Facility Life Safety

Control de Riesgos para Colegios John DouganII Congreso SudamericanoBuenos AiresGestin de Riesgos29 al 31 de julio de 20141PROGRAMA DE SEGURIDAD

ExcelenteMuy bueno BuenoRegularMaloMHaving visited schools around the world, I have seen safe, well cared for institutions and others that are unsafe and deteriorating.In this presentation we will discuss some of the hazards and safety issues observed during surveys and ways to avoid losses associated with those conditions. As we look at the various safety elements, think about your schools program and whether it is good or needs attention.

2SEGURIDAD : ITS UP TO USCdigos y reglamentos localesIncidentesQuCmoPrevencin

Local codes and regulations can and probably do provide the basic foundation for an institutions safety program at most schools. In most cases, however, codes are not enough, and we need to take additional steps on our own to enhance our safety program. What incidents have occurred at our school or others? We can learn a lot just by watching the news or reading a newspaper and observing tragedies that have occurred at other institutions and made the news. Looking at how the incident happened we can determine the appropriate actions to take to prevent the same losses from happening to us.Lets look at some of the elements needed for an effective safety program.3ELEMENTOS CLAVEDirector de SeguridadJunta de SeguridadPrograma de SeguridadPlan de preparacin para emergenciasEquipo de Seguridad/emergenciaSimulacrosCapacitacin a los empleadosAuto inspeccin: identificacin y correccin

4A number of key elements often found missing are critical to the safety program.Schools need to appoint someone as safety director or officer. The safety director will be the individual who becomes familiar with codes and safety standards that can protect people and property. He or she will also be responsible for communicating that knowledge to the administration, employees and an active safety committee made up of all departments and administration. Together with the safety committee, the safety director will establish active safety and emergency preparedness programs, ensure safety equipment is in place and operating properly, and conduct drills.Administration and safety will also ensure that employees are trained regarding safe work practices and the use of personal protective equipment like safety glasses and hearing protections, etc. And they will perform self-inspections to identify safety hazards and correct unsafe conditions.

FROM THE DISEOSTAGE Ms econmicoModerno/costosoDiseo de las instalacionesProteccinMs seguroSalida segura Diseo del programaPlan de emergenciaCapacitacin

5Designing and building for safety from the start is less expensive than having to retrofit a facility later.How buildings are designed greatly influences safety and security. Good facility designs control access to a facility. They also protect occupants from the spread of smoke and fire. It provides safety features like handrails and guardrails that keep people from falling.Good designs also plan for and provide safe egress from facilities.Program design is also critical. Do we have a good emergency plan and have our employees been trained in their responsibilities?

CONSTRUCCINFOR SAFETY Diseada para:Tipo de ocupacinPunto de reunin y multitudesResidencial/dormitoriosNmero de ocupantesSalidas ampliasSeguridad contra incendiosSeguridadElementos naturales

6Properly constructed buildings at any school should be designed for the type of occupancy (a buildings intended use).A school may have several types of occupancy including offices, classroom buildings, residential and assembly (churches, chapels, cafeterias, and auditoriums). Each type has its own requirements. For example: Assembly occupancies, have many occupants and need wider corridors and additional exit doors, while dormitories have sleeping occupants, and need early fire detection from smoke detectors and alarm systems.Fire safety considerations may include detection, extinguishment, and fire and smoke separation.Additional security may be needed in some areas or the whole building may need strong security measures, like fences, alarms, cameras, etc.Buildings must also be constructed to withstand natural elements like earthquakes where movement and flexibility is important, or hurricanes, where roofs must withstand wind forces. SALIDAPuerta de emergenciaBarra antipnicoG

