c&pfESpf/ 2007 ckESpf/ ZGefv jrefrmouU&mZf …owif;pOf T h e L i g h t n i n g N e w s l e t t e r...

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trSwf (85) c&pfESpf/ 2007 ckESpf/ ZGefv jrefrmouU&mZf (1369) ( 15-1-99 ) &ufae@wGifpwifwnfaxmifonf?

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jrefrmEd ki fi H vGwfvyfonf howif;at*si fp Dr S xkwfa0onfjrefrmEd ki fi H vGwfvyfonf howif;at*si fp Dr S xkwfa0onfjrefrmEd ki fi H vGwfvyfonf howif;at*si fp Dr S xkwfa0onfjrefrmEd ki fi H vGwfvyfonf howif;at*si fp Dr S xkwfa0onfjrefrmEd ki fi H vGwfvyfonf howif;at*si fp Dr S xkwfa0onf ZGefv / 2007 ckESpf

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6? 1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSm 0ifa&muf,SOfòyiftEkdif&cJh+yD; zsufodrf;jcif;cHae&wJhEkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;ukd jyefvnfrSwfykHwifcGifhay;I vGwfvyfpGmpnf;¶kH;v_yf&Sm;cGifhay;&efwkd@ukd EkdifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhzGH@òz;a&;aumifpDu tjrefqkH;aqmif&Gufay;&ef?

2007 ckESpf ar (27) tzGJŒcsKyf a-unmcsufyg t"duawmif;qkdcsufrsm;

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tcrf;tem;okdŒwufa&mufvmaom tzGJŒcsKyftzGJŒ0ifrsm; tcrf;tem;okdŒwufa&mufvmaom tzGJŒcsKyftzGJŒ0ifrsm; tcrf;tem;okdŒwufa&mufvmaom tzGJŒcsKyftzGJŒ0ifrsm; tcrf;tem;okdŒwufa&mufvmaom tzGJŒcsKyftzGJŒ0ifrsm; tcrf;tem;okdŒwufa&mufvmaom tzGJŒcsKyftzGJŒ0ifrsm;

trSwf (85)áááááowif;pOf (2)


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ááááá owif;pOf (3)trSwf (85)

ZGefv / 2007 ckESpf jrefrmEd ki fi H vGwfvyfonf howif;at*si fp Dr S xkwfa0onjrefrmEd ki fi H vGwfvyfonf howif;at*si fp Dr S xkwfa0onjrefrmEd ki fi H vGwfvyfonf howif;at*si fp Dr S xkwfa0onjrefrmEd ki fi H vGwfvyfonf howif;at*si fp Dr S xkwfa0onjrefrmEd ki fi H vGwfvyfonf howif;at*si fp Dr S xkwfa0onf

trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftrSwf (97§c)/ taemufa&$*Hkwdkifvrf;

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yk'fr (339)wGif æ² ² ²“wOD;wa,mufaomol oGm;vmydkifcGifh&Sdaomt&yfodk@ roGm;rvm&atmif

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Õ pmrsufESm (16) tifwmAsL;rS æ



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(2)EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; ulnDapmifh

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- B) u 2007 ckESpf ZGefv (1) &ufae@u tckvdk owif;xkwfjyefygw,f?

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a[mif; (59) OD;&JŒ axmufcHcsufeJ@ukdv$wfay;zdk@awmif;qdkxm;wmukd usaemfwkd@awG@ae &w,f?”

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EkdifiHwumu b,fvkdyJarwWm&yf &yf/jynfwGif;jynfy EkdifiHa&;tiftm;pkawGub,fvkdyJawmif;qkdawmif;qkd/ vlxkub,fvkdyJ yef=um;yef=um;/ ppftkyfpkuawmh enf;enf;rS tda¹¹¹¹¹EMrysufbl;? rdkufwGif;euf+rJyJ?

a':pkukd 1989 ckESpf Zlvdkifv (20)&ufae@uae 1995 ckESpf Zlvdkifv (10)

&ufae@txd w}udrf?2000 ckESpf pufwifbm (23)

&ufae@uae 2002 ckESpf ar (6) &ufae@txd aemufw}udrf?

2003 ckESpf arv (30) 'DyJ,if;vlowfyGJae@uae 'Dae@txd aemufw}udrf ppftkyfpk[m a':pktay: tmCmw}uD;pGm/ tn‡dK;}uD;pGm &uf&ufpufpufudkyJ vlxkESifhtquftoG,fjzwfzdk@ óud;yrf;vkyfaqmifcJhygw,f? tckqkd a':pkukdoHwkdifawGaemufukdykd@ypfcJhwm (12) ESpfeD;yg;awmif&SdcJh+yD?

(5)tJ'D arv (27) &ufae@[m 1990

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rav;&Sm;EkdifiH Democratic Action

ygwDacgif;aqmif Mr. Limkit Siang ujrefrmEkdifiH'Drkdua&pDawmfvSefa&;acgif;aqmifa':atmifqef;pk=unftm; ppftpkd;&uaetdrftus,fcsKyfoufwrf; wkd;vkdufjcif;onf tmqD,HEkdifiHrsm;u usifhokH;aeaomtðyoabmqufqHa&;rl0g' atmifjrif

jrefrmhta&;tay:tðyoabmqufqHa&;ratmifjrifrav;&Sm;twkduftcHacgif;aqmifu okH;oyf

r_r&Sda=umif; azmfjyvkdufjcif;jzpfonf[kqkdonf? jrefrmjynf. tmqD,HEkdifiHrsm;toif;wGif tzGJ@0ifjzpfr_ukd tav;teufxm; jyefvnfokH;oyf&ef vkdtyfa=umif;ukdvnf; Mr. Lim u xyfrHajymqdkcJhonf?

tar&dueforw. vkHðcHa&;aumifpDajyma&;qkdcGifh&Sdol Mr. Gordon John-

droe uvnf; ppftpkd;&. ðyrlaqmif&Gufr_onf w&m;r#wr_r&Sd[k xkwfazmfajym=um;cJhonf?

1990 jynfha&G;aumufyGJwGif tjywftowftEkdif&cJhaomfvnf; ,ckwkdif etzrStm%mv$Jajymif;ay;&ef ,ckwkdifjiif;qkdcHae&onfh trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf ESpfaygif; (17) ESpftwGif; pkpkaygif; (11) ESpfr# aetdrfwGiftus,fcsKyfuscHae&onf?

jrefrmjynfwGif ta=umif;trsKd;rsKd;jyI zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifcHae&aom EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;aygif; (1˜200) cef@&Sda=umif; EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; ulnDapmifha&Smufa&;aumfrDwDrS xkwfjyefaomowif;rsm;t&od&Sd&onf? Ð

&SdñuHawG@ae&aom qif;&J'kuQrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I jzpfEkdifacsrsm;ukd tus,ftjyef@aqG;aEG;okH;oyfr_rsm;ðyvkyf=uonfhtjyifjrefrmjynftay:xm;&Sdaom EkdifiHwumoabmxm;rsm;ukdvnf; pDppfokH;oyfcJh=ua=umif; twGif;a&;rSL;tzGJ@0ifwOD;.ajym=um;csuft& od&Sd&onf? txl;ojzifh etzvrf;jyajrykH (7) qifhukd tqifhwkdif;wGif jynfolvlxkESifhtwl yl;aygif;wkdufzsufoGm;&ef wufa&mufvmaomacgif;aqmifrsm;u wnDw!Gwfwnf;oabmxm;cJh=ua=umif;/ vkyfief;pOftao;pdwfukdcsrSwf vkyfaqmifae+yDjzpfa=uif; od&Sd&onf?

xkd@tjyif tJefpD,lbDwGifyg0ifaomtzGJ@tpnf;rsm; ykdrkdtm;aumif;vmapa&; twGufvnf;aumif;/ tJefpD,lbDwGifryg0ifao;aomtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifhvnf;

vkyfief;wl yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifEkdifa&;twGufvnf;aumif; tpDtpOfrsm;csrSwfvkyfaqmifvsuf&Sdonf?

tJefpD,lbDukd 1992 pufwifbmvtwGif;u rme,fyavmwGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHtrsKd;om;!Gef@aygif;tpkd;&/trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDwyfaygif;pk/ 'Drkdu&ufwpf r[mrdwfrsmtzGJ@csKyfESifh trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr) wkd@jzifh zGJ@pnf;cJhonf? xkdif;-jrefrme,fpyfwGif tajcpkdufxm;aom ,if;tzGJ@}uD;onf t}uD;rm;qkH;wyfaygif;pktjzpfpwifzGJ@pnf;pOfupI ,cktcsdefxd ckdifrmpGm&yfwnfaeqJjzpfa=umif;/ tiftm;avsmhyg;r_rsm;&Sdvifhupm;/ ppftkyfpktm;tjywfom;qkH;/ tckdifrmqkH;wkdufyGJ0ifaeaom EkdifiHa&;tiftm;pk}uD;w&yftjzpfwnf&SdaeqJjzpfa=umif; EkdifiHa&;okawoDwOD;u rkd;óud;okd@ xkwfazmfajym=um;cJhonf?

Ð

jzifh ae&m,lxm;+yD;/ ,kZea[mfw,fwGifvnf; 'kwfrsm;ukd ay:ay:xifxifukdifaqmifxm;aom vlw&mcef@ukd apmifhckdif;xm;onfukd awG@&a=umif; tzGJ@csKyfajyma&;qkdcGifh&yk*~Kdvf OD;jrifhodef;. ajym=um;csufrsm;t& od&Sd&onf?

a':atmifqef;pk=unf.arG;ae@yGJrsm;tm; om,m0wD/ jrif;jcH/ rdwWDvm/awmif}uD;/ rEWav; ponfhòrd@}uD;rsm;YtJeft,fvf'DygwD0ifrsm;u usif;ycJh

a=umif; owif;rsm;t&od&Sd&onf? bkduav;òrd@wGifrl arG;ae@yGJðyvkyf&ef aps;olaps;om;rsm;u pDpOfxm;aomfvnf;r,urS wm;jrpfaoma=umifh rvkyfjzpfcJha=umif;/ ZGefv (16) &ufae@u bkduav;òrd@ pufukef;&yf&Sd bkef;}uD;ausmif;wGif qGrf;uyfvSL'gef;cJha=umif;/ atmifp}uFmbk&m;wGifrl 0wfðyqkawmif;&efoGm;a&mufcJhpOfu a*gyutzG@JrS bk&m;0if;wHcg;rsm;ukd ydwfxm;ojzifh tjyifrSom 0wfðyqkawmif;cJh&a=umif; owif;rsm;t& od&Sd&onf? Ð

Õ rsufESmzkH;yl;wGJtpnf;ta0;usif;y owif;rS æ

Õ rsufESmzkH; &Spf}udrfajrmuf trsKd;orD;rsm;ae@owif;rS æ

rpPwm vif;upfqif;rpPwm vif;upfqif;rpPwm vif;upfqif;rpPwm vif;upfqif;rpPwm vif;upfqif;

etz. anmifESpfyiftwkta,mifnDvmcH t_yD;owfawmhrnfusif;ya&;aumfr&Siftpnf;ta0; 2§2007 usif;y

anmifESpfyif twkta,miftrsKd;om;nDvmcHusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif tpnf;ta0; trSwfpOf 2§2007 tm; =uyfajy;aejynfawmfY ZGefv (5) &ufae@uusif;y&m usif;ya&;aumfr&SifOuUÏetztwGif;a&;rSL; (1) Akdvfodef;pdef}uD;rSL;aom aumfr&SiftzGJ@0ifrsm; wufa&muf=uonf? ,if;tpnf;ta0;wGifAkdvfodef;pdefu aemufw}udrf trsKd;om;nDvmcHukd 2007 ck Zlvkdifv (18) &ufae@wGif aemufqkH;t}udrftjzpf jyefvnfusif;yrnfjzpfa=umif; ajym=um;oGm;onf[k od&Sd&onf?

