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PSN GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
Name : _____________________ Department : _________________
Register No : _____________________ Semester : _________________
Subject : _____________________________________________________
Name of the college : ______________________________________________
Certified that this Bonafide Record of the work done by the
above Student of the ___________________________________
Laboratory during the year ______________________________
__________________ _____________________
Signature of Lab in-charge Signature of Head of Dept.
Submitted by the Practical Examination held on ______________________
_______________ ______________
Internal Examiner External Examiner
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INDEX
Name of the Lab :
Name of the Staff in-charge :
Sl.
No
Date of
ExperimentName of the Experiment
Page
NoStaff Sign
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solve real engineering problems and in identifying when modeling mistakes have been made
(which can easily occur)
The eight steps mentioned above have to be carried out before any meaningful information
can be obtained regardless of the size and complexity of the to be solved.However,the specific
commands and procedures that must be used for each of the steps will vary from one finite elementpackage to another.The solution procedure for ANSYS is described in this tutor.
Limitations of finite element methods
Finite element methods are extremely versatile and powerful and can enable designers to obtain
information about the behavior of complicated structures with almost arbitrary loading. In spite of the
significant advances that have been made in developing finite element packages, the results obtained
must be carefully examined before they can be used. Thus point can be over emphasized.
The most significant limitation of finite element methods is that the accuracy of the obtained
solution is usually a function of the mesh resolution. Any regions of highly concentrated stress.Suchas around loading points and supports,must be carefully analyzed with the use of a sufficiently refined
mesh.In addition,there are some more problems which are inherently singular(the stresses are
theoretically infinite).Special efforts must be made to analyze such problems.
An additional concern for any user is that because current packages can solve so many
sophisticated problems, there is a strong temptation to solveproblems with outdoing the hard work
of thinking them and understanding the underlying mechanics and physical applications.Modern finite
element packages tools that have become increasingly indispensable to mechanical design and
analysis. How ever they also make it easy for users to make big mistakes.
Obtaining solutions with finite element methods often requires substantial amounts ofcomputer and user time. Nevertheless,finite element packages have become increasingly
indispensable to mechanical design and analysis.
AN INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS
Overview
Presented below is an introduction ANSYS.In this, you simulate the loading of a
square,elastic plate with a central hole under plane stress conditions.Because of the symmetry of the
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problem,you only need to model 1/4 of the plate as indicated on the right hand side below: the lines
lab sled 1and2are lines of mirror symmetry.
The purpose of the analysis is to determine the stress and strains surrounding the hole. From
such an analysis you can tell,for instance the stress at which the plate will begin to yield (based on a
von mises criterion).There are analytical solutions for this problem (one of which is shown in Dietersbook,chapter 2),so it is possible to cheek the numerical answers from finite element analysis (FEM)
based on the analytical solutions.
The analysis below proceeds through the following steps
1) Define the type of problem(structural)
2) Define the element type to be used
3) Specify material properties
4) Define the shape of the object.
5) Mesh the object
6) Define the( loadcan mean stresses, displacements,temps.etc)
7) Obtain a solution
8)Access and interpret the results.
The details
After entering into ANSYS you should be presented with a collection of window.The firstwindow you are interested in is at the left hand side of the screen and called ANSYS MAIN MENU.It
contains headings like
PREFERENCES
PREPROCESSOR
Etc.
1. Define the type of problem (structural)To specify the general type of problem in which you are interested (a structural problem),
click with your mouse on
PREFERENCES
This opens a window.Click on
WILL SHOW
Next to STRUCTUTRAL. You can now hit
OK
To get out of PREFERENCES.You are now going to work in the PREPROCESSOR.
Essentially,most of the work is done here (steps1-5 above).
2.
Define the element type to be used.CLICK
PREPROCESSOR
If you havent already.Next choose
ELEMENT TYPE
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Choose
ADD
Which takes you a library of element types?Choose
STRUCTURAL SOLID
Choose
QUAD4NODE 42
Then hit
OK
You are doing a two dimensional problem and the quad 4node 42 element is a 2D element (or
if needed an element for cylindrical symmetry,which can be treated as quasi 2 D element).The
element can either do plane stress or plane strain. You can vary option by getting into OPTIONS
window.By default,the element is set to plane stress. Now get out of the ELEMENT TYPES and back
into the PREPROCESSOR by clicking.
CLOSE
Next, you want to specify the important material parameter.3. Specify material properties.
