Role of Soy Protein

in Nutrition & Health

Presentation Outline

• Nutrition and Functional foods

• Soy Protein Quality

• Health Benefit Overview

– Diabetes

– Heart health

– Cancer

– Bone Health and Menopause

Symptoms

• Summary

How Important is Nutrition?

• Essential nutrients: to maintain body functions

• Usually nutrition reminds us of what we should

avoid or restrict (Saturated fat, cholesterol,

sodium etc)

• The other side of the nutrition coin is what we

should eat, which in today’s context is probably

more important

Functional Foods

• These are foods that may have the potential to prevent

disease or be used as part of disease treatment or

management

• These are foods which in general promote better health

(Foods which have good amount of protein and good

quality protein, foods that have calcium, foods that have

good amount of fiber etc)

• “Foods that by virtue of physiologically active food

components, provide health benefits beyond basic

nutrition”

International Food Information Council

Importance of Functional Foods

• Food which is traditionally viewed as

nourishment needed for growth, strength

and energy is now considered to have

beneficial effects in helping reduce risk of

chronic diseases such as

– Cardiovascular disease

– Cancer

– Obesity

– Diabetes

What Consumers Want!

Unprecedented consumer focus on Taste and Health

Taste

Brand

Health

Price

Packaging

Convenience Other67%

59%

54%

52%

39%

27%

6%

Presentation Outline

• Nutrition and Functional foods

• Soy Protein Quality

• Health Benefit Overview

– Diabetes

– Heart health

– Cancer

– Bone Health and Menopause

Symptoms

• Summary

Composition of the Soybean

40% Protein

15% Sugars & Oligosaccharides

15% Dietary Fiber

20% Oil

10% Other

storage proteins

sucrose, raffinose, stachyose

soluble & insoluble fiber

lecithin, sterols, vitamin E

moisture, ash

whey proteins

isoflavones saponins

SolaeTM and the Solae logo are trademarks of Solae, LLC

Protein

• Quantity – 1gram per kg body weight

• Quality

– Essential amino acid content and their ratio

– Digestibility

– Relevance to Human Requirements

Protein Functions

• Body building and repair

• Enzyme and hormones

• Immunity

• Cell functions

• Nails and hair etc

Protein Digestibility-Corrected

Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS)

• Amino acid profile testing done at designated labs

• Digestibility testing by the rat nitrogen balance study

• PDCAAS value is determined according to the FAO/WHO published method

Protein Quality Evaluation Report published as FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 51, Rome, 1991

PDCAAS Determination • Protein value

• Amino Acid content

• True Digestibility – determined by rat nitrogen balance study

• Calculations

– AA content is expressed as mg/g protein

– Calculate the Amino Acid Score*

– Calculate PDCAAS**

• PDCAAS scores of greater than 1 are truncated to 1

*Amino Acid Score (AAS) = amino acid content of test protein/Ref AA pattern

for 2-5 year old child

**PDCAAS = AAS x True Digestibility

Protein Quality Evaluation Report published as FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 51, Rome, 1991

• Values for SUPRO® Brand Isolated Soy Protein provided by Solae as determined through actual analysis.

• † Protein Quality Evaluation, Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation.

• Rome: FAO Food and Nutrition Paper No. 51, 1991.

Product PDCAAS

Isolated Soy Protein* 1.00

Casein 1.00

Egg White 1.00

Beef 0.92

Pea Flour 0.69

Kidney Beans (Canned) 0.68

Pinto Beans (Canned) 0.63

Peanut Meal 0.52

Rice 0.47

Whole Wheat 0.40

Wheat Gluten 0.25

PDCAAS of Selected Foods†

Bioactive Peptides

• Bioactive peptides may be present in

independent entities or encrypted in the native

protein

• It is known that during digestion in the GI tract or

during Food Processing, these peptides are

released from the parent protein and these act as

regulatory compounds with hormone like

activities

• Food derived bio-active peptides commonly

contain 2 to 9 amino acids. However, this range

may extend to 20 or more amino acids.

• Lunacin, a food derived peptide with anticancer

bioactivity contains 43 amino acids

Soy Protein

• Complete protein with all the essential

amino acids is therefore essential

• Most animal proteins are closer to

complete proteins

• Do we take our daily requirement of

complete proteins? Even if we are non-

vegetarians?

What is Soy Protein Isolate

Aqueous

Extraction

of Sugars

Drying

SOY PROTEIN

CONCENTRATE*

(60-65%)

Alcohol

Extraction

of Sugars

Solvent

Removal

SOY PROTEIN

CONCENTRATE*

(60-65%)

Protein

Precipitation

Aqueous

Extraction

of Sugars

Drying

SOY PROTEIN

ISOLATE

(>90%)

DEFATTED

FLAKES

Grinding

and Sizing

SOY

FLOUR*

(52%)

Isoflavones

* Can Be Manufactured in Texturized Soy Protein (TSP) Products.

