cultural heritage knowledge - EIB...
Transcript of cultural heritage knowledge - EIB...
The Entrepreneurial
City 2050
The Connected City 2050
The Liveable
City
2050
The Pioneer
City 2050
knowledge
innovation
technology
social diversity
cultural heritage
creativity
learning
17
SPACE IN TRANSITION • Peter Gould (1963):
- Man against Nature
- Locational patterns
• Lucassen and Willems (2011):
- Challenge and Response
- Adaptation and rising urbanisation
• Kourtit and Nijkamp (2012):
- Globalisation and migration
- Agglomeration advantages and creative cities
THE NEW URBAN WORLD
URBANISATION: A GLOBAL DESTINY • Megatrends:
- Exponential growth world population
- Rural-urban
- Spiky spatial dynamics
- New geographical heartlands
- Every week a city the size of Amsterdam is emerging
• 3 Revolutions:
- Rural to urban shift (Tellier 2009)
- Industrial Revolution based on increasing returns
- Urban networks (ICT) and mega-cities
URBANITY AND RURALITY ARE FUZZY CONCEPTS
Megatrends – The New Urban World • Rising urbanization everywhere (not every city)
• Cities as ‘the home of man’
• Urban areas as centres of development and of concerns
• Pluriformity in urban appearance and socio-economic development
• Dominance of sustainability conditions (XXQ, Nijkamp, 2010)
• No natural or economic limit to city size
• The law of Van Loon (1932)
• Smart specialisation
• Need for effective long-range policy responses
• Challenges for Regional Science
THE LAW OF VAN LOON (1932)
"If everybody in this world of ours were six feet tall and a foot and a half wide and a foot thick, then the whole of the human race …………….could be packed into a box measuring half a mile in each direction“.
H.W. van Loon, Van Loon’s Geography, The Story of the World We Live in, Simon & Schuster,
New York (1932), p.3
Density
+
Proximity
Efficiency +
Productivity
Growth +
New Cities
Population +
Migration
Investment +
Jobs
A CIRCULAR CAUSALITY MODEL OF PERSISTENT URBAN GROWTH
DYNAMICS IN URBAN SYSTEMS
• Regularity in chaos, (e.g. Zipf): - Hierarchy and rank-size (Reggiani and Nijkamp) - Entropic conditions (Wilson)
• Complexity (Bertuglia and Vaio): - Agent-based modelling - Social cognitive analysis - Urban way of life as new societal paradigm - Self-regulation vs planning • Self-organisation on the basis of economic principles - Macro - Micro
3 FOCAL POINTS OF CITY GROWTH • Migration
• Ageing
• Knowledge (OECD 2009) - Progress for All - OECD Long Boom - Uneven Progress - Globalization Falters - Decoupled Destinies
MEGACITIES: ‘BLESSING IN DISGUISE’
CITIES AS MAGNETS FOR XXQ ADVANTAGES OF DENSITY AND PROXIMITY • AGGLOMERATION BENEFITS (ISARD, HOOVER)
- SCALE
- LOCALISATION (THISSE) - URBANISATION • KNOWLEDGE BASE AND SPILLOVERS (CAPELLO, STOUGH) - R&D - ENTREPRENEURSHIP • CREATIVENESS (FLORIDA, SCOTT) - INNOVATION - NEW LIFE STYLE - COMMUNICATION RESOURCE BASE • PHYSICAL (ADAM SMITH) • HUMAN RESOURCES (SASSEN) LEARNING • INTERACTION • EVOLUTION (BOSCHMA) • COMPLEXITY (NIJKAMP & REGGIANI) • IMAGINEERING (RATCLIFFE)
STRIKING FACTS ON URBAN WORLD • ‘The new urban century’: a structural phenomenon
• Double urbanization: big cities grow into mega-cities (including political power) and medium-sized cities grow even faster into big cities
• Urbanisation continues despite shrinking cities
• Emergence of Megacities: competitive advantages (opportunities for various stakeholders)
• Polynuclear morphological structures all over (Fractal Maps)
• Santa Fe hypothesis (Geoffrey West) (‘15% rule’) Urban scaling: efficiency and performance rise with city size (15 percent efficiency rise for doubling of cities)
China’s Pearl River Delta (largest mega-city in the world with more than 80 million people)
The European Blue Banana