In the PREPROCESSOR,choose
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Choose
MATERIAL MODELS
LINEAR
ELASTIC
ISOTROPIC
You want to input properties, say
EX=200e3(The youngs modulus of steel in mpa) and poissons ratio
PRXY=0.3
You want to save the material parameters by hitting
OK
And closing the MATERIAL MODELS window.You should return to the PREPROCESSOR
window. You are now ready to start detailing the shape of the object.
4. Define the shape of the objectFrom the PREPROCESSOR window choose MODELLING
In MODELLING choose
CREATEThen choose
AREAS
And
RECTAGLE
You can size and locate the rectangle by choosing
BY DIMENSIONS
To create a 1010 square, fill in the box
0 100 10
Click OK to get out of the DIMENSIONS box and then close the RECTANGLE box. At this point, a
big rectangle should appear on the screen. You are next going to introduce a circle to the drawing so
that you can subtract it from the rectangle.In the AREAS window choose
CIRCLE
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Then choose
BY DIMENSIONS and set
OUTER RADIUS 3
And
ENDING ANGLE 90
Then hit
OK
And close the CIRCLE and CREATE windows.You should now be back in the
PREPROCESSOR.You want to subtract the circle from the rectangle so open
MODELING
And then
OPERATE
BOOLEANS
SUBTRACT
At this point a SUBTRACT areas box will open up.you should look carefully for instructions in a
grey dialog box or window at the left bottom of ANSYS screen menu window. Then instructionsrequest that you click with the mouse on the area from which you are going to subtract something.
Click THE MOUSE SOMEWHERE IN THE CENTER OF THE RECTANGLE,and then hit
OK
Next, the dialog box requests that you use the mouse to indicate the area to be subtracted.CLICK THE
MOUSE ON THE CIRCLE and then hit
OK
Close the SUBTRACT and OPERATE windows and then return to the PREPROCESSOR. The object
should look like this:
The sides have been numbered of the object in the above diagram to help with subsequent
instructions: the numbers are not shown on the ANSYS screen. Now you can get out of modeling.You
are ready to mesh the object.
5. Mesh the objectIn the PREPROCESSOR go under MESHING and choose
SIZE CONTROLS
Then
LINES
And PICKED LINES
A menu window will open up and the box at the bottom left of ANSYS will ask you to use
the mouse to pick the lines to be meshed. CLICK ON LINES 1AND 2 WITH THE MOUSE. If youaccidentally click on the wrong line, you can undo your choice by hitting the secondary button on the
mouse. Doing this will turn the mouse cursor from an upward-pointing arrow Y to a downward
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pointing arrow B.if you click on the unwanted object with the downward pointing arrow ; it is taken
off list of picked lines.After choosing lines 1 and 2 you should hit
OK
And a new menu will pop up.Set the following boxes:
Ndiv 20
SPACE1/3
And hit
OK
To help you see what you have done, you can now go up to plot menu under the main utility
window at the top of ANSYS and click LINES. This action will cause the computer to show the
boundary lines including nodes established on lines 1 and 2. There are 20 nodes (Ndiv=20) on each
line, and the nodes near the outer surface are separated by thrice the separations of nodes the inner
circle because it acts as a stress concentrator: the stress varies rapidly within this region. Next hit
PICKED LINES
Again choose the circularshaped inner line labeled 3 in above diagram. SetNDIV 21
Space 1
Hit
OK
And get out of the SHAPE AND SIZE WINDOW (you should be back in the PREPROCESSOR)
NEXT click
MESH
Click on mouse on
AREAS
Click the mouse on
MAPPED
Then
CONCATENATE-LINES
The computer will ask you to pick the lines to concatenate (join together for the purpose of
meshing):you should choose lines 4 and 5 in the above diagram,the reason for doing that is that it is
impossible to construct a 5 sided object(your rectangle with a hole)from a 4- side pieces (the
elements quad 4 node 42) you join together two of the sides to make the object 4-sided.Hit
OK
Next choose
3 OR 4 SICED
The computer will ask you to choose the area to be meshed.Choose your rectangle,then hit
OK
Then computer should think a little bit then produce a mesh that looks something like a spider web:
You are now finished meshing the area.Close the windows
and return to preprocessor.If for some reason the mesh looks asymmetric or messy,you can try
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repeating the meshing sequence and middle around until you get something that looks nice (this will
probably not be a problem).
