 A, 31.5 kA

Line 1 T1 T2 Line 2 Bus coupler


8/40


Example o unctional specifcation

Inquiry:Please quote or one 1 kV switchgear with incoming lines and transormer eeders.

An existing line shall be cut up and connected to the substation.

Maximum energy transer through the substation is 10 MVA.Power can fow in either direction. Maximum Ik 1 kA.

Transormer data 1/11 kV, 40 MVA, Uk = 8%

Planned maintenance can be done in low load periods but one o the transormers must

always be in service.

In this case ABB will quote a solution with Disconnecting Circuit Breakers, which

will give an optimized total cost. The customer will have a quotation o complete

switchgear with a minimum o apparatus and high availability.

The SLD shows a solution with Disconnecting Circuit Breakers.


Line 1 T1 Sectionalizer T2 Line 2

132 kV, 2000 A, 31.5 kA


9/40


Availability

Availability

Availability can be dened as: The probability that power is available in a certain

point in the network.

It is o course all substation operators goal to have highest possible availability

or the equipment, i.e. to keep the unavailability as low as possible.

The power path through the substation can be divided in three main compo-

nents: line, power transormer and switchgear. The line and the power transormer

need a comparable big lot o maintenance and are the dominating cause or

outages in radial S/S o single line and single transormer design. In this case the

maintenance o switchgear equipment is o secondary importance. However, i

power can be supplied rom more than one direction and distributed via parallel

transormers, the unavailability or these parts are almost zero and the overall avail-

ability is dominated by the switchgear equipment.

Apparatus unavailability dataOut o international statistics and manuacturers experiences, ABB has compiled a

set o data to be used or unavailability calculations.

Important ndings during this work were that the ailure and maintenance rate or

circuit breakers had improved during the last 50 years, while the same or discon-

necting switches stayed on the same level. This is illustrated in the gure below.

Further more it was ound that the unavailability due to maintenance was a power

o ten higher than that or ailure. Collecting o ailure statistics and dening o un-

availability data is an ongoing process and the calculating base may be subjected

to changes in the uture.

Failureandmaintenancerate

Bulk Oil Breakers

Air blast Breakers

Disconnectors withopen contacts

Minimum Oil Breakers

SF6 Circuit Breakers

1950 2000


10/40


Data table or ailure and maintenanceTypical interval between maintenance or a modern SF6 CB is now set to 15 years

while the interval or a disconnector still is 5 years.

The typical ailure rate or a CB is 0.5 ailures/100 years and or a DS 0.0

ailures/100 years. (Note that / o the CB-ailures normally are reerred to the

secondary system while the DS ailures mostly are to be considered as primaryailures).

More detailed inormation is ound in the table below.

Availability

Failure Maintenance Failure Maintenance

Frequency Rep. time Frequency Interr. time Frequency Rep. time Frequency Interr. time

1/year h 1/year h 1/year h 1/year h

CB 145 0.00667 8 0.0666667 10 SA 145 0,0004000 0,0000000 0

CB 45 0,0071 1 0,0666667 10 SA 45 0,00000 0,0000000 0

CB 40 0,0040000 16 0,0666667 SA 40 0,006000 0,0000000 0

DS 145 0,00160 8 0,000000 4 BB 145 0,0077000 0,0000000 0

DS 45 0,0017 10 0,000000 4 BB 45 0,015000 0,0000000 0

DS 40 0,005000 10 0,000000 8 BB 40 0,006000 0,0000000 0

ES 145 0,0005000 4 0,0000000 0 WCB 145 0,007567 0,0666667 4

ES 45 0,0005500 4 0,0000000 0 WCB 45 0,00 0,000000 6

ES 40 0,000000 8 0,0000000 0 WCB 40 0,00558 0,000000 1

PT 145 0,0504000 7 0,500000 WCB 145FC 0,0001600 0,0000000 0

PT 45 0,04000 7 0,500000 60 WCB 45FC 0,00017 0,0000000 0

PT 40 0,0505000 7 0,500000 100 WCB 40FC 0,000500 0,0000000 0

CT 145 0,0004000 6 0,0000000 0 DCB 145 0,00667 0,0666667 10

CT 45 0,001000 6 0,0000000 0 DCB 45 0,0071 0,0666667 10

CT 40 0,0014000 8 0,0000000 0 DCB 40 0,0040000 0,0666667

VT 145 0,0009000 6 0,0000000 0 Line 145 0,0157680 0,000080 48

VT 45 0,0016000 6 0,0000000 0 Line 45 0,0157680 0,000080 48

VT 40 0,0007000 8 0,0000000 0 Line 40 0,0157680 0,000080 48


11/40


Availability

Unavailability calculationComputer sotware or unavailability calculations is available within ABB. This

