Date Entry Page10/5 HUMAN BODY NOTES 32-37

MONDAY 10/5/2015

AGENDA:1. Opening: GRADES FINAL AT END OF DAY

- HUMAN BODY INTRO VIDEO

2. Worktime: BOSS SET UP- BEGIN HUMAN BODY NOTES

3. Closing : DISCUSS HOMEOSTASIS AND HOW IT RELATES TO SYSTEMS

4. Wrap Up: DON’T LOSE SYSTEM CUTOUTS!!!!- RETESTS DURING LUNCH (LAST DAY!!!!!)

Learning TARGET: I will identify the main functions of the systems of the human organism.

PAGES IN BOSS:

Body Systems Notes

Learning Goal: I will identify the main functions of the systems of the human organism.

This is what your notebook will look like when finished.

Things to notice:• Two body systems will go on a

page (each takes up ½ of the page)• The body systems' name is

highlighted and boxed to make it stand out on the page.

• The picture will be glued on the far right or left side.

• For every body system, you will need to record the function, organs, and other body systems that it interacts with.

• These section titles will need to be in a different color to make it stand out on the page from the notes. (for example, these are written in purple)

• The major organs for each system will be labeled on the picture itself and then described in the notes portion.

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Body System Notes

1. Circulatory (Cardiovascular) System

2. Respiratory System

3. Muscular System

4. Skeletal System

Set up your notebook as shown below for ALL 10 body systems.The names of the first four systems are found here. You will need to go to

the next few slides to see the remaining body systems 5-11.

32 33

5. Digestive System

6. Endocrine System

7. Excretory (Urinary) System

8. Integumentary System

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9. Nervous System

10. Reproductive System

11. Immune System

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Body System Notes

1. Circulatory (Cardiovascular) System

2. Respiratory System

3. Muscular System

4. Skeletal System

For EACH system, you will need to have:• Function• Organs

• System interacts with… • Picture- Fold this in ½ to create flaps

Only write ONE part at a time.

For example, write the whole Circulatory System’s function (shown on the next few slides) before you write the word ORGANS in order to

ensure you have enough space.

Function:

Write the word Function

Circulatory (Cardiovascular)

System

Circulate = to move

Write these word parts (shown in white) above/next to this system name

Cardio = heart

Glue your picture in on the left side of the page.Label it as shown.

FUNCTION:Delivery system that moves oxygen and

nutrients TO the body's cells, and

carries AWAY carbon dioxide and waste

materials.

Organs of the Circulatory System• Heart • Blood • Blood Vessels:

– Arteries: carry blood AWAY from the heart– Veins: carry blood INTO the heart – Capillaries: connect arteries and veins

http://hes.ucf.k12.pa.us/gclaypo/circdia.html

•Carry blood away from the heart

•Have strong, muscular walls

•The inner layer is very smooth so that the blood can flow easily

Arteries Read Only

Veins• Carry blood to the heart• Transport waste-rich/ oxygen-poor blood

back to the lungs and heart • Valves inside the veins make blood move

in one direction

http://hes.ucf.k12.pa.us/gclaypo/circdia.html

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Capillaries• Only one cell thick (very small size)• Connect arteries & veins• Food and oxygen released to the body

cells • Carbon dioxide and other waste products

returned to the bloodstream

http://sln.fi.edu/biosci/systems/circulation.html

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The Circulatory System acts as a delivery system to carry and deliver oxygen and nutrients to the body’s

cells and in return, picks up carbon dioxide and wastes to be removed from the body.

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Interacts with:

Respiratory, Digestive, Excretory, and Nervous Systems

Respiratory System

Respire = to breathe

Glue your picture in on the right side of the page.

Label it as shown.

Function of the respiratory system

• Gas exchange: delivering oxygen to the body (inhale) and removing carbon dioxide from the body (exhale).– Gases are carried within the blood.

http://mhln.com

•The diaphragm is the muscle under the lungs.

•It contracts and relaxes to moves gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) in and out of the lungs.

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http://www.bbc.co.uk

Organs: Nose, mouth, trachea (windpipe), lungs, diaphragm (muscle

below lungs), alveoli (where gas exchange occurs)

• Circulatory, Excretory, and Nervous Systems

Interacts with:

Muscular System

Glue your picture in on the left side of the page.

Label it as shown.

Muscular SystemFunction:

Helps the body MOVE and maintain posture.

Bones and joints have no power to move on their own.

They are connected to muscles to provide movement.

There are more than 600 muscles in the body

– 35–40% of body mass is muscle.

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Skeletal muscle movements are results of pairs of muscles working together.

– One muscle contracts while the other muscle relaxes.

– Muscles always pull; they never push.

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Two Groups of Muscles

1. Voluntary—muscles you can control.Ex: Arms, legs, hands, face

2. Involuntary—muscles you can’t control; move automaticallyEx: Cardiac (heart) muscles, stomach, intestines

In = not

Write this information below function.