6. Define the loadsBack in the preprocessor window,choose
(DEFINE) LOADSAt the bottom of the window. In this window,choose
TIME/FREQUENCY
TIME &SUBSTEPS
And enter
Time at end of steps 10
Number of sub steps 10
Choose
STEPPED
Boundary conditions)
And hitOK
Next, in the LOADS WINDOW hit
APPLY
Then
STRUCTURAL
THEN
PRESSURE
And finally
ON LINES
The computer finally asks you choose with the mouse the lines on which the pressure is to be applied.
Choose line 4(top of rectangle) with the mouse, then click
OK
The computer will ask you for the amount of pressure. A positive number corresponds to a
compressive pressure, while a negative number corresponds to a tensile pressure. A reasonable value
of stress corresponds toE/100 orE/1000:you might usele3 corresponding to e/200 (if earlier you
used E=200e3).After you input the number hit
OK
Then close the PRESSURE window. At this point little one or more little red arrows will appear on
the screen indicating that traction exists.Next in the STRUCTURAL menu, choose
DISPLACEMENTS
Then
SYMMETRY
ON LINES
The program will ask you to indicate the lines of symmetry; you should choose lines 1and line2. You
ready to ask the computer to solve the problem that you have set up.
7. Obtain a solutionFrom the MAIN MENU pick the
SOLUTION
Window.From the SOLUTION window,choose
SOLVE
Then
CURRENTLS
Then hit
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OK
The program will crunch along, and will eventually halt and produce a pretty picture showing the
boundary conditions on the plate.
8. Plotting the resultsBack in the MAIN MENU choose
GENERAL POST PROCESSOR
Then
READ RESULTS
Choose what you want plotted (LAST RESULTS, STRESS,Y-DIRECTION,then hit
OK
And get back into GENERAL POST PROCESSOR.Next hit
PLOT RESULTS
And ELEMENT SOLUTIONS
You then to decided what it is you want to plot.You can now animate the picture by going to the
ANSYS/UNIVERSITY UTILITY MENU at the top of the computer screen and clickingPLOTCTRLA
ANIMATE
DEFORMED RESULTS
STRESS (for instance)
Y-DIRECTION (for instance)
You can plot stress Vs position by going into
GENERAL POST PROCESSOR
PATH OPERATONS
DEFINE PATH
Then clicking on two nodes that you wish to define as the first and last points along a path along
which you wish to obtain the strain or stress.After seleeting nodes,click
OK
Then under PATH OPERATIONS click
MAP ON TO PATH
And for instance click
STRESS
Y-DIRECTION
OKNext click
PLOT PATH ITEMS
SY
OK
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STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM
Ex.No:2
DATE:
AIM:
To structural analyze of simply supported beam for stresses and
deflection.
SOFTWARE USED:ANSYS 11.0
PROCEDURE:
The modules available in ANSYS are
PreferencesStructural Prepocessor Element TypeAdd /
Edit / Delete Add Beam Real constants Add / Edit / Delete
Add(100,833,10)Material PropsMaterial ModelsStructural
Linear Elastic Isotropic Modeling Create
KeypointsIn Active CS ( )apply ( )OK LinesLinesStraight line Click ( 1
stpoint to 2
ndpoint )
MeshingMesh toollines (select line)Edge length(10)
MeshSelect lineSolutionDefine loadsApplystructural
Displacement On keypointsSelect 1stpoint Select *
+
On keypoint select 2nd
point Select Pressure On Beams Pick All node1(1) General Postproc Plot result Contour
plot Nodal solu Dot Solution Displacement vector sum
Element table Define table Add Smaxi by sequence num
NMISC1ApplySMAXJBy sequence numNMISC3OK
Plot result
Line element result .
Set
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RESULT:
Thus the simply supported beam with a point load was analyzed for
stress, deflection, and bending moment successfully.
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STRESS ANALYSIS OF A CANTILEVER BEAM
Ex.No:3
DATE:
AIM:
To stress analysis of a cantilever Beam.
SOFTWARE USED:ANSYS 11.0
PROCEDURE:
The modules available in ANSYS are
PreferencesstructuralPrepocessorElement typeAdd / Edit
/ Delete add Beam Real constants Add / Edit / Delete
Add(100,833,10)Material propsMaterial models Structural
Linear Elastic Isotropic Modeling Create
KeypointsIn Active CS
( )
apply
(
)
OK Lines Lines Straight line Click ( 1stpoint to 2
ndpoint )
MeshingMesh toolsmart sizeMeshSelect lineSolution
Define loadsApplyStructuralDisplacementOn Keypoints
Select 1st point All DOF Force/ Moment On keypoints
Select 2nd
point (-100) Solve Current LSGeneral
postprocPlot resultsDeformed shafeDef+ underformedOK
FY
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RESULT:
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Thus the stress analysis of a cantilever beam was analyzed for stress
and deflection by using ANSYS 11.0.