makes it possible to compare the unavailability time and requency or dierent

substation solutions.

It is easily ound that switchgear schemes containing disconnectors in most

cases gives a higher unavailability time and requency compared to those whereconventional disconnectors are replaced by Disconnecting Circuit Breakers.

Using the ABB sotware and the compiled data set, availability calculations or

the two SLD below gives the results shown in the diagrams. The theoretical aver-

age outages in minutes/year are shown.

Three cases are considered:

- Parallel transormers The transormers are eeding the same Medium Volt-

age busbar and the calculated simultaneously outage

o both is shown.

- Single transormer The outage or each transormer is shown.

- Through going The outage or through going load on the line is

shown.

Traditional switchgear with Disconnectors and Circuit Breakers

Switchgear with Disconnecting Circuit Breakers

132 kV

Line Transformer Transformer Line

132 kV

Line Transformer Transformer Line


12/40


Availability

The calculated result is shown in the diagrams:


13/40


Switchgear single line philosophy


When designing a new substation a lot o considerations have to be taken. One

o those is the Single Line Diagram (SLD). When elaborating the SLD the main

goals are to create a solution, which gives highest possible saety or the sta and

optimal service security. Many actors such as the load, the surrounding powernetwork, eects o power loss, reliability and maintenance need or apparatus etc.

are infuencing the nal decision.

Traditional approachBy tradition the most important aspect has been to isolate the circuit breaker in a

system or maintenance or repairing. Examples o traditional SLD are shown below.

Common or these is that the circuit breaker easily can be isolated without aect-

ing the power fow in the busbar and, when bypass DS or transer bus is used, not

either in the actual load.

On the other hand, i a CB in such a system ails to open, all the bus bars have to

be deenergized beore the CB can be isolated.

Furthermore even the disconnectors had to be maintained and to make that

possible without taken the complete S/S out o service, double bus bars were

introduced. I.e. the main reason or double bus bar systems is to allow DS mainte-

nance.

Single bus Single bus

bypass DS

Double bus Single bus +

transfer bus

Double bus +

transfer bus


14/40


New possibilitiesAs earlier shown under chapter Availability, modern SF6 CBs have better main-

tenance and ailure perormance than DSs. That means that the traditional way

o building S/S with many busbar systems and DSs rather decrease the avail-

ability than increase it. Taking only above into consideration the best way to

increase the availability is to delete all DS and only use CBs. However, due tosaety aspects a disconnector unction is necessary. In a Disconnecting Circuit

Breaker this disconnection unction is integrated in the circuit breaker and it is

then possible to design DS ree S/S solutions.

DCB is suitable to be used in systems as:

Single busbar system

Sectionalized single busbar system

Double bus bar/double breaker system

Ring bus system

Breaker and a hal system

I double bus bar or transer bus system is a demand it can preerably be re-

placed by a double busbar/double breaker system.

Single busbarSingle busbar is the least complicated system. It can preerably be used in

smaller switchgear with single line eeding. The availability rate is almost similar

to that or the line.



15/40



H-confguration/Sectionalized single busbarH-conguration/Sectionalized single bus is used or smaller distribution S/S.

With incoming lines and transormers, the probability that power is available

on the MV bus is very high. For a distribution S/S a sectionalized single bus has

better perormance than a conventional double bus bar system.

Double busbar/Double breakerDouble busbar/double breaker system has the best perormance regarding

availability and service conditions. As no DS are used there is no need or a

bus coupler. By installing CTs in both CB branches all breakers in the S/S can

normally be closed. I a ailure appears in a line or busbar only the aected CBs

are tripped.