Organs:

Muscles:– Skeletal muscles (muscles attached to bones)– Smooth muscles (muscles that most organs are

made out of)– Cardiac muscle (heart muscle)

Three Types of Muscle Tissue

1. Skeletal MuscleAttached to the bones by tendons– Tendons—thick bands that pull on

the bone as the muscle contracts

VoluntaryContract quickly, tire easilyMost numerous in bodyLooks striped (striated)

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Three Types of Muscle Tissue (cont.)

2. Smooth MuscleInvoluntaryFound in many organs: walls of stomach, intestine, uterus, etc.Contracts and relaxes slowlyNo striations

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Three Types of Muscle Tissue (cont.)

3. Cardiac MuscleOnly found in heartInvoluntaryHas striationsContracts 70 times per minute (heartbeat)

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Skeletal, Circulatory and Digestive Systems

Interacts with…

Muscular System

Skeletal System

Skeletal System

Glue your picture in on the right side of the page.Label it as shown.

1. Bones are the framework for the body providing its shape

2. Provides protection to internal organs (ribs, skull)

3. Production (creation) of red blood cells

3 Main Functions of Skeletal System

1. Major skeletal muscles of the body are attached to the bones.

2. Blood cells are created in red bone marrow of some bones.

3. Skeleton is a place where major quantities of calcium and phosphorus compounds are stored.

ALL Functions of Skeletal SystemRead Only

Each bone in your body is a living organ, made of different tissues. Cells in bones take in food and use energy.

The adult skeleton has 206 bones (baby has 270). As the baby grows, bones fuse (join) together resulting in a decreased total amount of bones.

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Organs of the Skeletal System• Bones• Ligaments (connect BONE to BONE to form joints)

• Joints (location where two bones meet)

• Tendons (connect BONE to MUSCLE)

JointsAny place where two or more bones meet (BONE to BONE)

Ligaments: tough bands of tissue that hold bones together at the joints

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Tendons

Flexible connective tissue that connects MUSCLE to BONE

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Interacts with:

• Muscular and Nervous Systems

Digestive System

Glue your picture in on the left side of the page.Label it as shown.

Main function of the Digestive System

Breaks down food into smaller pieces to convert food into essential nutrients that are absorbed into the body

Functions of the Digestive System

1. Ingestion = Food enters the mouth.

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Functions of the Digestive System

1. Ingestion = Food enters the mouth.

2. Digestion = Process that breaks food down into small molecules

a) Mechanical digestion = Food is chewed and churned.

b) Chemical digestion = Breaks down large food molecules into smaller molecules to be absorbed by cells

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Functions of the Digestive System

1. Ingestion = Food enters the mouth.

2. Digestion = Process that breaks food down into small molecules

3. Absorption = Small molecules of food (energy) are

moved into the body cells.

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Functions of the Digestive System

1. Ingestion = Food enters the mouth.

2. Digestion = Process that breaks food down into small molecules

3. Absorption = Small molecules of food are taken into the body cells.

4. Elimination = Wastes made of unabsorbed food molecules move out of the body.

Large Intestine

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Main organs of the Digestive System

Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small and

large intestines

Rectum Anus

Digestive System works closely with...

Circulatory System

Endocrine System

Glue your picture in on the right side of the page.

Label it as shown.

Function of the Endocrine SystemGlands release hormones (chemical messengers) into the bloodstream which control body functions such as growth, reproduction, and metabolism.

Organs involved in the Endocrine System

• Glands:– Pituitary– Thyroid– Adrenal (kidney)

• Hormones (chemical messengers)

Pituitary

Pituitary

The pituitary gland produces a growth hormone which controls growth and homeostasis.

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Parathyroid

Parathyroid

The parathyroid gland produces parathormone which controls calcium levels in the body.

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Adrenals

Adrenals Adrenals

The adrenal glands produce adrenaline in response to physical and emotional stress. Fight or Flight

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Thyroid

Thyroid

The thyroid gland produces thyroxin to regulate metabolism.

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Pancreas

Pancreas

The pancreas produces insulin which controls sugar levels in the blood.

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Testes (in males)

Testes

The testes produce testosterone used in sperm production and the development of male traits.

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Ovaries (in Females)

Ovaries

The ovaries produce estrogen used in egg production and the development of female traits.

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Interacts with:

• Reproductive and Nervous Systems

Excretory(Urinary) System

Ex = Exit

Glue your picture in on the left side of the page.Label it as shown.

The following slides are going to be discussing the Urinary System which describes how liquid wastes are filtered out of our bodies.

– This system is a synonym for and is often referred to as the Excretory System which means Waste System. Other wastes, besides urine, are produced in the body such as carbon dioxide (part of the respiratory system), sweat and oil (part of the integumentary system), and solid wastes (part of the digestive system).

– For our purposes (in class and on formatives and summatives) we will be referring to this system as the excretory system NOT the urinary system.