“aemufqkH;t}udrfusif;yrnfh nDvmcHjzpfonfhtwGuf usef&Sdaeaom tcef;(7) cef;ukd tao;pdwftajccHrlrsm;tjzpfcsrSwf\kHomru csrSwf+yD;jzpfonfh tajccHrlrsm;ESifh tao;pdwftajccH&rnfh rlrsm;onf tajccHOya'a&;qGJ&mwGif csKd@,Gif;csuf/ tm;enf;csufrsm; r&Sdapatmiftao;pdwf jyefvnfqef;ppf+yD;/ wcsKd@tcsuftvufrsm;ukd jyifqifjcif;/ jznfhpGufjcif;/ y,fzsufjcif;rsm; ðyvkyfoGm;=u&rSmjzpfa=umif;” ajym=um;oGm;onf?

1993 ckESpfrSpwifI usif;ycJhonfhetztrsKd;om;nDvmcHonf 1996 ckESpfwGif tJeft,fvf'Du E_wfxGufoGm;csdefrSpI &yfem;xm;cJh&+yD;/ 2004 ckESpf arv(17) &ufae@wGifrS jyefvnfpwifcJhonf?2004 ckESpf arv (17) &ufrS Zlvkdifv(9) &uftxdvnf;aumif;/ 2005 ckESpfazazmf0g&Dv (17) &ufrS rwfv (30)&ufae@txdvnf;aumif;/ wwd,t}udrftrsKd;om;nDvmcHukd 2005 ckESpf 'DZifbm (5) &ufae@rS 2006 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv (31) &ufae@txdvnf;aumif;/2006 ckESpf atmufwkdbm (10) &ufae@rS 'DZifbm (29) &uftxdvnf;aumif;usif;ycJh&m tcef; (8) cef;teuf (7)cef;om tao;pdwftajccHrltjzpf ,ckvmrnfhnDvmcHwGif twnfðy&efvkdawmhonf[k od&Sd&onf?

avhvmolrsm;tqkdt& etzrS nDvmcHukd t+yD;owfvsuf vrf;jyajrykH (7)qifhukd t&dSefjr‡ifhaqmif&Guf&ef ,wdjywfqkH;jzwfxm;ykH&a=umif;/ okd@aomf txl;ojzifh nDvmcHwufa&mufaeaom typf

tcwf&yftzGJ@tcsKd@ESifh nDvmcHwGif oabmxm;uGJvGJr_rsm; jzpfay:Ekdifa=umif;owif;rsm;xGufay:vmonf? 2004 arvwGifusif;yaom nDvmcHrpwifrD typf&yftzGJ@ (6) zGJ@aygif;+yD; etznDvmcHOD;wnfcsuf/ tajccHrl (104) csufESifhvkyfxkHvkyfenf;awG jyefvnfokH;oyf ðyjyifay;&ef tcsuf (7) csufyg awmif;qkdcsufukd wifoGif;cJhonf? xkd@tjyif nDvmcHtwGif;Yvnf; typf&yftzGJ@ (13) zGJ@uetz. Oya'ðya&;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;ESifhw&m;pD&ifa&;qkdif&m tm%mcGJa0r_rsm;tay: ‚wkd@. oabmxm;rsm;ukdpkaygif;wifjycJhonf?

1990 jynfha&G;aumufyGJwGif rJqENe,f pkpkaygif;. (82) &mckdifE_ef;ausmftEkdif&&Sdxm;aom tJeft,fvf'Durl etznDvmcHonf ppfrSefaomtrsKd;om;jyef

vnfoifhjrwfa&;ukd OD;rwnfonfhtjyifppfrSefaom ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDEkdifiHa&;pepfrjzpfxGef;Ekdif[k,lqvsuf etztm; nDvmcH.ykHpHukd ðyjyifajymif;vJay;yg&efawmif;qkd+yD; ‚.ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;apv$wfr_ukd qkdif;iHhxm;cJh&m etzrS tJeft,fvf'D.nDvmcHukd,fpm;vS,frsm;ukd nDvmcHrS xkwfy,fcJhonf?

xkdif;-jrefrme,fpyftajcpkduf trsKd;om;aumifpDwyfaygif;pk}uD;. ajyma&;qkdcGifh&Sdol wGJbuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;(1) OD;jrifhod%f;url etznDvmcH. &v'frSefor#ukdy,fcs+yD; etz.vrf;jyajrykH(7) qifhonf wkdif;jynftm; u|efZmwfoGif;onfh pDrHcsufjzpfonfhtwGuf ,cknDvmcHtygt0if etz. vrf;jyajrykH(7) qifhtm; tqifhwkdif;wGif wkdufzsufoGm;rnf[k ajym=um;cJhonf? Ð

anmifESpfyifnDvmcHokdŒwufa&mufvmonfh jynfe,fESifhwkdif;toD;oD;rSanmifESpfyifnDvmcHokdŒwufa&mufvmonfh jynfe,fESifhwkdif;toD;oD;rSanmifESpfyifnDvmcHokdŒwufa&mufvmonfh jynfe,fESifhwkdif;toD;oD;rSanmifESpfyifnDvmcHokdŒwufa&mufvmonfh jynfe,fESifhwkdif;toD;oD;rSanmifESpfyifnDvmcHokdŒwufa&mufvmonfh jynfe,fESifhwkdif;toD;oD;rSnDvmcHukd,fpm;vS,frsm;nDvmcHukd,fpm;vS,frsm;nDvmcHukd,fpm;vS,frsm;nDvmcHukd,fpm;vS,frsm;nDvmcHukd,fpm;vS,frsm;



(1)&efukefòrd@/ a&$wd*k Hbk&m;vrf;/

q&m}uD;ocifudk,fawmfr_dif;. tkwf*lab;wGif ukvor*~taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;csKyfa[mif; OD;[email protected]*l&Sdonf?

OD;[email protected]*l Tae&modk@ vG,fvG,fulul a&muf&Sdvmonfr[kwfay?tqifajyacsmarG@pGmjzifh a&muf&Sdvmjcif;r[kwfbJ ta&;tcif;}uD;wckudkjzwfoef;+yD;rS a&muf&Sdvmjcif;jzpfonf?

Ô 1974 ckESpf / 'DZifbmv (1) &ufae@ æ

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- OD;pD;OD;aqmifonfhtydkif;rS yg0ifcJh=uolrsm;?

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oltaejzifh rnfonfhtrsKd;tpm;wGifrSryg0ifcJhay? xkdyk*~dKvfrsm;ESifh usaemfonf“OD;oef@ta&;tcif;”tay:wGif odwm/jrifwmcsif; wlnDrnfrxifyg? tawG@tñuH/ txdtawG@jcif;vnf; jcm;em;rnfrSmtrSefyg? wenf;tm;jzifhqdk&v#if usaemfodaom “OD;oef@ta&;tcif;”onf usaemfwOD;wnf;omodI tjcm;olrsm; rodEdkif[kom qdkcsifygonf?

xdk@a=umifh aemifwae@ aemifwcsdefwGif “OD;oef@ta&;tcif;”udk jynfhjynfhpkHpkHrSwfwrf;wif=urnfqdkv#if usaemfodaomtpdwftydkif;udkyg xnfhoGif;rSomjynfhjynfh00 av;av;yifyif &Sdygvdrfhrnf?

(2)ta=umif;&if;ppfawmh tjrpfajru

[k qdk&vdrfhrnf?(1968) ckESpfjynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmfvSefa&;

aumifpDOuUÏ AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;onftar&duefjynfaxmifpkodk@ tvnftywfoGm;a&mufcJhonf? orw*|efqifvufxufjzpfonf?

tb,fha=umifhoGm;oenf?tar&dueft&if;&SifpepfESifh OD;ae

0if;. qdk&S,fvpfpepf tqifajyoGm;vdk@vm;? ta=umif;u&Sdonf?

1967 ckESpfwGif jrefrmEdkifiHY w\kwfArmta&;tcif; jzpfcJhonfr[kwfvm;?w\kwfESifh jrefrmqufqHa&;rSm qdk;&Gm;pGm ysufpD;oGm;cJhav+yD? “wapmif;ap;ESihfrsufacs;”jzpfoGm;onf? TvdktcsdefwGif

xdk@jyif jrefrmEdkifiHom; ukvor*~twGif;a&;rSL;csKyfOD;oef@onf urBmh+idrf;csrf;a&;/ vufeufav#mhaygha&; ponfwdk@udk tm;óud;rmefwufaqmif&Gufaeojzifh +idrf;csrf;a&;EdkA,fvfqkyif &&Sdawmhrvdkvdk owif;awGxGufaeonf?

AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; 0g&Sifwefòrd@awmf

tar&duefodk@oGm;vdkufjcif;tm;jzifh w\kwf}uD;udk rcHcsdrcHomjzpfatmif uvdvdkufovdkjzpfoGm;rnf? AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;onf uGufausmfjrifwwfoljzpfonf?w\kwf}uD;udk txif}uD; a=umuf&GHŒoljzpfaomfvnf; w\kwf}uD;u ol@udkvufv$wfrcHEdkifa=umif;udkvnf; ol&dyfrdonf?

xdktcsdefu tar&duefjynfaxmifpkonf “AD,uferfppfyJG”wnf;[laom&$HŒEGHwGif;rS \kef;rxGufEdkifyJ t=uyftwnf;awG@aecsdefjzpfonf? jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOfudk róudufapumrl AD,uferfjy±emwGif jrefrmwdk@.&yfwnfcsufrSmwu,fh=um;aeppfppfjzpfonfudk todtrSwfðyonf? uefvef@umaemufuG,frSaphpyfaqG;aEG;yJGrsKd;udk &efukefòrd@vdkae&mrsKd;YðyvkyfrSom toifhawmfqkH;[k ,lqxm;onf?

tcef;quf azmfjyygrnf?

odk@ a&muf&Sdaeyg+yD? orw}uD;*|efqifESifhaqG;aEG;+yD;yg+yD?

wae@wGif 0g&Sifwefòrd@&Sd jrefrmoHtrwf}uD;xHrS e,l;a,mufòrd@&Sd ukvor*~qdkif&m jrefrmoHtrwfxHodk@ w,fvDzkef;qufvmonf? AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;e,l;a,mufòrd@odk@ vmrnfjzpfa=umif;/ukvor*~XmecsKyfodk@vnf; oGm;a&mufvnfywfrnfjzpfa=umif; owif;yg&Sdvmonf?

udk,fhEdkifiHom;wa,muf urBmhukvor*~vkdtzJG@tpnf;}uD;wGif t}uD;tuJjzpfaecsdefY EdkifiHt}uD;tuJtjzpf vma&mufvnfywfjcif;tm;jzifh rnfolr# *k%fi,fp&mr&Sdyg? ESpfOD;ESpfzuf *k%fwufp&mta=umif;om &SdEdkifygonf?