16/40



Ring busRing bus is suitable or smaller S/S up to 6 objects. The availability perormance

is very good as each object can be ed rom two directions. The disadvantage

contra sectionalized single bus is that the busbar system is more complicated

which need more space and aects the overview.

Breaker and a halBreaker and a hal system is used or bigger transmission and primary distribu-

tion S/S. Dierent ways o connecting the transormers are used. The availability

rate is high as each object normally are ed rom two directions. One disadvan-

tage is that i one busbar is out o service, the two objects are connected to the

other bus via one CB.


17/40


Design

Design

Disconnecting Circuit BreakerThe Disconnecting Circuit Breaker is based on ABBs well known circuit

breakers LTB D and HPL B. The basic circuit breaker unctions or a DCB are

exactly the same as or a CB. The circuit breakers are described in the Live TankCircuit Breaker, Buyers Guide, 1HSM 954 -00.

The additional eature or a DCB is that it is also approved as a disconnector.

That means, when the CB is open, the normal CB contact set ullls all DS re-

quirements. I.e. the part o the CB which not is connected to the busbar is dis-

connected.

As the disconnecting unction is inside the breaking chamber, there is no visible

opening distance.

Locking o CB

It is o most importance that the CB remains in open/disconnected position whenit is used as DS.

Because o that, the DCB is equipped with a mechanical locking device which

operates directly on that shat which moves the CB main contacts. When the

mechanical locking is activated, it is impossible to close the breaker. Even i the

closing latch o the CB accidentally opens the CB will stay in position.

This locking device is operated by a motor unit, which allows remote operation.

Electrical data: 110 VDC 4 A L/R = 4 ms

Auxiliary contactsThe motor unit is also equipped with auxiliary contacts or interlocking and indica-

tion purposes. The standard setup contains 5 contacts NO and 5 contacts NC in

open position and also 5 contacts NO and 5 contacts NC in closed position.


The locking device is prepared or manual operation but this is intended to be

used only in emergency situations.

When the locking is activated a padlock can be applied. The padlock mechani-

cally prevents moving o the locking device,

The position o the locking device is rmly indicated on the on the unit.

The type designation or the Locking device is AD100.

Three phase operated CBs has one common locking device or the three phases

while single phase operated CBs has one locking device or each phase.

Operating o the locking device can be considered as a conventional disconnec-

tor operation.


18/40


Design

Locking device, AD100, 145 kV DCB

The disconnecting circuit breaker is

locked in open position. The sign indicates

blocked.

Blocking activated and padlock applied.

Manual operation of blocking device.


19/40


Design

Earthing switch (Grounding switch)As there is no earthed part between live and disconnected contacts on a DCB,

it is important to lead any eventual creepage current to earth just to secure that

the disconnected part not will attain voltage. Because o that the DCB system

shall be equipped with an earthing switch. For single busbar applications this

earthing switch is erected on the same structure as the DCB and the xed con-tacts are placed on the connection fange.

In systems where the object is ed rom two directions, e.g. double busbar/

double breaker or breaker and hal systems, it can be more practical to place

the earthing switch in the common connection point, separated rom the DCBs.

The ES is placed outside the breaking chamber and the position o the earth-

ing blades can clearly be seen rom outside. I.e. you dont have to come close

to live apparatus to look through a peep-hole to see the position. This is an

important saety eature as the disconnection unction not is visible.

For security reasons the operation o the ES shall be done remotely and

hence it is equipped with a motor operated device, type designed AD50.This device operates, via a linkage system, the earthing blades o the ES. Indi-

cation labels on the operation device shows the position.

Electrical data: Motor 450W

Heater 5 W

Earthing switch in unearthed position. Earthing switch in earthed position.


20/40


Auxiliary contacts

Auxiliary contacts or interlockings and external indicators are available. The

standard setup contains 5 contacts NO and 5 contacts NC in open position

and also 5 contacts NO and 5 contacts NC in closed position.


Three phase operated ES has one common operating device or the three

phases while single phase ES has one operating device or each pole.

The ES operating device is prepared or manual operation but this is intended

to be used only in emergency situations.