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Main function of Excretory System

Kidneys FILTER (clean) blood to remove liquid wastes (urine)

• Controls blood volume by removing extra water produced by cells

• Balances salts and water so cells can function properly

Additional Excretory functions Read Only

Main organs of the Excretory (Urinary) System

• Kidneys (filter the blood)

• Ureter (transport wastes from kidneys to bladder)

• Bladder (holds urine)

• Urethra (excretes urine)

Organs of the Excretory System

• Kidneys = filter blood that has collected wastes from cells– Nephrons = mini filters

inside the kidneys– Produce urine

(sterile waste fluid, 96% water)

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Organs of the Excretory System

• Ureters = tubes that lead from each kidney to bladder

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Organs of the Excretory System

• Urinary bladder = muscular organ that holds urine

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Organs of the Excretory System

• Urethra = tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body

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Interacts with:

• Circulatory, Respiratory, Integumentary Systems

Integumentary System

Integument = a covering

The name is derived from the Latin integumentum, which means “a covering.”

The skin, considered the largest human organ, covers the body.

This box is Read Only

Glue your picture in on the right side of the page.

Label it as shown.

Integumentary System

Functions include:1. Protection from germs, bacteria, and other foreign substances outside of the body

2. Regulates (controls) body temperature (sweating and goose bumps)

3. Sensory reception (skin has touch sensors (part of the 5 senses) that allow you to feel pressure, pain, heat & cold)

Additional functions include:

Removes waste from the body through perspiration (sweating)

Generates (makes) vitamin D through exposure to UV light

Protects against sunburns from UV rays

Stores fat for fuel and insulation

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Organs of the Integumentary System

Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, oil glands

Immune, Nervous, and Circulatory Systems

Integumentary System works closely with…

Nervous

System

Glue your picture in on the left side of the page.Label it as shown.

Organs of the Nervous System

• Brain• Spinal cord (transfer

messages from brain to body via nerves)

• Nerves (receive messages from all around the body)

Organs of the Nervous System

Brain= uses information it receives from nerve impulses to coordinate actions

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Organs of the Nervous System

Spinal Cord= Central communication system. – Nerve center– Messages are sent to

the brain through the spinal cord.

– Exception: Reflexes skip the spinal cord and go straight to the brain.

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Organs of the Nervous System

Nerves= carry messagesthroughout thebody

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Functions of the Nervous System

Sends and receives messages to and from the body to coordinates all actions and reactions

– Send messages as electrical impulses

Functions of the Nervous System

Functions include:1. Sensory Input-

Senses send messages to the brain.

2. Integration- The brain interprets and translates.

3. Motor Output- The brain sends messages to body.

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Central Nervous System

– Central Nervous System- Maintains homeostasis by regulating vital body functions such as breathing, heart rate, hormones, etc.

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Peripheral Nervous System

– Peripheral Nervous System- • Sensory Neurons-

Carry information toward the central nervous system

• Motor Neurons- Send impulses away from the central nervous system

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Interacts with:

• Muscular, Respiratory, Digestive, and Endocrine System

Reproductive System

Glue your picture in on the right side of the page.

Label it as shown.

Function of the Reproductive System

Produces offspring (kids) to ensure survival of the species.

Additional Functions of the Reproductive System

– To produce egg and sperm cells– To transport and sustain these cells– To nurture the developing offspring in pregnancy– To produce hormones (in ovaries and testes: part

of Endocrine System)

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Organs of the Reproductive System

Male: Penis, testicles Female: Vagina, ovary, uterus

Interacts with:

• Endocrine and Circulatory Systems

Immune System

(lymphatic system)

Glue your picture in on the left side of the page.

Label it as shown.

Function: The body’s defense against disease-causing organisms, malfunctioning (not working) cells, and foreign particles (germs)

Organs:

• White Blood Cells (WBCs)

• Lymph nodes (swell when sick)

• Lymphatic vessels (transport WBCs to blood)

Organs Involved: The First Line of Defense = Skin

- The dead, outer layer of skin, known as the epidermis, forms a shield against invaders and secretes chemicals that kill potential invaders

- Though the skin is not technically part of this system, it’s presence is critical to preventing materials from entering the body.

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A cut creates an opening in the skin which means it is no longer

able to block out foreign substances which increases the

chance of infection.

- If invaders actually get within the body, then your white blood cells (WBCs) begin their attack

- WBCs increase in numbers when the body is sick

- WBCs normally circulate throughout the blood, but will enter the body’s tissues if invaders are detected Video

Organs Involved: The Second Line of Defense = White Blood Cells (WBCs)

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- Soak up lymph, clear fluid surrounding cells that is leaked from blood

- Lymph taken from vessels to nodes and then dumped into veins

- Can swell when not functioning properly (virus), or the body can swell due to its inability to discard assess fluid (lymphedema)

Organs Involved: lymph nodes // lymphatic vessels

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Interacts with:

• Integumentary System