“'Dvdkvkyfygvm;Asm? tcktcsdef[mukvor*~taxGaxGnDvmcHusif;yaewJh

tcsdefjzpfaeavawmh AdkvfcsKyf (ae0if;)taeeJ@ taxGaxGnDvmcHrSm rdef@cGef;enf;enf;wufajymoGm;&ifaumif;r,fxifw,f? cifAsm;a&m b,fvdkxifovJ? usaemfu AdkvfcsKyf (ae0if;) udk 'Dvdkt=uHay;wifjyw,fvdk@ ajymay;ygAsm”

txufygpum;rSm OD;oef@u ukv

or*~qdkif&m jrefrmoHtrwf}uD;udk ajymaompum;jzpfygonf?

OD;oef@. apwemt&if;cHrSm tvGefaumif;ygonf? rSefvnf; rSefuefygonf?e,l;a,mufòrd@wGif ukvor*~taxGaxGnDvmcHusif;yaecsdefwGif EdkifiHt}uD;tuJrsm; (Head of State)/ tpdk;&tzJG@t}uD;tuJrsm; (Head of Government) ponfwdk@onf wrifwum vma&mufIjzpfap/ c&D;vrf;ñuHóudufIjzpfap nDvmcHYrdef@cGef;ajym=um;avh&Sdygonf? rdrdEdkifiH. &yfwnfcsufoabmxm;wdk@udk wifjyavh&Sdygonf? ,ck AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;onf tar&duefjynfaxmifpkodk@ tvnfvmcdkuf ukvor*~nDvmcH}uD;ESifh wdkufqdkifñuHóudufaeojzifh rdef@cGef;ajymoifhvSygonf?

AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;onf tar&duef

tvnftywfc&D;pOf+yD;qkH;I 0g&SifwefrSjrefrmEdkifiHodk@vSnfhjyefoGm;v#if ta=umif;r[kwf? odk@wnf;r[kwf/ taxGaxGnDvmcHusif;ycsdefr[kwfbJ e,l;a,mufòrd@odk@vmvnfv#ifvnf; ta=umif;r[kwf? odk@wnf;r[kwf e,l;a,mufòrd@udkom vSnfhvnf=unfh\_+yD; ukvor*~XmecsKyfodk@ tvnftywfroGm;a&mufv#ifvnf; ta=umif;r[kwfao;? tckawmh e,l;a,mufòrd@odk@vmrnf? ukvor*~XmecsKyfudkvnf; oGm;rnfqdkv#if OD;oef@t=uHay;ovdk rdef@cGef;ajymrSoifhawmfrnf? tom;vGwfroGm;oifhay? rdef@cGef;pum; tenf;i,fajym=um;+yD;rS taqmuftOD;twGif; vSnfhvnf=unfh\_v#if ydkIoifhavsmfayrnf? \dk;\dk;vSnfhvnf=unfh\_v#if tjcm;aom urBmvSnfhc&D;onfrsm; (Tourists) ESifh wwef;wpm;wnf;jzpfoGm;ayrnf? omrefurBmvSnfhc&D;onfrsm;onfvnf; ukvor*~XmecsKyfodk@ avhvma&;c&D;vmavh&Sd=uygonf? taxGaxGnDvmcH}uD;usif;yaepOfYyif vma&mufavhvmEdkifygonf? xdktcgwGif ukvor*~rS tqifhedrfh0efxrf;rsm;u {nfhvrf;n$ef (Tourist Guide) ozG,fvdkufvH&Sif;jyavh&Sdygonf? ukvor*~udk,fpm;vS,fawmf}uD;rsm; aqG;aEG;&mcef;rrsm;aemufrS wdwfqdwfpGm vdkufvHavhvm=ujcif;jzpfygonf?

AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;onf omref urBmvSnfhc&D;onfwOD;r[kwf? jrefrmEdkifiHudktkyfpdk;aeaom awmfvSefa&;aumifpD.OuUÏ (0g) EdkifiHawmft}uD;tuJjzpfaeonf r[kwfavm? ,Ofaus;aom jrefrmEdkifiHom;wOD;taeESifh OD;oef@onf rdrdEdkifiH.t}uD;tuJ AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;udk udk,fwdkifudk,fus qD;óudE_wfqufcsifonf? ukvor*~taqmuftOD;twGif; vdkufvHjyocsifonf? Tum; taxGaxGnDvmcHcef;r}uD;/ Tum; vkHðcHa&;aumifpDpnf;a0;&mcef;r/ Tum; aumfrwDrsm;. tpnf;ta0;cef;rrsm; ponfjzifh pdwf&Snfvuf&Snf &Sif;vif;ajymjycsifonf?

Todk@ðyvkyfonfrSm ºum;0gcsifIr[kwfovdk rdrdvufatmufi,fom;rsm;vkyf&aomtvkyfrsKd;jzpfI odrfi,fpdwfvnf;r0if/ yuwdjzLpif\dk;om;aom ESvkH;om;jzifhom AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;tm; óudqdkvdkjcif;omjzpfonf? odk@&mwGif OD;[email protected]&if;cHjzifht=uHay;csufudk AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;u rnfodk@aomoabmxm;jzifh wkef@jyefonfudk uG,fvGefcsdeftxdOD;oef@crsm trSeftwdkif;rodoGm;&Smay?

OD;[email protected]=uHðycsufudk e,l;a,mufòrd@rS jrefrmoHtrwf}uD;u 0g&Sifwefodk@owif;ydk@vdkufonf? AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;onf vlwrsKd;jzpfonf? ol@tusifhqdk;wckrSm rdrdvkyfcsifaeaomtvkyfudk olrsm;ajymvdkufv#if rvkyfawmhay? olrsm;ajymI vkyf&onfqdkonfhtjzpfudk rcHcsifaomtusihfyifjzpfonf? “vlnpf/ vluyf/ vl&GJŒ”[k qdkEdkifonf? axmfavmfuef@vef@vnf;vkyfwwfonf? rdrduvGJ+yD; rnfol@udkr#txif}uD;wwfolr[kwfay?

“'Dvdkvkyfygvm;Asm? tcktcsdef[m ukvor*~taxGaxGnDvmcH usif;yaewJh tcsdefjzpfaeavawmh AdkvfcsKyf (ae0if;) taeeJ@ taxGaxGnDvmcHrSmrdef@cGef;enf;enf;wufajymoGm;&ifaumif;r,fxifw,f? cifAsm;a&m b,fvdk xifovJ? us aemfu AdkvfcsKyf (ae0if;) udk 'Dvdkt=uHay;wifjyw,fvdk@ajymay;ygAsm”

Õ aemufv qufvufazmfjyygrnf?



2004 ckESpftwGif; 0ef}uD;csKyfwm0efESifh ppfwyfaxmufvSrf;a&;rSL;csKyfAkdvfcif!Gef@tm; z,f&Sm;+yD;aemufykdif; ppfwyfðyjyifajymif;vJa&;ukd etzrS t&Sdefjr‡ifhvkyfaqmifvm&m ,ckESpfqef;ykdif;rSpI ppft&m&Sd (3˜000) ausmfukd t&yfzuf0ef}uD;Xmersm;/ ppfwyfykdif pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;okd@ ajymif;a&$@wm0efxrf;aqmifapcJha=umif;od&onf?

ppfoHrSL;tcsKd@ukd ppfwyfrS tem;ay;+yD;/ vlopfrsm;jzifh tpm;xkd;cef@tyfcJhonf? w\kwfEkdifiHqkdif&m ppfoHrSL;}uD;pdefa*smhukd tem;ay;vkduf+yD;/ ‚ae&mwGif puc (4) rS AkdvfrSL;}uD; wifa0tm;cef@tyfcJhonf? puc (13) rS AkdvfcsKyfol&oufOD;armif tv,fykdif;wkdif; ppfXm

etzppfwyftwGif; t&m&Sdtrsm;tjym; tajymif;tvJðyvkyfqENcH,lyGJESifha&G;aumufyGJtwGuf óudwifjyifqif[kcefŒrSef;

csKyfrS AkdvfrSL;}uD;odef;OD;/ ta&S@ykdif;wkdif;ppfXmecsKyfrS AkdvfrSL;}uD;wifhvGifwkd@tm;EkdifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xmeokd@ ajymif;a&$@cJha=umif; ckdifvkHaomowif;rsm;t&od&Sd&onf?

txl;ojzifh AkdvfrSL;}uD;tqifhESifhAkdvfrSL;tqifh&Sd ppft&m&Sd (1˜500)cef@ukd jynfxJa&;0ef}uD;atmuf&Sd &JwyfzGJ@/ &Jwyf&if;ESifh tusOf;OD;pD;Xmersm;wGiftqifhjrifh&mxl;rsm;jzifh v$Jajymif;wm0efay;tyfcJhonf? txl;ojzifh pD;yGm;a&;ESihful;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;0ef}uD;Xmevufatmuf&Sd e,fpyfukefoG,fa&;OD;pD;Xme/jynfxJa&;ESifh tjcm;ta&;ygaomXmersm;wGif t&yfom;rsm;ae&mr&EkdifbJ/ppfwyf.trdef@ukdemcHrnfh ppfom;a[mif;

rsm;jzifh tpm;xkd;vsuf&Sdonf[kqkdonf?txl;ojzifh ppfwyfykdif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHpD;yGm;a&;OD;ykdifvDrDwuf/ jrefrmpD;yGm;a&;aumfykda&;&Sif;wkd@wGif tqifhjrifh&mxl;rsm;ay;I ppftm%mukdykdrkdwkd;csJ@csKyfukdifa&;twGuf vkyfaqmifvsuf&Sdonf[k &efukefrSvmaom owif;w&yfwGif azmfjyxm;onf?