When the ES is closed a padlock can be applied. The padlock mechanically

prevents moving o the ES,

Design


21/40


Design

Electrical interlockingBesides the mechanical locking o an open DCB, electrical interlockings shall be

applied as:

DCB closed Locking inactivated and interlocked

Earthing switch open and interlocked

DCB open and locking not activated DCB can be operated

Locking device can be operated

Earthing switch operation interlocked

DCB open and locking activated Earthing switch can be operated

DCB operation interlocked

Earthing switch closed Locking operation interlocked

DCB operation interlocked

Earthing switch open and locking not

activated

DCB can be operated

Earthing switch operation interlocked

Earthing switch open and lockingactivated

DCB open and interlocked

Earthing switch can be operated

Principles of the electrical interlocking system

Closing CB

Operating AD100

Operating AD350

Circuit Breaker

AD100

Locking device

AD350

Earthing switch

M

M


22/40


Design

Operation sequenceInterlocking status

Activity Order Indica-

tion

Result Electrical

interlocking

Mechanical

interlocking

Local/

Remote

Padlocking

Connect Close Closed 1 Breaker closed AD100 open

AD50 open

AD100 open

AD50 open

Remote

Open Open Open 0 Breaker open AD100 open

AD50 open

AD100 open

AD50 open

Remote

Disconnect Disconnect Blocked 1 Breaker blocked AD100 closed

AD50 open

AD100 closed

AD50 open

Remote

Earth Earth Earthed 1 Earthing switch closed AD100 closed

AD50 closed

AD100 closed

AD50 closed

Remote

Secure the

disconnection

Local Padlock the breaker in

open position

Secure the

earthing

Local Padlock the earthing switch

in closed position


23/40


Design

Composite insulatorsFor a DCB it is important to keep the creepage current over the isolation distance

on a low level and because o that composite insulators are used. The creepage

current over a composite insulator is considerable lower than over a porcelain

insulator during all pollution and weather conditions.

Further more; i a composite insulator explodes due to internal overpressureor external damage, it will only open up without scattering o material. This is an

extremely important property which increases the saety or sta and equipment.

More inormation about composite insulators can be ound in the brochure High

Voltage Products with composite insulators, 1HSM 954 01-06.

Manual disconnecting acilitySometimes it can be practical to disconnect a unit rom the bus bar or the line

during maintenance or repairing. This is not a special demand or solutions with

DCB but it has been emphasized as a tool to urther decrease the unavailability

rate.A Manual Disconnecting Facility, MDF, is an aid which makes it possible to dis-

connect and connect apparatus in a controlled and quick way. The work is so ar

intended to be done under voltage ree and maintenance earthed conditions.

The MDF consist o standard clamps and a wire or tube. The connection points

or the MDF are arranged so that when MDF is removed, there are necessary

saety distances between the disconnected apparatus and the bus bar or line.

Thus the bus bar and line can be reconnected to power during the maintenance

or repair work o the apparatus.

Operating an MDF or a three phase unit is intended to take less than hours.

Note that an MDF is not to be compared with a Disconnector as it is mainte-nance ree and is intended to be used only in rare occasions.


24/40


Steel structureSteel structures or DCB, line entrance

module and switchgear assemblies

are made o hot dip galvanized steel.

Dimensions are adapted to the de-

mands or mechanical endurance andelectrical saety distances specied in

applicable IEC standard.

Necessary connection points or

earthing grid are drilled in the structure.

For 7.5 145 kV the steel structure or the DCB also

can house the current transormers. For 45 kV and above the CTs are

placed on a separate structure.

A complete unit containing DCB, ES, CT, CVT and SA on the same structure

is available or 7.5 kV

Line Entrance ModuleApparatus which not can be erected together with the DCB must have there

own structure. For that purpose a line entrance module is available. The LEM

can be equipped with CVT, ES and SA.

Switchgear assembliesFor switchgear up to 00 kV pre-designed complete bus bar systems with sup-

port structure and primary connections are available.

Hence it is possible to order complete actory made switchgear bays.

Seismic withstand capabilityThere are many zones in the world where earthquakes may occur, and where

the equipment should be designed to withstand the corresponding stresses.