Soy Fiber

Soybeans (40%)

Oil

Presentation Outline

• Nutrition and Functional foods

• Soy Protein Quality

• Health Benefit Overview

– Diabetes

– Heart health

– Cancer

– Bone Health and Menopause

Symptoms

• Summary

Diabetes Figures

• Diabetes

• India - No.1 Rank

• Growth -79.4 million 2030 from 31.7

million in 2000.

– Currently estimated to be about 50 million

Glycemic Index (GI)

• High GI foods

– Food cravings

– Disordered eating patterns

– Repeated surges and falls in blood-glucose ("sugar spikes")

• Low GI foods

– Reduced appetite

– Lower energy intake

– Aids in weight loss and weight management

How does protein help reduce appetite?

• Protein stimulates “Satiety Hormones”

• Cholescystokinin

– The ingestion of protein is known to stimulate the gut

hormone, cholecystokinin (CCK) in animals

– Release of CCK suppresses food intake by inducing a

feeling of satiety in animals

– The major protein component of soy protein (-conglycinin)

stimulates CCK release and subsequently suppresses food

intake

• Reduced glycemic index

– Low-glycemic index foods provide greater satiety and

reduced hunger compared to high-glycemic index foods

– Soy protein is a low glycemic index food

Presentation Outline

• Nutrition and Functional foods

• Soy Protein Quality

• Health Benefit Overview

– Diabetes

– Heart health

– Cancer

– Bone Health and Menopause

Symptoms

• Summary

Heart Problems Figures

• Heart diseases

• In 2002, India > China >

Russian federation.

• By 2020, 60% of the world’s

heart patients will be Indians

Soy Protein and Cholesterol

Maintains HDL

“Healthy” Cholesterol

Meta-Analysis: 38 Clinical Studies on Soy and Blood Lipids,

Anderson, NEJM 1995;333:276-282

Reduces Total

Cholesterol

4-9%

Reduces LDL

“Lousy” Cholesterol

6-12%

The FDA Claim

The US Food & Drug Administration has

(October 26th 1999) endorsed a health claim

on relationship between consumption of soy

protein.

The health claim says that “25 grams of soy

protein a day as part of a diet low in

saturated fat and cholesterol, may reduce

the risk of heart disease”.

American Heart Association

American Heart Association (AHA) experts announced their official recommendations for consumers to eat more soya protein, in order to lower their cholesterol and the risk of heart disease.

“There is increasing evidence that consuming soya protein may help lower blood cholesterol levels in some people with elevated cholesterol levels and may provide other cardiovascular benefits”. Circulation: Journal of American Heart Association, November 14, 2000

Soy Protein: CHD Risk

Soy protein/other vegetable protein

decrease cholesterol

Soy protein binds bile acids

7 S globulin fractions may affect liver LDL

receptors

Soy Protein and Heart Health

• For every 1% decrease in serum cholesterol there

is a 2-3% reduction in the rate of CHD (AHA*).

• The totality of evidence on “Soy Protein &

Cholesterol Lowering” suggests,

– As part of a healthy diet, a 4 - 6% reduction in serum

cholesterol with soy protein - as observed in this meta-

analyses - can make a significant & meaningful

contribution to reducing the risk of Coronary Heart

Disease.

*Rosamond W. Circulation 2008:117:e25

Presentation Outline

• Nutrition and Functional

foods

• Soy Protein Quality

• Health Benefit Overview

– Diabetes

– Heart health

– Cancer

– Bone Health and Menopause

Symptoms

• Summary

• Breast Cancer and Prostrate Cancer

– Antioxidant activity of isoflavones:

• At concentrations from 5 – 50 M genistein inhibits the growth of a wide range of cancer cells including hormone dependent & independent breast and prostate cancer cells

– Blocks estrogen receptors: cancer cell activity reduces

– Inhibits certain enzymes in the cancer cell

Soy and Cancer

Presentation Outline

• Nutrition and Functional

foods

• Soy Protein Quality

• Health Benefit Overview

– Diabetes

– Heart health

– Cancer

– Bone Health and

Menopause Symptoms

• Summary

Osteoporosis and Bone Health

• World wide 30-40 % of women and 13 %

of men have life time risk of fracture due

to osteoporosis

• Risk factors

• High intake of protein, especially animal

protein

• Intake of diets with low calcium content

• Rapid bone loss due to estrogen deficiency

Study Conducted at All Indian Institute of Medical Sciences, 2006

Effect of Soy on Alleviating Menopause

Problems

Summary: Soy Protein • Soy protein is a high-quality protein with an

excellent nutritional profile

• Promotes growth

• Soy protein is associated with several health

benefits:

– Manging diabetes

• Low Glycemic Index

– Promotes Heart health

– Cancer risk reduction

– Helps in managing osteporosis

– Alleviating menopause symptoms

• Reducing Anemia

NutriPlus • Balanced Protein Supplement for kids and

adults

• Better tasting product

• Added with DHA

– Good for the brain and heart

– DHA is critical nutrient for growth and functional

development of brain, improves learning ability

and visual acuity

• Provides L-Lysine

– indispensable amino acid that cannot be

synthesized in the body

– Limiting in Indian diets

• Quality proteins (Combination of soy & milk)