7For occupants to safely exit a facility a number of safety elements must be in place:Codes in some locations require that doors swing out in any facility with fifty or more people, allowing a smooth egress. There was no occupancy posted in a large auditorium observed, but there appeared to be ample doors. Unfortunately, the doors all swung in, against egress. When a crowd of panicked people arrives at doors at the same time, they push forward and the door cannot be opened. People die. Local codes may differ, but the number fifty was adopted following studies of fire losses and deaths by an international organization. Even if doors swing outward if they do not have panic hardware, it will be difficult to turn the handle or knob and open the door. Many codes therefore require panic hardware on exit doors of all educational occupancies and any assembly occupancies that have fifty or more people. (International Building or International Fire Code)Publicacin de ocupacinDos salidas como mnimo. Seales de salidaColocar pasillosPasillos libresEvitar bloqueo, encadenamiento u obstruccin de puertas

SALIDAHow many people does your facility safely hold? The Occupancy should be posted for assembly areas, and aisles maintained to ensure quick access to exit doors. Often we want to fill the aisles with chairs to seat additional people. In doing so we reduce the size of the aisle and create tripping hazards that will slow evacuation. There should be a minimum of two ways out and the exits should be positioned remotely and in a different direction from each other.* More exits will be required based on the number of occupants.Aisles need to be created to provide a means of egress to exit doors, access must be kept clear and doors not chained and locked (see photos from other SDA facilities). Locked doors have repeatedly been the cause of life loss at numerous types of non-Adventist facilities around the world. We have that same potential for life loss. Administrators have faced criminal charges when occupants died after being trapped by locked doors. *Note: Assembly occupancies of 0 to 600 occupants should have two separate means of egress of appropriate width. Greater than 600 but fewer than 1000 should have a minimum of three separate means of egress. (NFPA Life Safety Code 101.)

8Pasamanos y vallas

SALIDA9Handrails are a critical component of stairs, especially when part of the emergency egress. Those who require additional support on stairs need handrails as they enter or exit the facility. Yet anyone not paying attention or in the rush of an emergency, can also stumble or be pushed forward by the crowd. If someone begins to fall and there is nothing to grab, he or she will likely fall down the stairs. If it is an emergency and there is a crowd, if anyone falls, they will be trampled by the crowd behind them. This is confirmed by news reports from disasters in crowded buildings.

SEALIZARCarteles de salidaMapas de salida

10In most cases, when occupants step out of a room and into a corridor they should be able to see two ways out of the building. Exit signs help direct occupants to the nearest exit in an emergency. This becomes more crucial where occupants are unfamiliar with a facility when they attend a special meeting, concert or church service. Exit maps in corridors, classrooms and the back of dormitory doors also help ensure familiarity with the way out of a building. ILUMINACINReunionesEscuelasHabitaciones

11In assembly areas like churches and auditoriums, a large crowd of people finding themselves in the dark in an emergency can be a frightening picture. People panic. They trample other people, and injuries and deaths occur. Based on the number of people, some codes may not force old assembly facilities to upgrade, but day or night, what would your facility be like in the dark? Could people evacuate safely? Emergency lighting should be in all assembly occupancies.The cost of emergency lighting is such that nearly anyone can put it in reasonably and provide increased protection. A convenient way to add it is by changing out an old exit sign and installing one that incorporates the Exit signage and the emergency lighting.All schools should have emergency lighting to ensure the safe evacuation of children in an emergency. And in dormitories emergency lighting is critical, necessary equipment.

Sentido comnHay salidas fciles en la oscuridad?Prueba

ILUMINACIN12We dont have to agree with the numbers just discussed. If we have night activities or windowless areas that would present a hazard in an emergency if it is dark, it is in everyones best interest to install emergency lighting!Test emergency lighting monthly.DETECCINreas peligrosasFuera de las reas de dormitoriosEn los dormitoriosInspeccinPrueba

13Early warning is crucial when a fire breaks out, and some areas warrant the installation of detection devices over others. They include:Hazardous areasOutside sleeping areasIn sleeping roomsDetection devices also need to be inspected for tampering and should be tested monthly. If battery operated, change the batteries annually.EXTINGUIDORESLos segundos cuentanDistancia de trasladoBajo peligro: 22.86 m Alto peligro: 15.24 m Lugares claveAccesibleVerificacin anual

