Danny Zepeda, Rotor Optics LLC.
31
Small UAS Safety Considerations In The Petrochemical Industry Danny A. Zepeda Co-Founder of Rotor Optics LLC I&E Electrical Engineer at Valero Benicia Refinery B.S.E.E.(Emphasis in Power System) California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo
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Transcript of Danny Zepeda, Rotor Optics LLC.
Small UAS Safety Considerations
In The Petrochemical Industry
Danny A. Zepeda
Co-Founder of Rotor Optics LLC
I&E Electrical Engineer at Valero Benicia Refinery
B.S.E.E.(Emphasis in Power System)
California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo
PresentationFAA Small UAS Rule & Regulations – The Foundation.
Drones Safety Considerations in Hazardous
Environments:
Hazardous Materials
Hazardous (Classified) Locations
Electromagnetic Interference
Proposed practice for sUAS Operation in the Oil and
Gas Industry.
FAA Propose Small UAS Rulemaking
FAA mission is to
provide the safest, most
efficient aerospace
system in the world.
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The FAA has progressed to safely integrate sUAS into the
National Air Space (NAS) in the manner that does not impose
unacceptable risk to other aircrafts, people or property.
Electric Utility sUAS
Standards & Practices
Petrochemical, Oil &
Gas sUAS Standards
& Practices
Emergency Response
sUAS Standards &
Practices
FAA - BASE
SUAS Rules &
Regulations
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Small UAS in the Oil & Gas Industry
Can a sUAS accident/ malfunction cause a
incident dangerous to human & cause a
environmental impact?
Additional risk should be consider when
developing a small unmanned aircraft program
for hazardous industries.
Many benefits using a Small UAS in the
Petrochemical industry can complete difficult task
without risking personal is ideal.
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Safety Considerations
Hazardous
LocationElectromagnetic
Interference
Hazardous
Material
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All three elements of the fire triangleThese elements must be present simultaneously
and in specific quantities for a fire or explosion to
occur.
Oxygen
+
Fuel Ignition
+ =
Fire
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Hazardous Material
Hazardous Material
•Flammable / Combustible
Liquids & Vapor
(FUEL)
•Vapor Concentration in Air
(OXYGEN)
• Ignition Source
(IGNITION)
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Hazardous Material
Flammable & Combustible liquids are
easily ignited with explosive force.
These liquids are classified according to their
flash point to indicate the danger they pose as a
fire hazard.
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Flash point is the minimum
temperature a liquid gives off
enough vapor to form a ignitable
mixture in the air.
Hazardous Material
77F
FLASH
POINT
At 77F°
vapor to form a
ignitable mixture
in the air
0F°
50F°
100F°
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Hazardous Material
Flammable Liquids have flash
points below 100°F degrees.
Combustible Liquids have flash
points at or above 100°F degrees.
100°F
Combustible
Liquids
FP>100°F
Flammable
Liquids
FP<100°F
Fla
sh P
oin
t
Tem
pera
ture
Boiling Point
Flammable
FP<100°F
Combustible
FP>100°F
77°F
0°F
-44°F
140°F
200°F
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Hazardous Material
Flammable Liquids have flash
points below 100°F degrees.
Combustible Liquids have flash
points at or above 100°F degrees.
100°F
Fla
sh P
oin
t
Tem
pera
ture
Boiling Point
74°F
0°F
-44°F
140°F
200°F
CAT 1 CAT 2
CAT 3
CAT 4
100°F
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0% 100%50%
Hazardous Material Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) and Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)
LEL UEL
(Too Lean) (Too Rich)
% Percent
Fuel in Air
Flammable Range
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Ignition Sources
Open Flame Smoking Welding & Cutting Hot Surfaces
Static Charge Mechanical Sparks Electrical Arcing
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Ignition Sources from a sUAS
Aircraft systems contain various mechanical and electrical
components that may malfunction or overheat if not properly
maintain. Overheating of circuits, electrical component or ESC
can be consider ignition sources.