ppfwyftwGif; tajymif;tvJrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I ppfwyfa&;&m u|rf;usifolwOD;ukd ar;jref;=unfh&m “txl;ojzifhtrsKd;om;nDvmcH+yD;&if vlxkqENcH,lyGJeJ@a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufyGJawGvkyfzkd@ etzu pDpOfxm;w,f? tJonfvkdumvrsKd;rSmppfwyfxJrSmomr[kwf t&yfzufXmeqkdif&mtoD;oD;rSm ol&J@=oZmtm%mukd jzef@usufxm;wmayghAsm? 'g[m olwkd@&J@ vrf;jyajrykH (7) qifh atmifjrifa&;twGufyJvkyfaewJh r[mAsL[majrmuftpDtpOfrsm;&J@ tpdwftykdif;wckyg? aemufwcsufuvnf; wyfxJuvla[mif;awGukdz,f+yD;olwkd@pdwfcs,kH=unf&wJh vli,frsKd;qufopfwyfrSL;awGeJ@ tpm;xkd;wmjzpfvkd@ wyfxJrSmvJ &mxl;wkd;a&;ukd wyfrufaewJh ppfwyft&m&Sdi,fawG tvkdjzpfoGm;wmrkd@twkdif;twmwcktxdawmh ,m,Dtm;jzifhwyfxJu rauseyfcsufawGukdvnf; z,f&Sm;EkdifwmayghAsm”[k rkd;óud;okd@ &Sif;jycJhonf? Ð

ajr‡mufyifhaoG;xkd;cHxm;&wJh ppftkyfpka'gufwkdifawG[m a&SŒqufoGm;&if/ bk&m;ay:wuf&if vltkyfeJ@qD;+yD; tao\kdufowfypfr,fqkdwJhtxd/ emrnfac:+yD;qJa&;pdefac:wJhtxd &rf;um;jyw,f?

tcef@roifh&if tcsdefra&G; \kef;&if;qefcwfawGjzpfoGm;Ekdifw,f? t"du\k%f;awGjzpfoGm;Ekdifw,f? 'kwd, 'DyJ,if;jzpfoGm;Ekdifw,f?

'gukd ppftkyfpku taotcsmzefwD;aewmjzpfw,f?

tJ'DaxmifacsmufxJuae tajrmftjrif}uD;wJh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifawG[m vlxk&JŒa'goukd tomxdef;+yD; trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf XmecsKyf\kH;qD jyefcsDwufcJh=uw,f?

(6)\kH;a&SŒta&mufrSm (88) rsKd;quf

ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif ukdrif;ukdEkdif[mtapmfum;cH&vdk@ a'goeJ@ wukd,fvkH;wkefaewJh vlxk}uD;ukkd &J&Jawmufrdef@cGef;eJ@tckvkd pwifajymqkdvkdufygw,f?

“tm;vHk;ºua&mufvm=uwJh/ 'Drdkua&pDjrwfEdk;wJh usaemfwdk@&JŒ jynfoltaygif;wdk@? 'Duae@[mqdk&if usaemfwdk@&JŒvlxkacgif;aqmif a':atmif;qef;pk=unftusOf;cscHxm;&wm av;ESpfjynfhajrmufwJhae@ jzpfygw,f? tJ'D tusOf;cscHxm;&r_[m w&m;ovm;/ rw&m;bl;vm;qdkwm tm;vHk;jynfolawGodygw,f?”

tckvkd tpcsDvkdufw,fqkd&ifyJ vlxk&JŒaxmufcHoHawG [def;xGufvmw,f?'DrSm ukdrif;ukdEkdifu vlxkudk tckvkdar;cGef;awGar;&if; quf+yD;ajymygw,f?

“usaemfwdk@wawG 'Dae&mrSm vufeufrygyJeJ@ +idrf;csrf;pGmvm+yD; pka0;ae=uw,f? pka0;ae=uw,fqdkwm trSefw&m;twGuf rw&m;&if acgif;ikH@rcHbl;qdkwJhpdwf"mwfeJ@ [kwfw,frdk@vm;”

awmufav#mufay;qyfcJh&wJh jynfolawG&JŒpGef@v$wfpGef@pm;r_awGudk azmfjy&if; tckvkdquf+yD;axmufjyw,f?

“usaemfwdk@tm;vHk; b0rsm;pGm paw;cJh+yD;+yD? vrf;awGay:rSm toufygay;cJh+yD;+yD/ usaemfwdk@udk b,f+cdrf;ajcmufr_rsKd;eJ@rS csKyfcs,fvdk@ a=umufr,fhvlvm;”

“tJ'gudk oufqdkif&mtm%mydkifawGoabmaygufyg? jynfolvlxkta&ðcHxm;wJh vlvdrfvlnmawG em;vnfyg?urBmhEdkifiHu urBmhjynfolawGtm;vHk;todtrSwfðyzdk@ usaemfwdk@ owWd&Sdw,fqdkwmudk jyr,fr[kwfvm;”

ar;cGef;wckwkdif; wckwkdif;twGufaxmufcHvkdufwJh vlxktoHawGu ppftm%m&SifwpktwGufawmh aep&mr&Sdatmif ausmcsrf;oGm;avmufygw,f? tJ'DaemufrSm æ

“owWd&Sdw,fqdkwm[m usaemfwdk@owWd&Sdw,fqdkwmudk jyzdk@qdk&if 'Duae@usaemfwdk@ +idrf;csrf;pGm0wfðyqkawmif;r_udk b,folawG cGifhðyðy/ rðyðy/ a[m'D

ae&muae+yD;awmh a&$wd*Hkbk&m;udk OD;wnf+yD;awmh 0wfðyqkawmif;yGJvkyfr,f?oabmwlvm;”

tckvkd vlxk&JŒoabmxm;ukd jywfjywfom;om; ar;+yD;wJhaemufrSmawmh æ

“tJ'Dvdk 0wfðyqkawmif;yJGvkyfjcif;tay:rSm rnfodk@aom tm%mydkiftzGJ@tpnf;ujzpfap/ rnfonfh ta&ðcHtzGJ@tpnf;u jzpfap/ usaemfwdk@tay:rSmóudufovdk +cdrf;ajcmufEdkifw,f? óudufwJhta&;,lr_rsKd;udk vkyfEkdifw,f? usaemfwdk@wnfwnf=unf=unf owWd&Sd&Sd &ifqdkif&Jw,frdk@vm;”

vlxk[m olwkd@&ifxJu qkH;jzwfcsufeJ@ ckdifrmwJhykdif;jzwfr_ukd jywfjywfom;om;yJjyovkduf=uygw,f?

(7)etzppftkyfpk æcifAsm; bmvkyfrvJ?“zd&ifºuw,f/ xd&ifcsw,f” qkd

wJh wkdufyGJxJu &wJhw&m;ukd cifAsm;=um;zl;&JŒvm;?

zdESdyfr_awGodyf}uD;vm+yDqkd&if tJ'DzdESdyfr_awG=um;uyJ \kef;uefv_yf&Sm; wkdufyGJ0ifoGm;wwfwm/ atmifyGJukd t&,loGm;wwfwm cifAsm;=um;zl;&JŒvm;?

tJ'Dvkd rukefrcrf;EkdifwJh pGrf;yum;awG/ opfvGifcrf;em;wJh wDxGifr_awG vlxk}uD;rSm txkvkduf txnfvkduf&Sdw,fqkdwm cifAsm; enf;enf;av;rS r&dyfrdbl;vm;?

r=umcif æ cifAsm;awG@&ygvdrfhr,f?

tck cifAsm;=um;ae&+yDr[kwfvm;?a[hvlawG cifAsm;wkd@em;pGifhvkduf=u?

[kdrSm æ vlxkawG opPmqkdae+yD?“usaemfwkd@[m +idrf;csrf;wJhenf;eJ@

t=urf;rzufwJhenf;eJ@ wav#mufvkH;usihfokH;cJhwm tm;vkH;todyg? 'Duae@vnf;pnf;urf;&Sd&SdeJ@ usaemfwkd@vkyfcsifwJh tvkyf/ usaemfwkd@&JŒw&m;r#wwJh tvkyftwGuf/ a':atmifqef;pk=unfeJ@wuG EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGtm;vkH; vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf a[m'Da&$*kHwkdifvrf;u ajray:rSm opPmðy+yD;awmh oufaownfcJhr,f”

“jrifhjrwfwJh awmfvSefa&;&Jabmftaygif;wkd@ æ ukd,fhwkdif; ukd,fhjynf'Drkdua&pD&SdrS/ vl@tcGifhta&;&rS urBmhtv,frSm *k%foduQmjrifhrm;aom vlrsKd;ESifhwkdif;jynftjzpf &yfwnfEkdifrSmrkd@ 'Drkdua&pD&onftxd igwkd@tm;vkH; rqkwfrepf/ ZGJravsmhbJ owdWarG;I oifwkd@xkH;ukdESvkH;rlum qufvufI ta&;awmfykH}uD;ukd qifE$JoGm;rnfjzpfa=umif; igwkd@jynfolvlxk}uD;u tusOf;uscH&Jabmftaygif;tm; 'Da&$wd*kHajcawmf&if;rSm æ

tckdiftrm opPmqkdygw,f?tckdiftrm opPmqkdygw,f?tckdiftrm opPmqkdygw,f?”

ZGefr_dif;ZGef (6) 2007?

Ð

pmrsufESm (4) ZGefr+dif;aqmif;yg;rS pmrsufESm (4) ZGefr+dif;aqmif;yg;rS pmrsufESm (4) ZGefr+dif;aqmif;yg;rS pmrsufESm (4) ZGefr+dif;aqmif;yg;rS pmrsufESm (4) ZGefr+dif;aqmif;yg;rS

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○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○



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aumfrwDOuUÏ NCGUB 0ef}uD; OD;odef;OD;ESifh aumfrwD. Co.ordinat team.

vlxktajcðytzJGŒtpnf;rsm;xHrS t-uHðycsuf&,ltufzfpD'DpDpDrS tvkyf¶HkaqG;aEG;yJGusif;y

In change twGif;a&;rSL; OD;rsKd;0if;wdk@rSzuf'&,fzJG@pnf;yHktajccHOya'qdkif&mnDvmcH}uD;rS twnfðyxm;aom zuf'&,fzJG@pnf;yHk tajccHOya'rl=urf;udk &Sif;vif;aqG;aEG;cJh=u&m wufa&mufvmolrsm;rS ,if;aqG;aEG;csufrsm;tay: pdwfyg0ifpm;pGmaqG;aEGcJh=uonf? txl;ojzifh,if;zJG@pnf;yHktm; vlxkukd us,fus,fjyef@jyef@ csjyEdkifa&;/ vufawG@toHk;csEdkifrnfhtpDtpOfESifh etzzJG@pnf;yHkESifh uGmjcm;csufrsm;tm; txl;tav;ay;aqG;aEG;cJh=uonf[k od&Sd&onf?

tvm;wlyif ,if;zJG@pnf;yHkyg yk'fr(37) trsKd;orD; (30) &mcdkifE_ef; yg0ifa&;ESifh 34 tyk'f (1) yg udk,f0efzsuf

cscGifhwdk@udk wufa&mufvmol trsKd;orD;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;rS tav;xm;aqG;aEG;cJh=uonf?