To demonstrate the earthquake withstands capabilities ABB makes tests and

calculations or the dierent apparatus and applications.

For seismic withstand capability please reer to Buyers Guide or respective

apparatus.

Design

Line Entrance Module


25/40


Standards and testing

Applicable standards

Disconnecting Circuit BreakerThe applicable standard or DCB is IEC 671-108. (High-voltage alternating

current disconnecting circuit-breakers or rated voltages o 7.5 kV and above)

This standard basically reers to the standard or Circuit breakers,

IEC 671-100 and or Disconnectors, IEC 671-10.

That means that a DCB ullls all normative demands or a CB as well as or a

DS.

In addition to that, IEC 671-108 provides how to interlock and secure a

DCB against unintended operation as well as how to test the DCB to show the

isolation perormance ater long time in service.

Other switchgear apparatusAll switchgear apparatus as Voltage Transormers, Current Transormers and

Surge Arresters are tested according applicable standards. The apparatus are

described in actual Buyers Guide as:

Outdoor Instrument Transormers 1HSM 954 4-00

Surge Arresters 1HSM 954 1-00

Type tests

All apparatus have passed type tests according to applicable standards. For

urther inormation reer to Buyers Guide according to above.

Selected specimens o complete switchgear bays have been type tested in

order to veriy the design.

DCB Combined unction test (IEC 671-108)

The DCB shall ulll the dielectric requirements or the isolating distance not

only in new condition but also ater long time service. Thereore the dielectric

withstand across the isolating distance shall be demonstrated ater a mechani-

cal operation test as well as ater the specied short-circuit test duty.

Type test reports are available both as summary o type tests and as com-

plete type test reports. The reports are distributed on request.


26/40


Standards and testing

Routine testing

The applicable standards or the dierent unctions in a switchgear bay also

describe the Routine Test procedure. Additional non-specied tests could also

be perormed i ABB nd it necessary to ensure sae and perect operation.

Thus the Routine Test procedures or included apparatus are described in the

Buyers Guide or each apparatus as:

Outdoor Instrument Transormers 1HSM 954 4-00

Live Tank Circuit Breakers 1HSM 954 -00

Routine testing o switchgear bay assembliesBy practical reasons it is not possible to erect a complete bay in a workshop.

Thereore applicable routine testing is perormed ater erection at site.

Quality control

ABB AB, High Voltage Products in Ludvika

has an advanced quality management sys-

tem or development, design, manuactur-

ing, testing, sales and ater sales service as

well as or environmental standards, and is

certied by Bureau Veritas Certication or

ISO9001 and ISO14001.


27/40


Environmental aspects


We in ABB have a clear direction to decrease the environmental stresses

caused by systems and apparatus designed and delivered by us. Thus we are

approved according to environmental management systems ISO 14001 and

ISO 1405.

Thereore during the development o DCB and systems based on DCB the

environmental aspects always have been in the centre.

SF6 gas - Live tank Circuit breakersDCB is based on ABBs SF6 lled live tank circuit breakers.

SF6 is a gas with outstanding isolating and extinguishing qualities and is

or the time being the only technical and commercial alternative or HV CBs.

However. SF6 has the drawback that it contributes to the greenhouseect and

must thereore be handled with caution. First o all the used amount must be

kept as low as possible, and that is the case or ABBs live tank breakers, which

e.g. contains only about 6 kg or a 145 kV CB. Then the leakage rate has to be

minimized. IEC allows a leakage o maximum 0.5% per year which is ullled

with good margins. Laboratory tests have shown leakage rates less than 0.1%

or ABBs live tank circuit breakers. Hence, the low volume together with the

low leakage rate causes outstanding low SF6 stress.

Further more ABB has well described routines how to handle SF6 rom pro-

duction o the CB till taking it out o service.

Use o raw material

As the number o primary apparatus is decreased compared to conventionalsolutions, the total use o raw material is reduced signicantly. This reers to all

kind o material which normally is used in switchgear apparatus as: steel, alumi-

num, copper, plastic, oil etc.

