Comparing (Ordinary) Multilevel Modeling with Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling
-
Upload
benjamin-hyde -
Category
Documents
-
view
64 -
download
7
description
Transcript of Comparing (Ordinary) Multilevel Modeling with Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling
Comparing (Ordinary) Multilevel Modeling with Multilevel Structural Equation
Modeling
Michael Braun
GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences,
Mannheim
The substantive research question
anomalies found for item on civil disobedience in ISSP 2004 battery on rights in a democracy
in one group of countries, values for civil disobedience markedly lower than for index of rights in a democracy, excluding this item
suspicion this might be related to satisfaction with democracy (then civil disobedience not necessary or even harmful)
There are different opinions about people’s rights in a democracy. On a scale of 1 to 7, where 1 is not at all important and 7 is very important, how important is it …
a. that all citizens have an adequate standard of living
b. that government authorities respect and protect the rights of minorities
c. that government authorities treat everybody equally regardless of their position in society
d. that politicians take into account the views of citizens before making decisions
e. that people be given more opportunities to participate in public decision-making
f. that citizens may engage in acts of civil disobedience when they oppose government actions
Civil disobedience item vs. index (items a-e)
CountryCivil
DisobedienceIndex (without
civ.dis.)
Canada 3.8 6.2
Denmark 4.1 6.4
United States 4.0 6.4
Western Germany 5.3 6.3
Eastern Germany 5.5 6.4
Hungary 5.6 6.3
Spain 5.1 6.6
Two statistical models
(Ordinary) 3-level Multilevel Modeling Multilevel Structural Equation Model (ML-SEM)
allowing for direct effects of satisfaction with democracy as covariate on items, given the common factor
3-level multilevel model
dependent variable: evaluation of any of the six items on rights in a democracy.
that is: in addition to respondent and country level, there is an item level, which constitutes the lowest level.
3-level multilevel model
Country 1 Country 2
Respondent 1 Respondent 2 Respondent 1 Respondent 2
Standard of living
Rights of minorities
Equality of treatment
Respon-siveness
Participa-tion
Civil dis-obedience
… …
…
3-level multilevel model The following variables are included : Indicators for the second to sixth item (main effects
on the item level) Satisfaction with democracy both on the individual
and on the country level (main effects on the individual and country level, respectively)
Interactions of the indicators for the second to sixth item with satisfaction with democracy – both on the individual and country level (cross-level interactions)
3-level multilevel model
Main effects
rights of minorities -9.6
equality of treatment .08
responsiveness -.06
participation 2.2
civil disobedience 23.6
Satisfaction with democracy (individual level)
6.3
Satisfaction with democracy (country level) -2.1
3-level multilevel model
Interactions with satisfaction (individual level) rights of minorities 3.9
equality of treatment 3.5
responsiveness -4.8
participation -7.8
civil disobedience -22.2
3-level multilevel model
Interactions with satisfaction (country level) rights of minorities 1.6
equality of treatment -.7
responsiveness 2.4
participation -5.2
civil disobedience -45.2
Constant 6.69
Country-level variance .035
Respondent-level variance .471
Response-level variance 1.169
3-level multilevel model
Main results: [from model with only item identifiers:]Civil
disobedience has high item difficulty. The higher satisfaction with democracy on the
individual level the higher the support for rights in democracy in general.
The higher satisfaction with democracy on the country level the lower the support for rights in democracy in general (borderline effect).
3-level multilevel model
The higher satisfaction with democracy on the individual level the lower agreement with civil disobedience.
The higher satisfaction with democracy on the country level the lower agreement with civil disobedience.
Multilevel SEM
The following variables and relationships are included :
the six indicators as measures of common factors on the individual and on the country level
regressions of the factors (on both the individual and on the country level) on satisfaction with democracy on the individual and country level, respectively
Multilevel SEM
regressions of the second to sixth indicator of the common factors on satisfaction with democracy both on the individual and on the country level
Multilevel SEM
Satisfaction d.
1.0* 1.29* 0.89* 0.66* 0.60* 0.18
Between level
Within level
0.05 -0.00 -0.00 -0.09* -0.49*
-0.06
Standard liv. R. minorities Equality of t. Responsiveness Participation Civil disobedience
1.0* 1.18* 1.13* 1.17* 1.20* 0.89*
0.02
0.01 0.01* -0.02* -0.03* -0.07*
Rights
Satisfaction d.
Standard liv. R. minorities Equality of t. Responsiv. Ci vil disobed.Participation
Rights
Multilevel SEM
loading of civil disobedience on the factors suspicious, particularly on the country level
regression of the common factors on the individual and the country level not significant
small negative direct effect of satisfaction with democracy on civil disobedience (given the common factor) on the individual and stronger negative direct effect on the country level
Conclusions
conclusions similar with regard to mean of civil disobedience, with regard to interaction with satisfaction with democracy
loading of civil disobedience on the individual level not really suspicious in multilevel CFA
positive effect of satisfaction with democracy on the individual and negative on the country level on attitudes towards rights in a democracy not significant in multilevel CFA