14If a fire is noticed soon enough, quick action in the early seconds may provide the opportunity to extinguish the fire before suffering a crippling loss.When it comes to putting out a fire in its insipient stage, speed is important. Standards have therefore been developed to ensure that an extinguisher is easy to get to in a hurry.One standard states that for low hazards, the maximum travel distance to an extinguisher is 22.86m (75 feet). That means that there can actually be 45.72m (150 feet) between two extinguishersIn high hazard areas that is reduced to 15.24 m (50 feet) or 30.48 m (100 feet) between extinguishers. An extinguisher should be located in each kitchen, mechanical room, garage, and other high hazard areas.Extinguishers must also be easy to reach and should not be blocked or hidden by storage and furniture.Ensure that extinguishers are serviced annually.

ALARMA SYSTEMS Ocupaciones en las reunionesExcepciones:93 m. ms o menosAula nica

15The number of occupants and the size and configuration of buildings can greatly influence the need for additional evacuation time and good rapid warning of fire or other emergencies. That has resulted in the development of standards for conditions that meet certain criteria. Alarm systems should be installed when we have:Assembly areas with more than 300 occupantsAll schools except:Those 93 sq. m (1000 sq. ft.) or lessBuildings containing a single classroomBuildings not less than 9.2 m (30 feet) from another buildingOther notification means may work, but where possible, upgrade to systems that have proven effective.HABITACINSeparacin para incendiosPuertas que se cierran solasEscaleras internasDos medios de escapeDos salidas de cada corredorSalida al final del corredor 10.7m maxNo, no, no traben las puertas de salida.Dispositivos antipnicos aceptables.

16No one wants to hear that we have lost a child, an adult, or anyone in a fire or other emergency. Where we have sleeping facilities like dormitories, it is important that we provide separation from hazards and good exiting. Doors should also be self-closing to ensure a fire in a room stays contained to that room when the occupant evacuates. Smoke and fire leaving that room would hinder the evacuation of others.In one loss of life suffered in a college dormitory, that dormitory met existing codes. Had it not, the potential for the loss of additional lives would have increased. Good separation between wings was evident during the investigation.Always think two ways out: Two ways from each room; two ways from each corridor.Most important, do not lock exit doors.EXPOSICIONESDetector de humoCuartos de huspedesreas de estarCorredores (a menos que tengan rociador)AlarmasVisiblesAudibles

17Good detection and alarm systems are also crucial.Can they be seen?Can they be heard everywhere? EXPOSICIONESLuces de emergenciaSeales de salidaPlanos de emergenciaPlanos de salidaSimulacros trimestrales

18A dark dormitory in an emergency would be disastrous. Emergency lighting is crucial.Lighted exit signs with battery backup also help direct occupants to the nearest exit. The emergency plan should include responsibilities in writing, and floor diagrams indicating primary and secondary exits should be posted on the door of each room.Practice drills will then help occupants remember what to do and where to go, whether they will have to put a towel along the floor to keep out smoke and stay in the room, or whether it will be safe to evacuate.SEPARACINSeparacin: Residencias Cuartos mecnicosCorredoresDel piso al techoPozo de la escalera protegido

19To fully protect people from the hazards of smoke spread and slow the spread of fire, some high hazard areas, corridors, sleeping areas, stairwells and others need total separation that extends floor to ceiling and is free of poke-throughs where pipes and wiring have been run through the walls.Rather than extend all the way to the next level or roof, this wall ended just above the drop ceiling allowing the spread of fire and smoke to other rooms and corridors. Occupants died in a hospital fire from inhalation as a result of this deficiency. The same could occur in a school dormitory.SEPARACINAislar las entradas

20At one time, this mixed use building which housed offices and a dormitory had some reasonable separation between floors and between it and another dormitory wing. Over the years, however, pipes and conduit had been run, plaster broken through and wood lathe left exposed.The potential for both the rapid spread of fire AND smoke increased significantly, increasing the dangers to occupants. Ultimately the local fire marshal finally required sprinkler systems in this building or its use as a dormitory would be discontinued.