Number o oundations - use o concreteSwitchgear based on DCB need much less oundations than conventional

switchgear as the number o primary apparatus is less. Also the system where

apparatus can be mounted on shared structures minimizes the number o oun-

dations. Typical a DCB based S/S needs 50% less oundations than a conven-

tional.


28/40


TransportsTransports are considered as a big contributor to the negative environmental

infuence.

The DCB system will o course reduce that part as the less use o material

and the decreased number o apparatus implies less transports.

LossesAll apparatus and connections between apparatus cause energy losses.

Example calculations have shown that the additional losses, during a 40 year

period, in a conventional 145 kV bay compared to a bay based on the DCB

system is in the range o 100 MWh. (As an intellectual experiment you can

compare the cost or these losses with the cost or the DCB system).



29/40


Substation design

Substation design

Planning o a new S/S includes a lot o disciplines. In this document we will only

touch those which are related to the dierence between using DCB and con-

ventional equipment.

Single line diagramFactors infuencing the SLD are the grid, the load, uture extensions, unavailabil-

ity aspects, costs, site etc.

By using DCB, complicated busbar systems can be avoided. This acilitates

the switchgear design and allows solutions with highest availability rate and best

overview to optimized cost.

SpecifcationThe SLD is base or the specication which can be a complete apparatus speci-

cation or a unctional specication.An apparatus specication has the advantage that the projector exactly speci-

es what he wants and he will get equal quotations rom all bidders.

A unctional specication opens up or the bidder to propose other ideas re-

garding apparatus and systems and the bidder can sometimes quote more cost

eective solutions.

Anyhow it is important that the inquiry allows the bidder to quote or alterna-

tives to that specied in the specication, without being disqualied.

Switchgear Specifcation Manager

Irrespective o the way o speciying, the customer/projector may want to givetechnical requirements and data or the apparatus.

For this purpose a computer based tool, called Switchgear Specication

Manager (SSM), is available by ABB. Contact your local ABB representative or

urther inormation.


30/40


Saety distancesIEC and other standards prescribe distances in switchgear. Those standard val-

ues can sometimes be strengthened by the customer due to local conditions.

Special attention must be paid to the distance To nearest live part also called

section clearance. This distance must be established between all live parts and

the place in the switchgear where work shall be perormed.

Distance in mm according to IEC

7.5 kV 145 kV 45 kV 40 kV

Lowest insulator base to earth 50 50 50 50

Earth and lowest live part 000 770 4780 5480

Between phases 1050 100 100 400

Phase to earth 60 100 100 400

Transport way prole 700 150 50 0

To nearest live part 000 70 480 4980

Maintenance earthingWhen working in switchgear all metallic parts o apparatus or other parts, which

shall be touched, must be connected to earth. This can be done either by xed

earthing switches or by portable earthing devices. Connection terminals or

portable earthing devices are oten preinstalled.

Substation design


31/40


Substation design

X

Part which can be live

Terminal for portable earthing device

Earth blade

When installing the portable earthing connection terminals, it is important to

consider all possible live parts and place the terminals so that the connection othe earthing device can be done in a sae way. See example distance X in the

gure above.

X is dependent on voltage level and type o earthing device.

WARNING!

All work related to the circuit breaker shall be made with disconnected and

earthed conductors. Follow all regulations and rules stated by international and

national saety regulations.


32/40


Substation design

Switchgear layoutABB has the possibility to at short notice produce a layout proposal or DCB

solutions, based on precongured building blocks. This early layout can be the

base to nd the best and nal layout or the project.

The example below shows a switchgear or 145 kV with sectionalized single

bus bar system, two lines and two transormers.

Extension o existing substationThe dierent way to build a HV Switchgear bay with DCB compared to the tra-

ditional way with disconnectors makes the concept very useul when extending

existing substations.

The disconnector ree layout gives small dimensions or the extension. Very

oten it is possible to replace one existing bay with two new based on DCB

The solution depends on the new load, existing bus bar system and space at

site.

Single bus bars are preerably extended just with a new bay with DCB instead

o CB and DS.

A double bus bar can be extended as double breaker system with DCB.

Transer bus system and system with bypass disconnector are preerably

extended as a single bus system with just one DCB.