,if;aqG;aEG;yJGESifhpyfvsOf;I aumfrwD0if OD;xGef;atmifausmftm; awG@qHkar;jref;&m“tifrwefrS pdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;wJhtpnf;ta0;yg? tem*gwfjynfaxmifpkwnfaqmufa&;twGuf pdwfyg0ifpm;pGmaqG;aEG;n‡dEd_if;=uwmrdk@ ar#mfvifhwmxufatmifjrifygw,f?” wufa&mufvmoltrsm;pku vlxkeJ@wdkuf\dkkufqufpyfvkyfudkifaeolrsm;rdk@ usaemfwdk@bmawGvkyfaew,fqdkwmvJ vlxkuolwdk@u wqifhodoGm;rSmyg[k ajym=um;oGm;onf? Ð

taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;OD;armifarmifOD;armifarmifOD;armifarmifOD;armifarmifOD;armifarmif

zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkzGJŒpnf;ykHtajccHOya'rl-urf;ESifhywfoufI a'oqkdif&mn‡dE+dif;aqG;aEG;yGJusif;yaepOfzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkzGJŒpnf;ykHtajccHOya'rl-urf;ESifhywfoufI a'oqkdif&mn‡dE+dif;aqG;aEG;yGJusif;yaepOfzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkzGJŒpnf;ykHtajccHOya'rl-urf;ESifhywfoufI a'oqkdif&mn‡dE+dif;aqG;aEG;yGJusif;yaepOfzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkzGJŒpnf;ykHtajccHOya'rl-urf;ESifhywfoufI a'oqkdif&mn‡dE+dif;aqG;aEG;yGJusif;yaepOfzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkzGJŒpnf;ykHtajccHOya'rl-urf;ESifhywfoufI a'oqkdif&mn‡dE+dif;aqG;aEG;yGJusif;yaepOf



{0HarokwH - u|Ekfyf Tokd@=um;vkduf&onf?

“ OD;jcHol}uD; æ OD;jcHol}uD; æjcHxJ0ifvm+yDcifAs”

&if;&if;ESD;ESD; atmf[pfE_wfquf+yD;0ifvmaom xkdtoH&Sifukd usaemfrSef;qI r&yg? xkd@a=umifh toHvm&mokd@ vSrf;=unfhvkdufygonf? tm; æ jcHxJ0ifvmolrSm olpdrf;wa,mufjzpfaeygvm;?

“vmyg {nfhonf? xkdifygcifAsm”usaemfu tdrf&Sif0wW&m;ESifhtnD

aEG;axG;pGm c&D;OD;óudqkdvkdufygonf? TwGif {nfhonfu xkdifckHwGif xkdifcsvkduf&if;ol@ukd,fol rdwfqufonf?

“usaemfhemrnfu ukda&$ausmufykvJpdef”

*Gwd*Gus æ uyfoD;uyfoyf emrnfyguvm;? ol@emrnfukd usaemf em;=um;jyif;uyf+yD; b0ifracG@jzpfaepOf olupum;quf.?

“ a&$oufoufacwfu ukefoGm;+yDOD;jcHol}uD;&J@? wvif;vif; wvufvufeJ@/ w0if;0if; wzdwfzdwf awmufyaewJhausmufrsufawG/ ausmufpdrf;awG/ ykvJawG/ pdefwkH;pdefcJawGukd tdaewJha&$eJ@ t¹ywfvkduf tckdifvkdufpDEkdifrS &wemavmurSm Akdvfwumwkd@&J@Akdvf/ AkdvftcsKyf&J@t*FgeJ@ nD!GwfayawmhrSmaygh? 'ga=umifhusaemfhemrnfu e0w etzacwfeJ@tnDukda&$ausmufykvJpdef”

t\_yfZmwfvrf;xJuvkd/ tJavw\kwfZmwfvrf;xJuvkd pl@xufpl ykdIykdI pGrf;aom t\_wfvlpGrf;aumif;/ tJava,mifvkd@ygcifAs? w\kwfvlpGrf;aumif;eJ@awG@aeygayghvm;?

“OD;jcHol}uD;&J@ æ usaemfajymcsifwmu 'DvkdygcifAsm? pum;tqef;topfetzacwfqkdwJh aqmif;yg;xJu b0ifruswJhtcsufukd aqG;aEG;csifwmyg? b,hfES,fAsm æ ppfAkdvfcsKyfawG&J@rD;zkdacsmifxJukd qeftaumif;pm;awGykd@+yD; vmbfxkd;=uwmu pmrzGJ@avmufygbl;? wuwnf;Asm æ OD;jcHol}uD;u uav;uvm;/tao;pm;ukd tav;xm;+yD; pmta&;‘um;’aevkdufwm”

eabawGxyfwJh ukd,fawmfjrwfygvm; æ? olu usaemfhukd a0zefaeyg+yDaumcifAsm;? a0zefa&; æ ukd,fhukda0zefa&;ukd tav;xm;&rnfrkd@/ ol@a0zefa&;ukd =unf=unfjzLjzL vkdvkdvm;vm;usaemftav;xm;&ygvdrfhrnf?

“'Dvkdyg æ OD;jcHol}uD;&J@? usaemfwifjyrSmu wu,fht}uD;pm;cifAs? t}uD;pm; æ? tif; æ 'gvnf; wu,fawmh t}uD;pm;r[kwfao;ygbl;Asm?tao;pm;xuf enf;enf;av;om ykd+yD;}uD;wmyg?”

“udka&$ausmufykvJpdefa&@ æ?usaemfu rsufpdukdtjrJzGifhxm;ygw,f?em;ukd tjrJpGifhxm;ygw,f? 'ga=umifh ajymcsifwmukd &ifxJ&SdwJhtwkdif; 'va[moGefcsvkdufygAsm”

TwGif ukda&$ausmufykvJpdefu avmuZmwfckHay:u uef@vef@umwvdyfukd qGJ

wifvkduf.? TwGif xl;xl;jcm;jcm; ZmwfuGufwuGuf ay:xGufvmygawmhownf?

ZmwfuGufcif;usif;&m ae&mum;ppfwkdif;rSL;wOD;. {nfhonfvufcHcef;raqmif? xkdcef;rt0ifwGif qifem;&GufESpf&Gufwyfxm;.? xkdqifem;&Gufwyf tayguf. a&S@buf0Jjcrf;wGif qkdzmxkdifckHwef;&Snf}uD; wwef; æ? ,mjcrf;wGiftvm;wl qkdzmxkdifckHwef;&Snf}uD; wwef; æ?

xkdqkdzmwef;&Snf}uD; ESpfwef;pvkH;ay:wGif awmufawmufajymifajymif p

a&$ausmufykvJpdef bGm;ueJawG@vkduf&+yD?cef;rxJrS pkHwGJwwGJ acgif;ukdikH@ cg;ukd!$wfvsuf jyefxGufvm=uonf? qifem;&GufESifhteD;qkH;&Sd {nfhonfpkHwGJukd wkdif;rSL;uawmfu olr. ,mbufvufacsmif;uav;rsm;jzifh rckd@w\kd@vuf,yfac:+yD; cef;rxJokd@ oGif;vkdufonf?

xkdfjrifuGif;a=umifh ukda&$ausmufykvJpdefonf pyg,f&S,fvpf txl;ukq&m0ef}uD;rsm;. aq;cef;t0if0 jrifuGif;ukdvSrf;+yD;owd&vkduf.? wkdif;rSL;uawmfuolemðyq&mr}uD;tvm; æ? xGufvm

wlawmfwJh”? xD;okH; eef;okH; usÏmef;okH;awmf0iftokH;tE_ef;ygwum;? armifwlawmfu ol@rdwfaqG ukda&$ausmufykvJpdefukd vufwkd@ac:vkduf wkdif;rSL;.cef;raqmifxJokd@ ESpfa,mufom; 0ifvmcJh=uonf?

ukda&$ausmufykvJpdefESifh armifwlawmfwkd@. rsufpda&S@arSmufjrifuGif;um; Tokd@jzpf.?

cef;r}uD;.xdyf&Sd tdpufnufanmaom zJarG@&mqkdzm}uD;ay:wGif wkdif;rSL;ESifh wkdif;rSL;uawmfpkHwGJu xkdifae.?

wGif omomav;wifvkdufonf? +yD;awmhzifaumufatmif wtm;ukefowdqGJ+yD;wkdif;rSL;ukd tav;ðyvkdufonf? xkd@aemuf{nfhonfxkdifckHwGif 0ifxkdifvkdufonf? cg;ukdrwfrwfxm;.? vufz0g;ESpfzufukd aygifESpfzufay:wifxm;onf? ukd,fae[efxm;rSm qufvuf+yD; owdqGJ qGJxm;onfhtvm; æ? onfwGif {nfhonftrsKd;om;rSm ppfAkdvfjzpfaeonfukd ukda&$ausmufykvJpdef &dyfrdvkdufonf?

{nfhonftrsKd;orD;url xkdifckHwGif0ifrxkdif? wkdif;rSL;uawmf.a&S@wGif =urf;jyifay:'l;axmifvsuf ygvmaom Al;rsm;xJrS uwWDygteDa&mifAl;av;ESifh tjyma&mifAl;uav;ukd OD;pGmzGifhvkdufonf?txJrS teDa&mifvufpGyfwuGif;ESifh tjyma&mifvufpGyfwuGif; æ pkpkaygif;vufpGyfESpfuGif;ukd wkdif;rSL;uawmf.vuf0g;xJukd \kd\kdaoao jiifjiifomom xnfhvkdufonf?

“rkd;ukwfxGufawGcsnfhygrr æ? ywWjrm;u yspfyspfESpfESpf ckdaoG;taumif;pm;ygrr? eDvmu uwWDygjr taumif;pm;ygrr? a*:ðyH; (6) vkH;pD ygaeygao;w,frr? nDrwkd@ uHaumif;vkd@&cJhwmygrr æ”

ukda&$ausmufykvJpdef. rsufpdtpkHonf vufpGyfESpfuGif;qDYom pl;pkdufrdvsufom;jzpfaerdonf? ol@E_wfrSvnf; wkd;wkd;av; a&&Gwfrdonf?