FUEGOCombustible (slidos, lquidos, gases)Muebles, cortinas, propano u otro combustible, aceite de cocina, decoracionesOxgenoEncendido (calor)Electricidad, velas, estufas, soldaduras, ropas, hierro

21We repeatedly hear the statement: But our buildings are concrete and they wont burn! While that can be somewhat true, some interior construction may be combustible, and furniture, drapes, and other contents may easily ignite and burn rapidly and will put off toxic fumes, as well.To exist a fire needs four elements:FuelOxygenHeatChemical chain reactionIf you remove any element, the fire will go out!Do you have the combination of elements in this list that could result in a fire?

INCENDIO EN RBOLES

The film clip of a Christmas tree fire provides a good visual example of how fast some contents can burn, leaving little time for response by occupants. 22MANTENIMIENTO FACILITIES Mantenimiento preventivo ProgramadoMenos costosoMantiene la integridad estructuralReduce la responsabilidadMecnica, elctrica, seguridad contra incendiosSeguridad vital

23Cleanliness and the condition of buildings and grounds strongly influence the potential for accidents, so good preventive maintenance reduces exposures significantly. A well maintained facility is a safer facility, and saving money through good preventive maintenance, leaves funds for programs.Preventive maintenance helps prevent the deterioration of buildings that can occur through water leakage, corrosion and in other ways.Ultimately, it reduces liability exposures, by eliminating many of the hazards found at facilities that do not have a good program. It keeps steps, handrails and walking surfaces where accidents often occur in good condition. Preventive maintenance also keeps equipment functioning properly, which can lower utility costs and prevent electrical malfunctions and fires. It ensures that fire safety equipment performs properly.The health of an organization depends on a good preventive maintenance program. Life safety also depends on it.AGUA DAMAGECaeras congeladasCalefaccinAislada deficientementeMantenimiento pobreTechos malosProblemas de desagesVentanas rotas

Not long ago, the church suffered enormous losses from water damage.Many were from frozen pipes that burst, because heat for the building was shut off or the facility was poorly insulated.Others were from water leakage due to bad roofs, backed up gutters and water entry through other means, like wind-blown rain through broken windows.24SEGURIDADIluminacinPuertas o barrerasControl de accesos internosCmarasBotones antipnicoPlantas podadasPersonal de seguridad

25Life safety may depend on a facility's security system. Any number of elements may be needed depending on the exposure, and could include:LightingGates or other barricadesInterior access controlCamerasPanic buttonsVegetation trimmed to eliminate shadows and hiding placesSecurity personnel

INSPECCINCrucial para la seguridadPrevencinPrdidas por incendiosDaos por lluviaHeridasTropiezos, cadas

26Far too often we find a failure to perform self-inspections. Inspections that identify and correct conditions that could lead to losses are critical to school safety programs. Self-inspections can identify conditions that might lead to fires: Extension cords, overloading of outlets.Broken windows that can cause injuries or let water into the building need to be replaced.Inspections need to identify conditions like cords across floors, torn carpets, or cracks in sidewalks, debris on walking surfaces, changes in elevation and other conditions that might cause people to trip. If they can, they will, and slips trips and falls remain a major cause of injury accidents around the world.INSPECCIN FACILITIESObserve: Campus en generalAulas y corredoresVehculos/transportesSeguridad/ Programa de control de riesgos?

