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Contributions from:Contributions from: Norwegian Meteorological InstituteNorwegian Meteorological Institute (met.no)(met.no) Geophysical Institute, University of BergenGeophysical Institute, University of Bergen (GfI-UiB)(GfI-UiB) Institute of Marine ResearchInstitute of Marine Research (IMR)(IMR) Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing CenterNansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center (NERSC)(NERSC)
NOClim PT 5NOClim PT 5Objectives and deliverables:Objectives and deliverables:
Did we deliver?Did we deliver?
Key contributors:Key contributors:Arne Melsom (met.no)Arne Melsom (met.no)Øystein Skagseth (GfI-UiB)Øystein Skagseth (GfI-UiB)Kjell Arne Mork (IMR)Kjell Arne Mork (IMR)Svein Sundby (IMR)Svein Sundby (IMR)Knut A. Lisæter (NERSC)Knut A. Lisæter (NERSC)
© © NOTE! NOTE! This presentation, and results This presentation, and results quoted herein, are the property of quoted herein, are the property of the various contributing institutes, the various contributing institutes, and must not be used without prior and must not be used without prior consent. Send e-mail requests consent. Send e-mail requests concerning such questions, and concerning such questions, and others, to: [email protected], to: [email protected]
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Principal Task 5 objectives
to improve our understanding and description of seasonal and interannual variability of the water masses that flow into and within the Nordic Seas and Arctic Ocean, including the extent and fluxes
of sea ice
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Key Questions (KQ)1. Does teleconnections by oceanic pathways give rise to
significant interannual variability in the AW inflow, or is the local wind forcing always the controlling mechanism for such variability?
2. By quantitative amounts, what is the seasonal and interannual variability in the AW inflow along its eastern and western branches?
3. By quantitative amounts, what are the seasonal and interannual variability, and trends, in the ice and ocean variables and fluxes of the Arctic Ocean?
4. What is the seasonal and interannual variability of the position and strength of the front between Atlantic Water and Arctic Water in the Nordic Seas?
4. What is the seasonal and interannual variability of the position and strength of the front between Atlantic Water and Arctic Water in the Nordic Seas?
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Principal Task 5 deliverables
• publication in peer-reviewed scientific journals• oral presentations in international science
meetings and conferences• oral presentations in NOClim’s workshop• contributions to proceedings from NOClim
workshops• contributions to the NOClim project web site• contributions to progress reports and the final
report to the Norwegian Research Council
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Key Question 1:Does teleconnections by oceanic pathways give rise to significant interannual variability in the AW inflow, or is the local wind forcing always the controlling mechanism for such variability?
Investigations focused on:• propagating SST anomalies• propagating SSS anomalies
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COADS SST winter anomalies, 1970:
daSilva SST winter anomalies, 1970:
Reference domains:
Propagating SST anomalies
NortheasternNorth AtlanticOcean (NNAO)
SouthernNordic Seas
(SNS)
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confidence levels:correlations:
5 yearsleading
5 yearsleading
10 yearsleading
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Propagating salinity anomalies
Propagation speeds of salinity anomalies
y = 0,8764x + 0,6226R2 = 0,963
1
2
3
4
5
6
1 2 3 4 5 6
Faroe/Shetland - Kola Section (cm/s)
Fylla
Ban
k - N
ewfo
undl
and
(cm
/s) 1982-84
1967-72
1958-61
1986-90
1975-82
1961-65
Propagation speeds of salinity anomalies:Salinity in the subarctic gyre:
Fylla
New-foundland
Rockall
Kola
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Relation between the NAO Index and Fluxes of the Subarctic Gyre
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
-1,0 -0,5 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5
NAO Index
Prop
agat
ion
spee
d (c
m/s
)
1 1908-12
1967-72
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Key Question 2:By quantitative amounts, what is the seasonal and interannual variability in the AW inflow along its eastern and western branches?
Investigations focused on:• interannual hydrographic variability• SSH variability• seasonal transport variability
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1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
-2.5-2.3654-2-1.5-1-0.500.511.52
050100150200250300350
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Temperature and salinity anomalies in the Svinøy section averaged over 100-200m depth
-0.25-0.2-0.15-0.1-0.0500.050.10.150.20.25
T [oC]
S
Kilometre
shelf 200m 1000m
Svinøy section
Interannual hydrography anomalies in the Svinøy section
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5,8
6,0
6,2
6,4
6,6
6,8
7,0
7,2
7,4
7,6
7,8
8,0
8,2
8,4
8,6
1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
Tem
pera
ture
[ o C
]
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
Area
[km
2 ]
Temperature
Area
March/April
6,8
7,0
7,2
7,4
7,6
7,8
8,0
8,2
8,4
8,6
8,8
9,0
1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
Tem
pera
ture
[ o C]
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
Area
[km
2 ]
Temperature
Area
July/August
Area and mean temperature of the Svinøy section Atlantic Water
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CEOF amplitude, mode 1, 64%
20 oW 10 oW 0o 10oE 20o E
60 oN
64 oN
68 oN
72 oN
76 oN
0.0320.0350.040.0450.050.0550.060.0650.070.075
Sea surface height variability and ocean circulation
92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00
2
-2
SSH vs. MSLP (1st principal components, normalized):
2
0
-295 96 97 98 99 00
SSS vs. NwASC (normalized time series):
SSS
NwASC
Coherence as a function of frequency
(in 1/months):
sea surface slope (SSS):SSS= [SSH(A) – SSH(B)]/dx
(Norwegian Atlantic Slope Current)
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0 50 100 150 200 250 300 3502
3
4
5
6
7
8
day of year
Sv
Baroclinic transport in the Svinøy section during the year
datamodel (y)
y = 5.0 + sin (pi * (dag/180+0.87))
Seasonal transport variability in the Svinøy section
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Key Question 3:By quantitative amounts, what are the seasonal and interannual variability, and trends, in the ice and ocean variables and fluxes of the Arctic Ocean?
Investigations focused on:• trends in the ice extent based on satellite-born instrument and historical records• dominant frequencies for ice extent
variability
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Ice extent and ice area from passive microwave data
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A century of ice extent and air temperature data
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Ice border at 10°E in the Fram Strait
Data source: Norwegian Polar Institute
10°E
80°N