“rr æ rreJ@ rrawG vkH;csif;xyfaeygvm;?”

ukda&$ausmufykvJpdeftzkd@ jrifuGif;u wrsKd;jzpfaeonf? wkdif;rSL;uawmfu qkdzmay:xkdifvsuf/ {nfhonftrsKd;orD;u 'l;axmufvsuf? xkdpOf {nfhonftrsKd;om;u owdqGJ+yD;xkdifae&if; wkdif;rSL;tm; tpD&ifcHaeonf? vrf;azmufonf? wHwm;aqmufonf? wkdufwm}uD;rsm;/ tdrf,m}uD;rsm; wnfaqmufonf?a&umwm}uD;rsm;ukdvnf; wnfaqmufonf? b,fr#+yD;pD;ae+yD? b,ftcsdefb,ftcg b,fvkyfief;ukd t+yD;owfrnf?pDrHudef;u b,fvkd/ pDrHcsufu b,fhES,f?Tokd@trsKd;rsKd; tpD&ifcHaeykHrsm;ukd ukda&$ausmufykvJpdef jrifawG@=um;odae&onf?

ukda&$ausmufykvJpdef. em;tpkH/ rsufpdtpkHrSm wkdif;rSL;.{nfhonftrsKd;om;wkd@0kdif;ukdwvSnfh? wkdif;rSL;uawmfESifh {nfhonftrsKd;orD;[email protected];ukdwvSnfh [kda&$@'DE_duf rem;wrf;tvkyftawmf\_yfaeonf?

“'gu qvkHawGqDu&wJh ykvJppfppfygrr”

{nfhonftrsKd;orD;.toHu xGufvmjyefonf? xkdtoHvm&mqDukd ukda&$ausmufykvJpdefonf tm\kHukd jzwfceJ a&$@vkduf&jyefonf? olawG@jrifvkduf&onfrSm{nfhonftrsKd;orD;.vufxJwGif tjzLa&mifuwWDygAl;uav; æ? wkdif;rSL;uawmf.vuf0g;ay:wGif ykvJvkH;}uD;}uD;em;uyfw&H æ?

ppfwk dif;rSL;. {nfhonfcef;raqmif(r,kHr&S deJŒ uk d,fawGŒ )

rwfusus 0wfpm;qif,ifxm;aom txufwef;v$m vl@rvkdif usm; æ usm;æ r æ r twGJvkduf twGJvkduf wef;pDxkdifae.? ppfwkdif;rSL;xH tcpm;0if&eftvSnfhapmifhae=uolrsm;jzpfawmhoukd;æ?

wckaom qkdzmxkdifckHwef;&Snf. tpGef;qkH;wGif ukda&$ausmufykvJpdefonfwkdif;rSL;. t&if;acgufacguf wlawmfol/ rdrd. t&if;tjcm rdwfaqG&if;ESifhtwl wGJIxkdifaeonf? xkdpOf {nfhcef;r.t0ift0 qifem;&GufwHcg;yGifhvm.?yGifhvmaomqifem;&Guf vufjzifhtomav;ukdifxm;aom wkdif;rSL;uawmfukd ukd

ol 0ifvmolrsm;u a0'emonfrsm;toGif æ? rdrdonfvnf; a0'emonfw

wkdif;rSL;pkHwGJ.aemufausmfbuf eH&Htxufykdif;wGif wkdif;rSL;. ppf0wfpkHjynfh"mwfykH {&mrt}uD;}uD; csdwfxm;.? xkd"mwfykH}uD;. 0JbufwGif wkdif;rSL;uawmf. yk0gESpfp tomcsxm;aom "mwfykH{&mrt}uD;}uD;ukd ,SOfwGJcsdwfxm;jyef.?wkdif;rSL;wkd@pkHwGJ. a&S@wnfhwnfhwGif qufouefawmhypPnf;rsm;wifxm;aom ajcwkdpm;yGJ&Snf}uD;ESifh {nfhonfrsm;xkdif&efcsxm;aom qkdygckHwef;rsm;ukd awG@Ekdifonf?

ukda&$ausmufykvJpdefwkd@a&S@u uyf+yD;0ifoGm;wJhpkHwGJrS trsKd;om;u ygvmaomyufuifvSvStxkyfrsm;ukd ajcwkdpm;yGJay:

Ô cef;r}uD;.xdyf&Sd tdpufnufanmaom zJarG@&mqkdzm}uD;ay:wGif wkdif;rSL;ESifh wkdif;rSL;

uawmfpkHwGJu xkdifae.? wkdif;rSL;pkHwGJ.aemufausmfbuf eH&Htxufykdif;wGif wkdif;rSL;. ppf0wf

pkHjynfh"mwfykH {&mrt}uD;}uD; csdwfxm;.? xkd"mwfykH}uD;.0JbufwGif wkdif;rSL;uawmf. yk0gESpfp

tomcsxm;aom "mwfykH{&mrt}uD;}uD;ukd ,SOfwGJcsdwfxm;jyef.? Ô

OD;jzpfaeygayghvm;? xkdtawG;0ifaepOfwkdif;rSL;uawmfu wkdif;rSL;. wlawmfarmifukd acgif;+idrfhjy&if; vSrf;ac:vkdufonf?

“armifwlawmf a&mufaewmukd;æ 0ifvkdufav”

wkdif;rSL;uawmfac:vkdufykHu “armif

jcHol}uD;

Õ pmrsufESm (18) aumfvH (3) okdŒ



1990 jynfh/ arv (27) &ufae@wGif e0wrS}uD;rSL;usif;ycJhonfha&G;aumufyGJonf &Spfav;

vHk;'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;. atmifyGJtoD;tyGifhjzpfonf? ordkif;qufxHk;vnf;jzpfonf?

etzxkwfjyefcJhaoma=unmcsufrsm;ESifh Oya'rsm;t&vnf;aumif;/ w&m;t&vnf;aumif;/

,if;a&G;aumufyGJonf wdkif;ðyjynfðyv$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJr[kwfbJ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxG

a&G;aumufyGJjzpfonf? qdkvdkonfrSm ,if;a&G;aumufyGJonf zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'w&yfa&;qGJ&ef

twGufr#om&nf&G,fI usif;yjcif;r[kwfbJ EdkifiHwEdkifiH.tcsKyftjcmtm%m (3)&yfudk usifhoHk;

ykdifcGifh&Sdonfh ppfrSefaom'Drdkua&pDtpdk;&w&yfay:xGef;a&;twGuf&nf&G,fusif;ycJhaom wrsKd;

om;vHk;yg0ifqifEGJcJhonfh EdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_}uD;jzpfonf[k rdrdwdk@rStcdkiftrm,Hk=unfvsuf&Sdonf?

1989 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (15) &ufae@wGif e0wOuUÏjzpfol AdkvfcsKyfrSL;}uD;apmarmifu

“ æ usaemfwdk@ 'Dae@v$wfawmftm%mudk,lxm;wJhtcgrSm usaemfwdk@ vkyfcsifwmvkyfoGm;w,fqdkwmrsKd; rjzpfap&bl;? æv$wfawmfay:aygufvm&if a&G;aumufyGJ+yD;&if usaemfwdk@ v$wfawmfudkwifjyr,f? usaemfhrSmwm0ef&Sdw,f æ”[lIajym=um;oGm;aomfvnf; ,ckwdkif 1990 jynfh

a&G;aumufyGJ&v'ftjzpf jynfol@v$wfawmfac:,la&;udk ,ae@wdkif taumiftxnfrazmfEdkifcJhay?

1998 ckESpf arv (28) &ufae@wGif tzGJ@csKyftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; a':atmifqef;pk=unfu

“a&$;aumufyGJ&v'fudk taumiftxnfrazmfay;wm[m jynfolw&yfvHk;udk vdrfvnfvSnfhzsm;apmfum;&ma&mufygw,f”[k ‚.oabmxm;udk xkwfazmfajymqdkcJhonf? tzGJ@csKyfrS v$wfawmf

ac:,la&;twGuf t}udrf}udrfóud;yrf;tm;xkwfcJhaomfvnf; e0wwjzpfvJ etzppftpdk;&.

enf;rsKd;pHkjzifh [ef@wm;ydwfqdk@r_/ t=urf;zufr_rsm;a=umifh 1990 ckESpfa&G;aumufyGJrSwqifh azmf

jycJhonfh jynfolvlxk.vdktifqENrsm;udk taumiftxnfrazmfEdkifbJ jzpfae&ayonf?

,ckumvwGifetzonf EdkifiHawmft=urf;zuf0g' (State Terrorism) pepfudkusifhoHk;

vsuf 1990jynfha&G;aumufyGJ&v'ftm; zsufodrf;+yD; ppfwyfvuf0g;}uD;tkyf tkyfcsKyfa&;pepf

w&yf w&m;0ifcsrSwfEdkif&ef vrf;jyajryHk (7) qifhjzifh t}uD;tus,fóud;yrf;aeonfudk xifxif

&Sm;&Sm;awG@jrifae&onf? ,if;vrf;jyajryHktqifh (7) qifhwGif 1990 jynfha&G;aumufyGJ&v'fudk

vHk;0vspfvsL\_vsuf 1990 jynfha&G;aumufyGJ&v'ftm; ao;odrfedrfhusaprnfhvkyfief;rsm; csrSwf

vkyfaqmifvsuf&Sdonf? Tvkyf&yfonf 1990 jynfha&G;aumufyGJrsm;rSwqifhjyocJhonfh jynfolvl

xk. EdkifiHa&;vdktifqENrsm;udk vHk;0ypfy,fcsvdkufjcif;jzpfojzifh rnfodk@r#onf;cHvdkufavsmEdkifzG,f

r&Sday? xdk@tjyif wdkif;&if;om;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tygt0if EdkifiHa&;tiftm;pktm;vHk;rS w&m;r#

wpGm wdkufwGef;awmif;qdkaeonfh awG@qHkaqG;aEG;tajz&Sma&;udk cg;cg;oD;oD;jiif;y,fvsuf&Sd

.? ppfwyfv$rf;rdk;rnfh tkyfcsKyfa&;w&yfa&;qGJv#uf&Sdjcif;/ vufudkifwkwftzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udk

toHk;csI twdkuftcHwdk@tm; enf;aygif;pHkn‡if;yrf;ESdyfpufv#uf&Sdjcif;ponfh EdkifiHa&;jypfr_rsm;udk

usL;vGefv#uf&Sdonf?

etz.vrf;jyajryHk tqifh (7) qifh. aoe*FAsL[m&nfrSef;csufrSm (90) jynfha&G;aumuf

yGJ&v'fudk zsufodrf;v#uf ppftkyfpkoufwrf;&Snfrnfh tajccHOya'w&yfudk w&m;0ifa&;qGJ

twnfðyEdkifa&;yifjzpfonf? wenf;tm;jzifh jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;tm; ppfu|eftjzpf oGwfoGif;

rnfhpDrHudef;jzpfonf? xdkpDrHudef;tm; jynfolwdk@rSvdkufav#mrnfavm? odk@wnf;r[kwf y,fcsrnf

avm[lonfhtcsufrSm tjiif;yGm;zG,f&mr&Sd? 1990 jynfha&G;aumufyGJ&v'fwGifjyocJhaom vlxk

pGrf;yum;jzifh etz.\k'fruf (7) csufpDrHudef;tm; ordkif;a&;&mvdktyfcsuft& zsufodrf;&rnf

rSm ,ae@umv jynfolw&yfvHk;. wm0efjzpfonf[k rdrdwdk@rS,lqonf? txl;ojzifh 1990

jynfha&G;aumufyGJ&v'fudk taumiftxnfrazmfbJ aemufa&G;aumufyGJ topfusif;ya&;udk

rdrdwdk@rS rnfodk@rSvufcHEdkifrnfr[kwfay? odk@ygI ,ae@umv vwfwavm trsKd;om;EdkifiHa&;

wm0efjzpfonfh etz\k'fruf (7) csuftm; tqifhwdkif;wGif wdkufzsufa&;ESifh 1990 jynfha&G;

aumufyGJ&v'f taumiftxnfazmfa&;udk jynfolw&yfvHk;. pGrf;yum;udk&,lv#uf taumif

txnfazmfoGm;rnfjzpfyga=umif; NCUB rS tav;teufxkwfazmfa=unmtyfygonf?