Stripped Wire Short Circuits Aircraft Collision Overheat ESC
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BOOM!
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Hazardous Material
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Hazardous Material
Safety Considerations
Hazardous
LocationElectromagnetic
Interference
Hazardous
Material
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Hazardous (Classified) Location
A hazardous
location is a place
where concentrations
of flammable gases,
vapors, or dusts occur.
It is important to know the characteristics of all of material
used, locations, potential sources of leaks and determine the
extent of the Hazardous associated with each leak source.
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Hazardous (Classified) Location
The NEC is a standards for safe installation of electrical equipment in
the US. The NEC is part of the National Fire Protection Association
(NFPA).
National Electric Code (NEC)Once the area is classified the NEC provides
very specific and stringent requirements
regarding the electrical equipment,
associated wiring and installation in such
locations. These requirements are intended
to prevent electrical equipment from being an
ignition source in flammable or combustible
atmospheres.
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Electrical Area Classification Drawings
Classes:Class I: Liquid or Gases
Class II: Dust or Fiber
Class III: Flammable Fibers
Divisions:Div 1: Normal Conditions
Div 2: Abnormal Conditions
Groups:(Class 1) A,B,C,D
(Class 2) E,F,G
(Class 3) No groups
Determines the existence and extent of Hazardous (Classified) Location in
a facility handling any of installation of electrical equipment, wiring devices
and methods to prevent the ignition of flammable or explosive mixtures.
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Hazardous (Classified) Location:
Classes
Class I:Flammable Liquids
Gas or Vapors
Class II: Combustible
Dust or Fiber
Class III: Ignitable
Fibers & Flying's
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Hazardous (Classified) Location:
Divisions
Division I: Normal Conditions Division 2: Abnormal Conditions
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Division I:
Normal
Conditions
Division II:
Abnormal
Conditions
Hazardous (Classified) Location: Divisions
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CLASS I Flammable
Gas, Liquids, VaporCLASS II Combustible
Metal Dust
CLASS III Fibers
& Flying's
E
F
G
No Groups
for Class III
A Acetylene
B Hydrogen
CCyclopropane
Ethylene
Groups and typical material types are:
DAcetone, Butane,
Hexane, Natural
Gas, Fuel Oil
Combustible
Metals
Carbonaceous
material, including
coal dust
Flour, grain,
wood, plastic etc.
Hazardous (Classified) Location:Groups
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Safety Considerations
Hazardous
LocationElectromagnetic
Interference
Hazardous
Material
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Electromagnetic interference is disturbance that
affects an electrical circuit due to either
electromagnetic induction or electromagnetic
radiation emitted from an external source.
Electromagnetic Interference
Operating a small unmanned aerial system is
like flying a small computer. A problem for
computer is electromagnetic interference (EMI)
or radiation.
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EMI caused by high voltage power lines or electric motors due
to motor design can cause an affect or interference with the
unmanned aircraft electrical components and radio controls.
Electromagnetic Interference
Electrical
Components
Radio
Controls
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Small UAS Safety in the
Petrochemical Questions:
• What safety standards &
procedures should be
implement to ensure safe
sUAS operations in hazardous
industries.
• What design requirements
should be applied to avoid
source of ignition, radio and
electromagnetic interference.
• What maintenance & training
programs should be
developed.
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Suggested Safety Practices
Pre-Flight Plan:• Detail Job Description & Plan
• Electrical Area (Classification) Drawings
• Test Flight / Equipment Check List
Drone Hazard Analysis(DHA)• Identify Hazards In The Area.
• Gas Test/ Fly Zone/ Emergency Landings
• Determine Weather & Wind Conditions
Post Flight Analysis• Data Collection/ Records /Documentation
• Equipment Maintenance/ Record Log
• Findings and Lesson Learn
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Small UAS Vision in Oil & Gas
Contact Information:
Danny A. Zepeda
P:(760)473-3366
www.rotoroptics.com