Are there potholes, cracks or debris in parking areas? Is housekeeping good or are items left out where they can be tripped on?What is the condition of vehicles on campus. Is there a transportation safety program this includes scheduled maintenance, pre-trip inspections and driver safety programs?Are employees working safely? Are they provided personal protective equipment (safety glasses, hearing protection, gloves, etc.?

27INSPECCINFACILITIESAlmacenamientoLimpiezaHabitaciones de electricidad/mquinasPaneles elctricos libresEquipos de calefaccin libresEvitar fuentes de encendido

28Are safe storage practices observed?Is housekeeping good? Are Electrical and mechanical rooms free of flammable and combustible storage ? The propane tank in the mechanical room here violates a number of safety standards regarding the storage of flammable materials.Is it clear in front of electrical panels and around heat-producing equipment?

ELECTRICIDAD SAFETYMantenimientoAlargues: solamente temporalesEvitar conexiones secundariasNo usar zapatillasNo debe haber cablesDebajo de alfombrasA travs de puertas o paredesTechos No dejar conexiones elctricas sin terminar

Electrical conditions, whether defective wiring and equipment or poor practices can result in injuries, overheating, arcing, and fires. Electrical systems and cords must be in good condition and extension cords used only for temporary purposes like running a hand drill, portable saw or other similar purpose. Piggy-backed power strips and octopus plugs can lead to overheating and fires. Running cords under rugs and through doorways and walls can damage cords and subsequently also result in fire.There should be no unfinished electrical with wires hanging from ceilings or walls. Electrical work needs to be completed and any potential hazards eliminated. The wires hanging from the ceiling in this slides photo might have been for a future light fixture and may or may not have been hot, but they were directly above the shower in that room, and appeared to have been forgotten.

29SUPERVISINElemento claveCalidadCantidadVerificaciones de historial

When it comes to child safety the most important element is SUPERVISION. There are two primary considerations in regard to supervision: The quality of that supervision as found in knowledge and skills required for the activity The number of supervisors required to ensure constant supervision as regards the safety of each child. Only basic skills might be necessary if overseeing a field trip to a museum. A trip to do rock climbing is a different story and supervisors must not only be skilled at rock climbing, but if certifications are available they should be certified.You also need to ensure there are enough supervisors to keep track of the students and avoid risky conditions like an individual student alone with a lone supervisor. A minimum of two supervisors should always be present at all times.Ensure that background checks (where available), have been performed on teachers, volunteers and other staff who may be in contact with young children.30PARQUE INFANTILBajo supervisinCon mantenimiento

Every location on the playground must be supervised when children are using it. And supervisors must supervise. This is not a time for grading papers, texting, or doing other things that prevents teachers from fully supervising the playground or any other activity.Playground equipment and surfacing must also be adequately maintained. Note the wear on the chain links in these two pictures from two different facilities.

31PARQUE INFANTILwww.cpsc.gov

The playground must also have a soft resilient surface and be free of debris that can cause injuries.The swing chair illustrated here shows obvious damage.A great free booklet on playground safety can be downloaded from the consumer product safety commission in English and Spanish at www.cpsc.gov.

32FIELD PASEOS

PlanificadosAprobadosSupervisados

www.adventistrisk.orgAll field trips should be properly planned for and then approved by the administration.The Field Trip Planner available on the Adventist Risk Management website at www.adventistrisk.org provides a means to begin the thought process on what might be needed to ensure adequate supervision, the availability of appropriate safety equipment and other elements. It does not include everything, but is meant to be a brain jogger to help leaders think more clearly about what might be needed for their field trip.The form is available in Spanish.33EN CUALQUIER MOMENTOExposiciones locales del ambienteEventosLecciones aprendidas

34Disaster can strike at any time, and the less prepared a facility is the greater the potential for loss. Information from newspapers, radio or television, local police, fire and emergency resources and other sources can help an organization develop prevention techniques or emergency preparedness plans by identifying risk exposures.Various resources, including local police, fire and emergency management agencies can also help determine what environmental exposures might exist, like tornado, earthquake, flood, high winds, neighboring chemical plants and others.Administrators must also look closely at the events that have occurred at other institutions. There are lessons to be learnedLets take a look at some events we, and others, have faced. Events that could strike a facility at any time.Tornado golpea escuela 20 de abril de 2008