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jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH trsKd;om;aumifpD. xkwfjyefa-unmcsuf

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Ô usaemfu &efukefwdkif; ajrmufOuUvmyòr@e,f trSwf (1) rJqENe,fajru v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfygw,f? &efukefwdkif;pnf;±Hk;a&tzJG@rSmvnf; 'kOuUÏyg? usaemfwdk@rJqENe,fajru rJqEN&Sifjynfolvlxku usaemfwdk@udk wcJeufrJay;vdkufwm[mrJqEN&SifjynfolawGay;tyfwJhwm0efudk av;pm;+yD;awmh quf+yD;awmh aus¹yefatmifxrf;aqmifr,fqdkwmudk rJqEN&SifjynfolawGudk (17) ESpfajrmufa&GaumufyJGESpfywfvnfae@rSm uwday;vdkygw,fvdk@ ajym=um;vdkygw,f? jrefrmEfdkifiHrSm 'Drdkua&pDeJ@vl@tcGifhta&; jyefvnfxGef;um;vmatmif jynfolvlxk&J@tusKd;pD;yGm;awG azmfaqmifEdkifatmif usaemfwdk@u quf+yD;awmhóu;yrf;aqmif&Gufr,fqdkwmudk usaemfwdk@uwdðyygw,f? ESpfywfvnfae@rSm uwdðyygw,f?

ajrmufOuUvmy trSwf (1) rJqENe,f jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f

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a':cifaX;ºu,f/ a&eHacsmif; trSwf (2) jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f

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OD;tkef;óuif ----

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cGef&frm;udkbef (z,fcHkòr@e,fjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f)

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OD;cspfwif (rif;vS/ rauG;wdkif; jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f)

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61? rsKd;jrifh+idrf; NLD

62? rsKd;rif;pdk; NLD

63? rsLd;rif;at; NLD

64? at;rif;pdk; NLD

65? aepdk; NLD

66? pef;xGef; NLD

67? cif0if; NLD

68? rGef;Edkif NLD

69? oef;Edkif NLD

70? nDnDOD; NLD

71? oef;xGÉf NLD

72? xGef;xGef; NLD

73? cifjrwfol -74? olZm -75? jrifhaZmf (c) aZmfrif; -76? qefeD (c) qifjrL&,fxGef;-77? OrRmjrifh -78? jrifhat; -79? rif;aZmf -80? wifwifarmf NLD

81? jzLjzLoif; NLD

82? cifxGef; NLD

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84? &D&Djr NLD

85? xdef0if; NLD

86? atmifodef; NLD

87? *pfoef;reD; NLD

88? Av NLD(MP)89? ZifrrxGef; NLD

90? ausmfOD; NLD

91? oef;atmif NLD

92? aomif;jrifh NLD

93? udkayguf NLD

94? 0if;Edkif NLD

95? atmifoef; NLD

96? atmifaX; NLD

97? N/A NLD

98? N/A NLD

99? xGef;xGef; NLD

pmtkyftrnf - tarSmif=um; u Armjynf

ðypka&;om;ol - 0if;wifhxGef;xkwfa0onfhckESpf - 27/ 5/ 2007tkyfa& - 1000wefzkd; - 10 a':vm (pmykd@cryg)qufoG,f&ef P.O.Box 50

AP Mae Sot

Tak 63110

Thailand.

teD;acwf ArmjynfEkdifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_orkdif;tusOf; 1948-2000

“obm0 ykvJppfygrr? azG;azG;tdtd}uD;ygrr? 'gvnf; nDrwkd@uHaumif;vkd@&cJhwmygrr”

ukda&$ausmufykvJpdef.rsufpdtpkHrSm rsufawmifrcwfawmhyJ ykvJyGifhrsm;ukdom pl;pkduf=unfhaerd.? xkd{nfhonftrsKd;orD;u tpdrf;a&mifuwWDygAl;xJrSausmufpdrf;vufaumufESpfuGif;uk dqGJxkwfvkdufonf? +yD;awmh wkdif;rSL;uawmf.vufxJ &G&Gav;xnfhvkdufjyef.?

“a*s'kdufausmufpdrf;ygrr? tvif;r_efjrpdrf;a&mifygrr? t&nfu &$rf;&$rf;tdpkdygrr? xdwfwef;trsKd;tpm;ygrr? nDrwkd@ uHaumif;vkd@&cJhwmygrr”

{nfhonftrsKd;orD;. toHav;rSm&Grf;&Grf;a0Iaeygonf? wkdif;rSL;uawmfuawmh ðyH+yD;&if;ðyH;&if; ðyH;I rqkH;jzpfae.?

xkdpOf {nfhonftrsKd;om;. aemufxyftpDt&ifcHoHu ukda&$ausmufykvJpdef. em;wGif;okd@ 0ifvmygonf?

“tb&J@ vrf;!$efcsuft& ‘e0if;aus &efajy’ apwDukd wnfaeygw,f/tkwfjrpfcs+yD;oGm;yg+yD? emrnf}uD; q&mawmfawGukdcsnf; yifhzdwf+yD; tkwfjrpfcscJhwmyg”

tbqkdwm wkdif;rSL;ukd vufatmufi,fom;awGu ac:a0:aom tokH;tE_ef;jzpf.? wzufwGif {nfhonfppfAkdvfuwkdif;rSL;xHav#mufxm;tpDt&ifcH æ?tjcm;wzufwGif {nfhonftrsKd;orD;uwkdif;rSL;uawmfa&S@arSmuf 'l;axmuf+yD;tpDt&ifvnf;cH/ tzkd;wefypPnf; wck+yD;wckukdvnf; qufo æ?

“rr&,f æ 'gav;ukd=unfhygOD;”{nfhonftrsKd;orD;.toHu xGufvm

onf? TwGif ukda&$ausmufykvJpdef.tm\kHonf trsKd;orD;0kdif;okd@ wr[kwfcsif;ul;oGm;.? wr[kwfcsif; olawG@vkduf&onfhrSm (6 x 4) cef@ tjzLa&mifuwWDygAl;jym;jym; æ? xkdAl;jym;av;xJrS qGJxkwfvkduf+yD; wkdif;rSL;uawmfvufxJ ,k,k,,av; xnfhvkdufonfrSm w0if;0if;/wvif;vif;/ wzdwfzdwf/ wvufvufawmufyaeaom pdefvnfqGJ æ?

“tjyma&mifav;oef;aeygw,frr? tjypftem pifygw,frr? obm0pdefppfpfygrr? nDrwkd@ uHaumif;vkd@&cJhwm ygrr æ”

ukda&$ausmufykvJpdefpdwfxJ n‡if;n‡if;uav; a&&Gwfrdjyefonf?

“nDrwkd@ uHaumif;vkd@&cJhwmyg qkdwmawguvnf; qufwkdufukdxyf+yD; vkH;csif;xyfaejyefygvm; æ ”

tJ'DvkdpdwfxJu a&&Gwfrd&if; ukda&$ausmufykvJpdefcrsm æ

“[m æ 'g OpPmapmifhtysKdckESpfazmfapmifha&SmufaewJh okdufeef;xJrsm;a&mufae&vm;”[k pdwfxJ Za0Z0gxifpkd;xdwfoGm;onf? xkdpOf wkdif;rSL;. cyf[def;[deftoHu ol@em;xJ 'kdif;ueJ0ifaqmifhvkdufonf?

“e0if;aus &efajyapwD xD;wif;&if }uD;}uD;us,fus,fyGJpnfygap? emrnf}uD;ayhqkdwJh bkef;}uD;awGukdcsnf; rsm;rsm;yifh? ºucsifvmcsifatmif tvSLypPnf;rsm;rsm;}uD;vSL? tJhvkdrsm;rsm;}uD; vSLr,fhta=umif; bkef;}uD;avmuxJESH@atmifóud+yD;owif;v$ifhxm;? emrnf}uD;bkef;}uD;awG rsm;rsm;ºuvmav y&dwfowfrsm;rsm;pnfav? tusKd;qufu wyfrawmfeJ@vlxk eD;pyfav? 'Dvkdpnf\kH;a&;aumif;av armifrif;vnf; &mxl;wufav? tJh'gukd =uyf=uyfowdxm;vkyf?”

wkdif;rSL;trdef@a=umifh ukda&$ausmufykvJpdef.pdwfxJ Tokd@awG;rd.?

“'DppfAkdvfawG[m ckwkH;vkyf tokH;cswJhae&mrSm bk&m;ukdawmif csrf;omray;bl;? bkef;}uD;awGvnf; tvGwfrxm;? yufpufvGef;vScsnfvm;? bk&m;\kdufawmhrSmyJ? bkef}uD;vnf;\kdufawmh æ”

ukda&$ausmufykvJpdef. tawG;rqkH;cif wkdif;rSL;. “uJ æ'gyJ” qkdwJh cyfjywfjywf yGJodrf;oHxGufvmonf? xkdyGJodrf;oHqkH;onfESifh {nfhonftrsKd;om;ESifh {nfhonftrsKd;orD;wkd@pkHwGJonf =urf;jyifwae&mokd@ ajymif;a&$@ae&m,l+yD; wkdif;rSL;pkHwGJukd OD;ukef;csygawmhonf? TwGif ukda&$ausmufykvJpdef xdwfvef@oGm;.?

“[kduf æ 'kuQygyJ? igu ppfwyfuodrf;xm;wJh ighajrukd jyef&atmif armifwlawmftm;ukd;eJ@vm+yD; tultnDawmif;wm? ighrSmygvmwmu rdom;pkwHqdyf

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ukda&$ausmufykvJpdef aZmac|;awGjyefvm.? 'dwf 'dwfckefvmaom &if0ukd,mvufjzifh zdxm;vkduf.? ol@rsufESmrSmvnf; jzLzwfjzLa&mfjzpfvmonf?owdvufvGwfoGm; ikdcsif;aw;wyk'fukda,mif+yD;[pfvkdufrd.?

“t=uH&cufygoaemf/ wkdif;rSL;eJ@wkdif;rSL;uawmf&,f/

'Dazr,f 'kuQawGrsm; ætm; æ [m; æ [m; ætm; æ [m; æ [m; æ”Tikdcsif;oHESifhtwl jynfzkH;um;ac:

uef@vef@umum;vdrfuusvm+yD; ZmwfuGufwuGufyGJodrf;oGm;ygawmhonf?