A46000

6000

A

C

B B

C

Section A-A Section B-B Section C-C

90009000


33/40


Substation design

Extension of traditional double bus bar system

Extension of transfer bus system

Replacing o apparatusIt sometimes can be necessary to replace switching apparatus in existing

switchgear apparatus by apparatus, but or some reason the same type is not

available or suitable.

Even in this case DCB can be a good solution. In single bus bar systems one

DCB replaces the conventional setup o CB and DS. In a double bus bar sys-

tem the three (two) DS and the CB are replaced by a double breaker solutionwith two DCB. Transer bus and bypass DS systems are preerably treated as

single bus systems and thus the DS and CB are replaced only by one DCB.

Due to the low ailure and maintenance rates or DCB, unavailability calcula-

tions can prove that the bay has a considerable lower unavailability rate ater the

reurbishing with DCB than what should be the case i a replacement apparatus

by apparatus had been made.


34/40


Cost optimizing

Cost optimizing

By omitting disconnectors when using DCB in the switchgear, the substation

can be built much smaller and more cost eective.

The space saving can be in the range o 0 to 50 %. All cost connected to

planning, design, building, maintenance and service are lower due to less num-

ber o apparatus and partly pre designed solutions.

In the table you can put your own gures and make a cost comparison or

your actual project.

DCB Conventional

Foundations

Civil work

Primary connections

Connection tubes/wires

Auxiliary cabling

Erection and comissioning

Design and planning

Project management

Primary apparatus

Busbar system

Failure and maintenance

Other

Total

The chart below shows a cost comparison between a conventional solution and

DCB. The example contains a ve bay single bus bar distribution substation.

Conventional DCB

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Primary apparatus

Failure and maintenanceBusbar and connections

Civil work and sitework

Design and planning


35/40


Processes and support


Design supportABB has a long experience in substation design and can support in all stages

and to dierent extent due to demands or actual project.

Thus all cases rom turn key to single apparatus delivery are supported.

For DCB solutions we have the possibility to create a layout proposal together

with a SLD to be used or quotations and or early discussions regarding replac-

ing traditional solutions with DCB.

Even i the delivery is limited to loose apparatus, some switchgear design sup-

port as switchgear layout, oundation plan, and support structure design can be

supplied.

Delivery processesThe circuit breaker organization is process-oriented with ocus on deliveries

to customers. The process is continuously optimized with respect to time and

quality.

Sales & order handling

In order to assure that the deliveries ullll the requirements in the purchase

order (P.O.) special attention is ocused on:

Assuring the handover o the P.O. rom the sales to the order department.

Order clarication, assuring the particular tasks o order, order design, pur-

chasing and production departments.

Possible order modications.

The tools to monitor the orders are continuously improved in order to give ourcustomers the best possible service.

Supply management and purchasing

The circuit breaker unit has well dened processes or selection and approval o

suppliers.

Special attention is addressed to audits at the suppliers plant, the manuactur-

ing, Inspection and Test Plan (ITP) and the On Time Delivery (OTD) monitoring.

The suppliers are evaluated at regular intervals with respect to quality and

ODT.

Production and assembly

All employees are trained and certied with respect to their responsibilities.

Inspections and test plans together with inspection records and control cards

have been prepared or all circuit breakers in order to assure that all activities

and the assembly are perormed according to the specication.


36/40



Service and sparesThe circuit breaker unit takes care o the customers requirements with respect to

service and spare parts. Certied traveling service engineers are available at the plant

in Ludvika. Also, in order to be able to assist our customers as ast as possible, local

service centers are established in several parts o the world.

Research & DevelopmentThe R&D process is utilizing a project management model with well-dened

gates in order to assure that all customer requirements and technical issues are

addressed.

Erection and commissioningErection and commissioning is a part o ABBs engagements or turn key and

complete switchgear deliveries. Even or other scope o delivery and or loose

DCB deliveries ABB can take the responsibility or erection and commissioning.

Please include erection and commissioning in your inquiry.

In case o emergencies a 4-hour telephone support is availablephone: +46 70 50550.

By calling this number customers will get in touch with one o our representatives or

immediate consultancy and action planning.