Tifn destruye escuela adventista en la isla de Yap 9 de abril de 2004

EN CUALQUIER MOMENTO35Incendio en universidad destruye el aula de informtica y el comedor23 de julio de 2011

Ladrones atacan universidad29 de febrero de 2012EN CUALQUIER MOMENTO36Robbers stormed Babcock University. Armed policemen attached to the banks on campus fled the scene as they could not withstand the superior firepower of the robbers.

Escuela adventista atacada27 de agosto de 2008

Muere estudiante en incendio en el internado26 de abril de 2005

EN CUALQUIER MOMENTO37One Adventist school in Jeypore was attacked last Sunday, and another school in Khurda was closed for several days. No deaths have been reported at the schools.News: August 27, 2008.One of our biggest fears is the loss of a child in one of our dormitories. Although the dormitory at Southern University met current codes at the time of the fire, a student still died there. April 26, 2005

EMERGENCY RESPUESTAPLANS Desastres potencialesIncendioHuracnTsunamiInundacinViolenciaCapacitacin de empleados

38Many facilities have an emergency plan in place for fire or some other emergency, but lack the thoroughness of a plan that addresses all expected exposures. Good loss prevention and life safety includes having good emergency plans in place for all contingencies with a high potential for occurrence.It may be fire, hurricanes, tsunamis, chemical releases, violence or other potential disasters. In all plans, employees must be trained in the responsibilities for each plan and know it by heart. When an emergency arises, it is not the time for pulling out the book and reading about ones responsibilities. SIMULACROSFrecuenciaEscuelas: mensualInternados: trimestralEmpresas: dependeDe acuerdo con las normas localesEvaluarSimulacro/Reevaluar

39Drills are needed to ensure effectiveness. Full-scale drills put everyone to the test and need to be performed until everyone is familiar and comfortable with their roles. That comfort level will be crucial when something unexpected occurs, and will be instrumental in helping those in charge react appropriately.Evaluate and change as needed.Frequency varies with the type of occupancy and the ability of those occupants to respond appropriately and as needed to ensure quick, knowledgeable response to all emergenciesFor children it is important to increase the frequency of drills.Schools generally monthlyDormitories quarterlyBusiness, as needed or according to local codes. (this might be once or twice per year)All per local regulations

CONTINUIDAD DEL NEGOCIO PLANS Se identificaron los peligros?Podemos continuarPrdida de poderPrdida de equipos de tecnologaPrdidas ediliciasElectricidad generadores fuera de usoRespaldo fuera del lugarInstalaciones circunstanciales.

40Whole programs exist to help organizations identify exposures and determine measures to help ensure continued business with minimal interruption.To continue functioning after an emergency, it will be necessary to ensure that IT information is backed up. In some cases organizations may need to plan in advance for a possible relocation.One University located in an earthquake hazard zone currently maintains a 10-day food supply for its cafeteria.www.adventistrisk.org

There are obviously many more school safety topics that could be addressed if there was more time. Additional information that addresses elements of this presentation and other issues, however, is available at the Adventist Risk Management, Inc. website at www.adventistrisk.org.41PREGUNTASG

La informacin que contiene esta presentacin est basada en los principios de la gestin de riesgos y no constituye orientacin legal o respaldo a ningn producto, servicio o accin. La planificacin en la gestin de riesgos vara en cada organizacin. Es responsabilidad de los asistentes tomar sus propias decisiones sobre la responsabilidad y exactitud de la informacin brindada en este seminario. 42

John DouganII Congreso SudamericanoBuenos AiresGestin de Riesgos29 al 31 de julio de 201443