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ANAYSIS OF A PLATE WITH A HOLE
Ex.No:4
DATE:
AIM:
To stress analysis of a plate with a hole .
SOFTWARE USED:ANSYS 11.0
PROCEDURE:
The modules available in ANSYS are
PreferencesStructural Preprocessor Element typeAdd /
Edit / DeleteAddSolid8 node 82OKoptionsPlane strs
w /thkReal constantsAdd / Edit / DeleteAddOkTHK (20)
Material Props Material models Structural Linear Elastic
Isotropic Modeling Create Areas
Rectangle By 2 corners (0,0,200,100) Circle Solid circle(100,50,20) Operate Booleans SubtractAreas Click
Rectangle surface Ok Apply Select circle Next Ok
Meshing Mesh tool smart size Mesh Pick All solution
Define loadsApplyStructuralDisplacementOn linesselect
lineAll DOFOkPressureOn linesPick opposite lineOk
Load PRES value(-1) Ok solve Current LS General
Postproc Plot results Deformed shafe Def + underformed
Contour plotNodal solutionstressvon mises stressOk.
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STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF AN-L-BRACKET
Ex.No:5
DATE:
AIM:
To structural analyze on L bracket for stresses and deflection by using
ANSYS 11.0.
SOFTWARE USED:ANSYS 11.0
PROCEDURE:
The modules available in ANSYS are
Preferences Structural Prepocessor Element Type Add / Edit /
Delete Add Beam Real constants Add / Edit / Delete Add
(100,833,10) Material Props Material Models Structural Linear
ElasticIsotropic ModelingCreateKeypoints
In Active CS ( ) apply ( ) apply
( ) apply (
) apply (
)
apply ( )OK Lines Lines Straight line create linein all points Meshing Mesh tool smart size Mesh Pick all
solution define loads Apply Structural displacement On
keypointsclick 1 & 6th
pointOkAll DOFOkForce / Moment
ON keypoints Select 3rdpoint Ok (-100) Ok Solve Current LS General Post proc Plot results contour plot Nodal
solutionDOF SolutionDisplacement vector sumOk.
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RESULT:
Thus the L Bracket subjected to a load on the top edge was analyzed for
stress, deflection, by using ANSYS 11.0.
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STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THIN PLATE
Ex.No:6
DATE:
AIM
To stress analysis of a plate with hole.
Software used
ANSYS 12.0
PROCEDURE
The modules available in ANSYS are
Preference Structural Preprocessor Element Type Add/Edit/Delete Add
Solid 8node 82 Ok Options Plane Strs W /Thk Real Constants
Add/Edit/Delete Add Ok Thk (20) Material Props Material Models
Structural Linear Elastic Isotropic Modeling Create Areas
Rectangle By 2 Corners (0,0,200,100) Meshing Mesh Tool Smart Size Mesh
Pick All Solutions Defineloads Apply Structural Displacement On Lines
Selectline All Dof Ok Pressure On Lines Pick Oppositeline Ok Load
Presvalue (-1) Ok Solve Current LS General Post Proc Plot Result
Deformed Snap Def +Undeformed Contour Plot Nodal Solution Stress Von
Mises Stress Ok
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RESULT
Thus the stress analysis of a plate with a hole was analyzed for stress and deflection by using
ANSYS 12.0
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ANALYSIS OF AXIS SYMMETRY
Ex.No:7
DATE:
AIM
To structural analysis of axis symmetri in channel section ANSYS 12.0
Software used
ANSYS 12.0
Procedure
The Modules Available In ANSYS Are Preferences Structural Preprocessor
Element Type Add/Edit/Delete Add Beam Real Constants Add/Edit/Delete
Add (100,833,10) Material Probs Material Models Structural Linear
Elastic Isotropic Modeling Create Keypoints In Active CS
( ) Apply (
) Apply (
) Apply
( ) Apply ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )Ok Lines Lines Straight Line Create Line In All Points Meshing Mesh Tool Smart Size Mesh Pick All Solution Define Loads
Apply Structural Displacement On Keypoints Click 1& 8thPoint Ok All
DOF Ok Force / Moment ON Keypoints Select 3 rdPoint Ok (-100) Ok Solve Current LS General Post Proc Plot Results Contour Plot
Nodal Solution DOF Solution Displacement Vector Sum Ok
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Result