ZmwfuGufyGJodrf;oGm;awmh OD;jcHol}uD;uar;.?

“ukda&$ausmufykvJpdef&,f? 'g[mt[kwf t[kwfvm;/ vkyfZmwfvm;”

TwGif ukda&$ausmufykvJpdefu Tokd@ed*kH;owfvkduf.?

“'Dvkdqkd&if e0w etzppfAkdvfcsKyfawGukd pdefac:vkdufr,f? jiif;&J&ifjiif;?emrnfeJ@ukdazmfxkwfvkdufr,f? [J æ[J æ”

OD;jcHol}uD;(ykef;cJh&mjcH/ jynfwGif;)Ð

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pma&;olxHokd@arwWm&yfcHcsuf

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t,f'DwmtzGJ@



jynfwGif;v_yf&Sm;r_ "mwfykHrsm;ukdtokH;ðycGifhay;cJhaom

EkdifiHa&;tHwkr_aumfrwDESifh

EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;ulnDapmifha&Smufa&;toif;

(jrefrmEkdifiH)wkd@tm;

rkd;óu;owif;pOfrStxl;aus;Zl;wif&Sdygonf?

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qufoG,fay;ydk‹Edkifonf?

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Mae Sod, 63110

Tak , Thailand.

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pmrsufESmzGJŒpnf;r+atmifxuf

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2007 ckESpf/ arv (28) &ufae@wGif t*FvefEdkifiH/ vef'efòrd@Y trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr)t*FvefXmecJGudk zJG@pnf;vdkufa=umif;owif;&&Sdonf? ,if;zJG@pnf;onfh tpnf;ta0;wGif t*FvefXmecJG. zJG@pnf;yHktajccHOya'pnf;rsOf;tm; aqG;aEG;twnfðycJhonfhtjyif atmufazmfjyyg em,u(3) OD;ESifh tzJG@0if (12) OD; yg0ifonfhvkyfief;aumfrwDudk a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufcJh=uonf[k od&Sd&onf?em,ursm;rSmæ

a'gufwmcif0if;EG,f/ OD;vSrsKd;/ Pu-

scal Khoohtwe?

trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr) t*FvefXmecJG zJGŒpnf;/ a'gufwm0if;Edkifu OuU@tjzpfwm0ef,l

=unf. "mwfyHkyg rdk;ysHylaygif;rsm;udk v$wfwif=u onf[kqdkonf? tcrf;tem;wGiftJeft,fvf'D.a=unmcsufESifh &Spfq,fh&Spfausmif;om;rsm;. a=unmcsufrsm;udkzwf=um;=uonf?

tcrf;tem;t+yD;wGif pDpOfxm;onfhtwdkif; a&$wd*Hkbk&m;Y a':atmifqef;pk=unfESifh EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;tm;vHk;vGwfajrmufa&;qkawmif;yJGusif;y&eftzJG@csKyftzJG@0ifrsm;rS csDwufvmpOf etzvufudkifwkwf pGrf;tm;&SiftzJG@rS tiftm;oHk;I vrf;rsm;udkydwfqdk@um [ef@wm;cJhonf? ,if;tkyfpkxJrS A[ef;òrd@e,f r,uOuUÏ[kqdkolu “cifAsm;wdk@vkyfwmawG[m jynfolawGudk tvef@w=um;jzpfapw,f? 'ga=umifh cifAsm;wdk@ tjrefqHk;jyef+yD;awmhaemufqkwfyg? vlpkcJGyg”[k ajymqdka=umif; ausmif;om;rsm;u“'gqdk

tzGJ@0ifrsm;rSm æa'gufwm0if;Edkif (OuUÏ)/ OD;vGif

armif ('kOuUÏ)/ a'gufwmawZ (taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;)/ a'gufwmESif;eENmOD; (wJGbuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; -1)/ ukd&Srf;uav; (wJGbuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;- 2)/ a':eDwm&if&ifar (owif;ESifhjyef=um;a&;)/ ukdatmifausmf(pnf;\kH;a&;)/ ukdxGef;xGef; (b¾ma&;)/rpkpk=unf (pm&if;ukdif)/ roEWmvGif (trsKd;orD;a&;&m)/ a'gufwmESif;eENmOD;(EkdifiHjcm;qufqHa&;)/ ukdxGef;aomif;(jynfwGif;vkyfief;) wkd@jzpfonf?

Ð

[kwf+yD æ cifAsm;ajymovdk jynfolawGudk tvef@w=um;jzpfapw,fqdk&if wu,hfjynfoltppfawGudk wtdrfwufqif;usaemfwdk@vdkufar;r,f? olwdk@tvef@w=um;jzpfovm;? rjzpfbl;vm;qdkwm udk,fwdkifvdkufar;r,f”[k jyefajyma=umif;?odk@aomf ‚uvlpkcJG&efomajym+yD; 0dkif;0ef;ydwfqdk@aom etzrSpkaqmif;xm;onfh vlrdkufwpku \dkif;\dkif;pdkif;pdkif;atmf[pf ajymqdk=ua=umif; owif;rsm;t&od&Sd&onf?

ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifudkudk}uD;rSausmif;om;rsm;udk,fpm;ðyI =uH@zGwfrsm;ESifhpum;ajymaomfvnf; tajymrcHawmhyJ \dkif;\dkif;pdkif;pdkif;ESifh qJqdk&efp+yD; 0if\dkufrnfhyHkpHawG trsKd;rsKd;ðyvkyfaea=umif;aemufxyf tiftm;ig;&mcef@ um;rsm;ESifhxyfa&mufvm+yD;/ vrf;rsm;udk uef@vef@jzwfydwfqdk@a=umif;/ ,if;tzJG@udk &efukefwdkif; wdkif;rSL;udk,fwdkifuGyfuJI 'kwdkif;rSL;rS"rRm\HkxJrSapmifh+yD; pDrHaea=umif; rsufjrifyk*~dKvfrsm;ajym=um;csufrsm;t& od&Sd&onf?

,if;odk@ +idrf;csrf;pGm 0wfðyqkawmif;&ef vrf;av#mufvmol tzJG@csKyf0ifrsm;tm; rdkuf\dkif;pGm t=urf;zuf &efvkyfaqmifr_udk tm%mydkifrsm;u ausmaxmufaemufcHðy pDpOfjcif;r[kwfbJ rnfodk@r#jzpfEkdifzG,fr&Sda=umif; &efukefòr@dae yk*~dKvfwOD;uajym=um;cJhonf?

+idrf;csrf;pGm0wfðyqkawmif;onfhtzJG@wGif touft&G,f}uD;&ifhol tzGm;tdkrsm;/ Eke,fi,f&G,fonfh uav;oli,frsm; yg0ifaeonfhtwGufvnf;aumif;/a&S@qufwdk;rnfqdkygu olwdk@axmifacsmufxJ a&mufrnfjzpfonfhtjyif jynfolvlxkuvnf; pGef@pGef@pm;pm; vma&muf

1? atmifausmfpdk; HRDP

2? at;vGif HRDP

3? ,Of=unf HRDP

4? ol&defatmif -5? nDnDaZmf -6? ausmfausmf -7? atmifEdkifxGef; -8? a&$csKd; -9? a0vif; -10? &JxGef;awmuf -11? pdk;xdkufausmf -12? jrifhv_dif (c) udkjrifhEdkif HRDP

13? ausmfvGif HRDP

14? jrpdef HRDP

15? vS&Sdef HRDP

16? udkjrifh HRDP

17? udk0if; HRDP

18? pef;0if; NLD

19? 0if;jrifh NLD

20? wif,k Retailer

21? pef;Edkif (c) armifpef; NLD

22? &efEdkifxGef; Student

23? atmifrif;Edkif Seller

24? ausmfpdk;0if; Carpenter

25? vSvSarmf -26? oef@ZifrsKd; NLD

27? rsKd;ausmfZif -28? pdk;rif; NLD

29? opfvGifOD; -30? jrifhausmf -31? oef@Zif Seller

32? jrjrpef; -33? jrv_dif -34? at;rif;xGef; -35? aevif;atmif -36? jrifhausmfOD; -37? &Jjrwf[def; Student

38? &Jatmif -39? aexGef; -40? =unfjrifh -41? ausmfpdk; (c) aomfwm -42? bdkbdk0if;vd_if -43? rif;atmifvif; -44? &Jodef;Edkif -45? òzdk;a0vif; -46? apmausmfausmfrif; -47? at;vGif -48? \_dif;xufatmif -49? ausmfol0if; -50? òzd;a0atmif -51? at;Edkif -52? &JxGÉfatmif -53? =unfjzL -54? &Jrif;ol -55? xGef;xGef;Edkif Taxi Driver

56? atmifwif Carpenter

arvtwGif;zrf;qD;cH&olrsm;pm&if;

Õ pmrsufESm (16) aumfvH (3) okdŒ

Õ pmrsufESm (7) aumfvH (1) okdŒ æ

a&$*kHwkdif tzGJŒcsKyf¶kH;wGifusif;ycJhaom (17) ESpfajrmuf a&G;aumufyGJESpfywfvnfaeŒtcrf;tem;a&$*kHwkdif tzGJŒcsKyf¶kH;wGifusif;ycJhaom (17) ESpfajrmuf a&G;aumufyGJESpfywfvnfaeŒtcrf;tem;a&$*kHwkdif tzGJŒcsKyf¶kH;wGifusif;ycJhaom (17) ESpfajrmuf a&G;aumufyGJESpfywfvnfaeŒtcrf;tem;a&$*kHwkdif tzGJŒcsKyf¶kH;wGifusif;ycJhaom (17) ESpfajrmuf a&G;aumufyGJESpfywfvnfaeŒtcrf;tem;a&$*kHwkdif tzGJŒcsKyf¶kH;wGifusif;ycJhaom (17) ESpfajrmuf a&G;aumufyGJESpfywfvnfaeŒtcrf;tem;

vef'efòrdŒwGifusif;yaom t*FvefXmecGJ zGJŒpnf;jcif;tcrf;tem;vef'efòrdŒwGifusif;yaom t*FvefXmecGJ zGJŒpnf;jcif;tcrf;tem;vef'efòrdŒwGifusif;yaom t*FvefXmecGJ zGJŒpnf;jcif;tcrf;tem;vef'efòrdŒwGifusif;yaom t*FvefXmecGJ zGJŒpnf;jcif;tcrf;tem;vef'efòrdŒwGifusif;yaom t*FvefXmecGJ zGJŒpnf;jcif;tcrf;tem;

c&pfESpf/ 2007 ckESpf/ ZGefv jrefrmouU&mZf …owif;pOf T h e L i g h t n i n g N e w s l e t t e r...

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Transcript of c&pfESpf/ 2007 ckESpf/ ZGefv jrefrmouU&mZf …owif;pOf T h e L i g h t n i n g N e w s l e t t e r...