Copy of project 2011

8/7/2019 Copy of project 2011

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PROJECT MANAGEMENT



Project management is the disciplineof planning, organizing, securing andmanaging resources to bring aboutthe successful completion of specificproject goals and objectives.



A project is a temporary endeavor,having a defined beginning and endundertaken to meet unique goals andobjectives,usually to bring aboutbeneficial change or added value.



T he primary challenge of projectmanagement is to achieve all of theengineering project goals and objectiveswhile honoring the preconceived projectconstraints.



T ypical constraints are scope, time, andbudget . T he secondary²and moreambitious²challenge is to optimize theallocation and integration of inputsnecessary to meet pre-defined

objectives.



T wo forefathers of project managementare Henry Gantt, called the father of planning and control techniques.and Henri Fayol for his creation of the 5management functions which form the

foundation of the body of knowledgeassociated with project and programmanagement



A project manager is a professional inthe field of project management.



Project managers can have theresponsibility of the planning, execution,and closing of any project, typicallyrelating to construction industry,engineering, architecture, computing, or

telecommunications.



A project manager is the personaccountable for accomplishing the statedproject objectives. Key projectmanagement responsibilities includecreating clear and attainable project

objectives, building the projectrequirements, and managing the tripleconstraint for projects, which is cost,time, and scope.



A traditional phased approach identifiesa sequence of steps to be completed. Inthe "traditional approach", we candistinguish 5 components of a project (4stages plus control) in the development

of a project:



Project initiation stage;Project planning and design stage;Project execution and constructionstage;Project monitoring and controllingsystems;Project completion.



Project Management: Unofficial Definition

Project management is about organization

Project management is about changing people¶s behavior

Project management is about

decision making

Project management is about creating an environment conducive togetting critical projects done!



Project Management: Official Definition

A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or service. It implies± a specific timeframe± a budget

± unique specifications± working across organizational boundaries



Why Projects FailFailure to align project withorganizational objectivesPoor scopeUnrealistic expectationsLack of executive sponsorshipLack of project managementInability to move beyond individual andpersonality conflictsPolitics



Why Projects Succeed!

Project Sponsorship at executive levelGood project charter Strong project managementT he right mix of team players

Good decision making structureGood communicationT eam members are working toward

common goals



Why this matters to YOU

Most of us get to where we are by sometechnical or specific set of skills

If you want to get things done, you needa good blend of ± B usiness knowledge± People management

± Knowledge of organizational politics± AND an area of technical expertise

Th ose are t h e people t h at make t hi ngs h appen!



CAPITAL INVESTMENT

PHYSICAL ASSETS

INTANGIBLE ASSETSSTRATEGIC INVETMENTTACTICAL INVESTMENT

MANDATORY INVESTMENTEXPANSION/DIVERSIFICATION

MISCELLANEOUS INVESTMENT



IMPORTANCE

LONG-TERM EFFECTSIRREVERSIBILITY

SUBSTANTIAL OUTLAYS



DIFFICULTIES

MEASUREMENT PROBLEMSUNCERTAINITY

TEMPORAL SPREAD



PROJECT PLANNING

³Must Ask´ questions for planning successful ProjectsH ow would you describe your projects?Wh at are yours Goals and Objectives?Wh o will benefit from your project?Will you be creating an y product or services?Wh at kind of sc hedule do you anticipate?

Will you need an y partners or collaborators?Will you need an y information or advice?Wh at risks s hould you plan to manage?



Project Analysis

Market Analysis

Technical AnalysisFinancial AnalysisEconomic AnalysisEcological Analysis



Technical Analysis

A vailabilit y of raw material, Power and ot her InputsProduction Process

Equipment and Mac hines

Treatment of effluentsTec hnolog y ±Social point of view



Financial Analysis

Investment outlay and cost of ProjectMeans of Financing

Cost of Capital

Projected ProfitabilityBreak-Even PointProjected Financial Position

Level of Risk



Economic Analysis

Different Economic Benefits and Costs in termsof Shadow pricesImpact on Distribution of IncomeImpact on level of saving and InvestmentSelf-Sufficiency, Employment and Social order



Ecological Analysis

Environment-Polluting IndustriesLikel y damage

Cost of Restoration



Idea Generation:Existing Ideas¶ Analysis

T ruly innovative and novel: 3-4%Rest 96% ??Modification of existing ideas.T hree ways:EnhancementExtensionSpecialization



Idea Generation:

ExtensionAddition of extra features.Examples:T oothbrush with built-in toothpaste;Pen with torchlight;T he changing face of mobile phones;

Memory sticks with MP3 players;Wristwatch with calculators;Cinema Multiplexes;



Idea Generation:

SpecializationCreating your own niche out of a largefield.

Examples:Low cost airlines (Ryan Air, Air Deccan) ;B outique financial advisory services;Super-specialty hospitals (Fortis Heart

Centre) ;Executive Search firms (CxOs only, financeprofessionals only) .



Ex isting Products

Modified Products New Products

Ex isting Markets

IdentifiableMarkets

NewMarkets



IDEA GENERATION

OBJECTIVES OF NEW IDEA

INNOV A TIVE PRODUCTCOST REDUCTION

PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENTINCRE A SE IN C A PCITY UTILIS A TION

IMPROVEMENT IN CONTRIBUTION M A RGIN



IDEA GENERATION



Monitoring the EnvironmentEconomic Sector

Economic SectorState of the Economy

Overall rate of growthGrowth rate of Primary, Secondary, and tertiary sectorCyclical fluctuations

Trade surplus/ Deficit

Balance of Payment Situation



Monitoring the EnvironmentGovernment Sector

Industrial PolicyGovernment Programmes and Projects

Tax Framework Subsidies, Incentives and Concessions

Import and Export PoliciesFinancing Norms

Lending Conditions



Monitoring the Environment

Technological Sector

Emergence of New Technologies

Access to Technical-how, Foreign as well as indigenous




Socio-demograp hic Sector

Population trendsAge shifts in population

Income distributionEducation Profile

Employment of Women

Attitude toward consumption and Investment




Competition Sector

Number of firms in the industry and the market share of the top few

Degree of homogeneity and differentiation among products

Entry barriers

Marketing policies and practices




Supplier Sector

Availability and cost of raw materials and sub-assemblies

Availability and cost of energy

Availability and Cost of Money



Corporate Appraisal



Corporate AppraisalMarketing and Distribution

Production and Operation


Research and Development

Corporate Resources and Personnel

Finance and Accounting



Marketing and Distribution

Market imageProduct line

Market shareDistribution network

Customer loyaltyMarketing and distribution cost




Condition and capacity of plant and Machinery

Availability of Raw material, sub-assembles and Power

Degree of Vertical Integration

Location advantage

Cost structure



Research and Development

Research capabilities of the firm

Track record of new product development

Laboratories and testing facilities

Coordination between research and operations



Corporate Resource and Personnel

Corporate image

Dynamism of top management

Competence and commitment of Employees

State of industrial relations



Finance and Accounting

Financial leverage and borrowing capacity

Cost of capital

Tax situation

Accounting and control system

Cash flows and liquidity

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