Connectivism in Practice: Critical Thinking as a Distributed Course
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Transcript of Connectivism in Practice: Critical Thinking as a Distributed Course
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Connectivism in Practice: Critical Thinking as a Distributed Course
Stephen DownesApril 22, 2010
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Connectivism
“At its heart, connectivism is the thesis that knowledge is distributed across a network of connections, and therefore that learning consists of the ability to construct and traverse those networks.”What Connectivism Ishttp://halfanhour.blogspot.com/2007/02/what-connectivism-is.html
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Course Components
• Open Enrollment
• The course was advertised in both of our blogs…
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Course Components
• Readings and outline in the Wiki….
http://ple.elg.ca/course/moodle/mod/wiki/view.php?id=2
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Course Components
• Course Moodle Forum
http://ltc.umanitoba.ca/moodle/course/view.php?id=20
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Course Components
• Elluminate Discussions (Wednesdays)
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Course Components
• Managing Content
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Course Components
• Feed Harvesting
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Course Components
• Intro…
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The Students
• The Course Map…
http://x28newblog.blog.uni-heidelberg.de/2008/09/06/cck08-first-impressions/
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The Students
• Add to the Map - Video
http://thecleversheep.blogspot.com/2008/09/cck08-is-truly-global.html
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The Students
• Google Groups
http://groups.google.com/group/connectivism
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The Students
• Translations…
http://ltc.umanitoba.ca/wiki/Conectivismo_-_Curso_online
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The Students
• Second Life…• Diigo…• de.l.icio.us• WordPress…
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Social Construction
• Social construction is at best the collaborative creation of social artifacts (such as naming conventions)
• It can be:– Process driven– Results oriented– Consensus-based– Deliberative– Mechanical
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Personal Knowledge
• Is not ‘constructed’• You do not ‘make meaning’ for yourself• It is a matter of organic growth
(Totally not what personal knowledge is)
This is important because it means that developing personal knowledge is more like exercising than like inputting, absorbing or remembering
(How do I know this? Research on how neural networks grow, develop)
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PLE as Exercise Machine
• A PLE is a tool intended to immerse yourself into the workings of a community
• Once immersed, you then practice being one of the people characteristic of the community– For example, you would learn philosophy by practicing
‘being a philosopher’ in a philosophical community
• Your personal growth develops as a consequence of the interactions with that community
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Constructionism
• “the idea of manipulative materials to the idea that learning is most effective when part of an activity the learner experiences as constructing a meaningful product.”
• “a philosophy of education in which children learn by doing and making in a public, guided, collaborative process including feedback from peers, not just from teachers.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructionism_%28learning_theory%29
http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Constructionist
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Constructionism (2)
Image: http://eurologo.web.elte.hu/lectures/valente.htm
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Freire
• “Students, as they are increasingly posed with problems relating to themselves in the world and with the world, will feel increasingly challenged and obliged to respond to that challenge… Their response to the challenge evokes new challenges, followed by new understandings; and gradually the students come to regard themselves as committed.”
http://www.marxists.org/subject/education/freire/pedagogy/ch02.htm
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The Learning in PLE
• The learning in a PLE is about developing capacities (not compentencies, skills, etc.)
• The outcome of personal learning is engendered through empowerment (vs engagement, etc)
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Network Learning
• Science as language, learning as conversation, knowledge as inference
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A Frame For Critical Literacy
Syntax Cognition
Semantics Context
Pragmatics Change
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Syntax
Forms: archetypes? Platonic ideals?Rules: grammar = logical syntaxOperations: procedures, motor skillsPatterns: regularities, substitutivity (eggcorns, tropes)Similarities: Tversky - properties, etc
Not just rules and grammar
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Semantics
- Sense and reference (connotation and denotation)- Interpretation (Eg. In probability, Carnap - logical space; Reichenbach - frequency; Ramsey - wagering / strength of belief)- Forms of association: Hebbian, contiguity, back-prop, Boltzmann - Decisions and decision theory: voting / consensus / emergence
theories of truth / meaning / purpose / goal
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~tom7/csnotes/fall02/semantics.gif
Semantics
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Pragmatics
• Speech acts (J.L. Austin, Searle) assertives, directives, commissives, expressives, declarations (but also - harmful acts, harassment, etc)• Interrogation (Heidegger) and presupposition• Meaning (Wittgenstein - meaning is use)
use, actions, impact
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Cognition
• description - X (definite description, allegory, metaphor)• definition - X is Y (ostensive, lexical, logical (necess. & suff conds), family resemblance - but also, identity, personal identity, etc• argument - X therefore Y - inductive, deductive, abductive (but also: modal, probability (Bayesian), deontic (obligations), doxastic (belief), etc.)• explanation - X because of Y (causal, statistical, chaotic/emergent)
reasoning, inference and explanation
http://www.mkbergman.com/category/description-logics/
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Context
- explanation (Hanson, van Fraassen, Heidegger)- meaning (Quine); tense - range of possibilities- vocabulary (Derrida); ontologies, logical space- Frames (Lakoff) and worldviews
placement, environment
http://www.occasionbasedmarketing.com/what-it-is
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Change
- relation and connection: I Ching, logical relation- flow: Hegel - historicity, directionality; McLuhan - 4 things- progression / logic -- games, for example: quiz&points, branch-and-tree, database- scheduling - timetabling - events; activity theory / LaaN
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21st Century Skills Languages
The ‘skills’ described by Jenkins and others– performance, simulation, appropriation, etc - are actually languages and should be understood in terms of these six dimensions
http://spotlight.macfound.org/btr/entry/new_media_literacies/
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PLE Pedagogy
• The six frames are the elements of language used to communicate bwteen individuals in a community
• Learning in a PLE involves immersion in this community and communication involving refective awareness of these six frames
• Pedagogy in a PLE environment is the modeling of these skills and feedback along these frames
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Stephen Downes
http://www.downes.ca