37/40


Inquiring and ordering

Disconnecting Circuit Breakers

The Switchgear Specication Manager (SSM) documents can preerably be

used as enclosure to the inquiry or specication o DCB.Otherwise, as a minimum the ollowing inormation is required and can copied,

lled in and sent along with your inquiry.

PROJECT DATA

End customer

Name o project

Standard / Customer specication

Number o circuit breakers

Delivery time

APPLICATION

Line

Transormer

Reactor banks

Capacitor banks

Other service duty

Number o operations per year

SYSTEM PARAMETERS

Rated voltage

Rated requency

Rated normal current

Maximum breaking current

LIWL (Lightning impulse 1./50 s)

SIWL (Switching impulse 5/500 s, or

Um00 kV)

Power requency withstand voltage

Grounded / Ungrounded neutral

AMBIENT CONDITIONS

Ambient temperature (max - min)

Altitude (m.a.s.l.)

Earthquake withstand requirements

Inquiring and ordering Disconnecting Circuit Breakers


38/40


Enquiring and Ordering Disconnecting- and Withdrawable Circuit Breakers

BASIC MECHANICAL PARAMETERS

Three-pole / Single-pole operation

Type o high voltage terminal (IEC/NEMA/DIN)

Minimum creepage distance mm or mm/kV

Phase distance (center-to-center)

Support structure (height)

OPTIONAL MECHANICAL

PARAMETERS

Bursting discs

Bracket or CT

Primary connections CB CT

Manual trip

DATA FOR OPERATING MECHANISM

Control voltage (Coils and relays)

Motor voltage

AC-voltage (heaters, etc.)

Number o ree auxiliary contacts

Special requirements

ACCESSORIES

SF6 gas or pressurizing

Gas lling equipmentControlled Switching (Switchsync)

Condition monitoring (OLM)

Test equipment- SA10- Programma

Tools

Spare parts


39/40


Protection and control

Protection and control IEDs

ABB Substation Automation Products has an outstanding experience o IEDs

or Protection and Control systems in substations or distribution, subtransmis-

sion and transmission networks.

IEDs or Distribution SwitchgearFor Standard Distribution Switchgear, ABB Substation Automation Products can

provide Ready to connect IEDs which give cost eective solutions or protec-

tion, control and monitoring o overhead lines, cables and power transormers.

The IEDs are described on a CD with ordering number 1 MRK 0010-AA.

Description o the IEDs Distance protection IEDs or main or back-up protection in solidly or high im-

pedance earthed systems.

Full scheme distance, overcurrent, residual overcurrent and voltage protectionare examples o included protection unctions.

Synchro-check and energizing-check, autorecloser, disturbance/event record-

er and ault locator are examples o included control and monitoring unctions.

Overcurrent and earth ault protection IED or back-up protection in solidly or

high impedance earthed systems.

Non-directional and directional overcurrent and residual overcurrent protec-

tion, voltage and breaker protection are examples o included protection unc-

tions.

Autorecloser, event and trip value recorder are examples o included control

and monitoring unctions.

Transormer protection IEDs or power transormers connected to ring bus,

double breaker bus or 1 breaker bus with solidly or high impedance earthed

neutral points.

Transormer dierential, overcurrent, earth ault, thermal overload d voltage

protection are examples o included protection unctions.

Voltage regulation by controlling the on-load tap changer position, distur-

bance and event recorder are examples o included control and monitoring

unctions.

These pre-congured IEDs are easy to order, contribute to reduced engineering

time and give ecient commissioning.

Enquires and orders must be sent directly to ABB Substation Automation

through your local ABB representative.


40/40

ABB AB

High Voltage Products

SE-771 80 LUDVIKA, Sweden

Tel. +46 (0)40 78 0 00

Fax. +46 (0)40 78 6 50

E-mail: [email protected]

NOTE! ABB Power Technologies AB is working to continuously improve the products.

Thereore we reserve the right to change design, dimensions and data without prior notice.

Copyright007ABB.Allrightsreserved.1HSM9

54-0enEdition1,0

07-06,DCBBuyersandApplicationGuide

DCB Buyers and Application Guide

Documents

Transcript of DCB Buyers and Application Guide