Thus the axis symmetric to a c channel was analyzed for stress, deflection, by using ANSYS12.0
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MODEL AND ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER BEAM
Ex.No:8
DATE:
AIM:
To model and analyze cantilever beam
SOFTWARE USED: ANSYS 11.0
PROCEDURE:
The modules available in ANSYS are
Preferences Structural PrepocessorElement Type Add / Edit
/ Delete Add Beam Real constants Add / Edit / Delete Add
(100,833,10) Material Props Material Models Structural Linear
Elastic Isotropic Density DENS (8.76e-6) Ok
Modeling Create Keypoints In Active CS (
)
apply( )OK Lines Lines Straight line Createline Ok Meshing Size controls Manual size Global Size
edge length (10) Ok Mesh Lines select line Ok Solution
Analysis typeNew analysisModelOkAnalysis optionssubspace
No.of modes to extract(5) NMODE No.of modes to expand (5) Ok
define loadsApplyStructuralDisplacementOn keypointsselect
1stpoint OkAll DOFOk Solve Current LS General Post proc
( Read results First set Plot result Deformed shape Def
+Undeformed Ok ) (Read results Next set This procedure upto 4
times)Ok
In a tool bar (Plot ctrlsAnimateMode shapeOk).
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RESULT:
Thus the modal analysis of a cantilever beam was analyzed for model and
deflection by using ANSYS 11.0.
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MODEL AND ANALYSIS OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM
Ex.No:9
DATE:
AIM:
To model and analyze of a simply supported beam for stresses and
deflection.
SOFTWARE USED:ANSYS 11.0
PROCEDURE:The modules available in ANSYS are
Preferences Structural PrepocessorElement Type Add / Edit
/ Delete Add Beam Real constants Add / Edit / Delete Add
(100,833,10) Material Props Material Models Structural Linear
ElasticIsotropic[ ]DensityDENS (8.76e-6)Ok
Modeling Create Keypoints In Active CS ( )
apply( )OK Lines Lines Straight line Createline Ok Meshing Size controls Manual size Global Size
edge length (10) Ok Mesh Lines select line Ok Solution
Analysis typeNew analysisModelOkAnalysis optionssubspace
No.of modes to extract(5) NMODE No.of modes to expand (5) Ok
define loadsApplyStructuralDisplacementOn keypointsselect
1stpoint OkSelect ( )OkOn keypoints select 2
ndpoint
OkSelect Ok Pressure On beams Pick All Node I(1)OkSolveCurrent Ls General Post proc Read resultsFirst set
Plot resultDeformed shapeDef +UndeformedOk (Read results
Next setThis procedure upto 4 times)
In a tool bar (Plot ctrlsAnimateMode shapeOk).
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RESULT:
Thus the modal analysis of a simply supported beam was analyzed for
model and deflection by using ANSYS 11.0.
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MODEL AND ANALYSIS OF PLATE WITH A HOLE
Ex.No:10
DATE:
AIM:
To model and analyze of a plate with a hole.
SOFTWARE USED:ANSYS 11.0
PROCEDURE:
The modules available in ANSYS are
Preferences Structural PrepocessorElement Type Add / Edit
/ DeleteAddSolid8 node 82OKoptionsPlane strs w /thk
Real constants Add / Edit / Delete AddOk THK (20) Material
Props Material models Structural Linear Elastic Isotropic
Density DENS(8.76e-6) Modeling CreateAreas
Rectangle By 2 corners (0,0,200,100) Circle Solid circle
(100,50,20) Operate Booleans SubtractAreas Click Rectangle
surface Ok ApplySelect circle Next OkMeshing Size ctrls
Manual sizeAreasPicked areasPick All edge length(10)Ok
Mesh Areas Target surf Pick all solution Analysis type New
analysis Modal Ok Analysis options subspace No.of modes to
extract(5) NMODE No.of modes to expand (5) Ok define loads Apply Structural Displacement On lines Select one side line
OkAll DOFOk Solve Current Ls General Post proc Read
results First set Plot result Deformed shape Def +Undeformed
Ok Read resultsNext set(This procedure upto 4 times)
In a tool bar (Plot ctrlsAnimateMode shapeOk).
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RESULT:Thus the model analysis of a plate with a hole was analyzed for model
and deflection by using ANSYS 11.0.