Company

LOGO The Restoration of the Old Order

The Post-Napoleonic Settlement

First Treaty of Paris, May 1814

1. Bourbons restored to the throne of FranceIn the form of Louis XVIII

1. Bourbons restored to the throne of FranceIn the form of Louis XVIII

2. France made to give-up all of its Conquests after 1792

2. France made to give-up all of its Conquests after 1792

3. France regained most of its overseasColonies lost in the wars.

3. France regained most of its overseasColonies lost in the wars.

4. France was not required to pay anIndemnity.

4. France was not required to pay anIndemnity.

Louis XVIII

The Hundred Days

Napoleon decides to attack the allies in

Belgium.The British

under Wellington

& the Prussians under Blucher

defeat Napoleon at Waterloo on

June 18, 1815.

Napoleon decides to attack the allies in

Belgium.The British

under Wellington

& the Prussians under Blucher

defeat Napoleon at Waterloo on

June 18, 1815.

Louis XVIII flees France to save

himself.Napoleon promises

new progressive

reforms and not to

return to conquests.Allies don’t believe him and begin to

move against him.

Louis XVIII flees France to save

himself.Napoleon promises

new progressive

reforms and not to

return to conquests.Allies don’t believe him and begin to

move against him.

Napoleon leaves Elba & lands

in Southern France on March 1 1815.

The Army rallies around him.

March 20th he enters Paris in

triumph.

Napoleon leaves Elba & lands

in Southern France on March 1 1815.

The Army rallies around him.

March 20th he enters Paris in

triumph.

ReturnReturn RuleRule WaterlooWaterloo

The Allies again send Napoleon into exile, this time on St.

Helena in the South

AtlanticHe dies there in

1821.

The Allies again send Napoleon into exile, this time on St.

Helena in the South

AtlanticHe dies there in

1821.

ExileExile

The Congress of Vienna

1. Prevent France from pursuing further wars of aggression

1. Prevent France from pursuing further wars of aggression

2. Restore a balance of power inEurope with equality among states

2. Restore a balance of power inEurope with equality among states

3. Principle of Legitimacy – returnTo pre-revolution status quo.

3. Principle of Legitimacy – returnTo pre-revolution status quo.

4. Allies were to be rewarded for Victory and those defeated had To be punished.

4. Allies were to be rewarded for Victory and those defeated had To be punished.

Congress met from September 1814 to June 1815.

Great powers (Britain, Prussia, Russia, Austria, and France) dominated the proceedings.

Goals:

Statesmen at the Congress1. Prince Klemens von Metternich

- Austria’s foreign minister- Strong conservative advocate.

1. Prince Klemens von Metternich- Austria’s foreign minister- Strong conservative advocate.

2. Viscount Castlereagh of Britain - Supported Metternich

2. Viscount Castlereagh of Britain - Supported Metternich

3. Tsar Alexander I of Russia - Agreed with allies, pushed for control of Poland

3. Tsar Alexander I of Russia - Agreed with allies, pushed for control of Poland

4. Prince Karl von Hardenberg - Represented Prussia

4. Prince Karl von Hardenberg - Represented Prussia

5. Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand- Represented France

5. Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand- Represented France

Metternich

Agreements

1. Principle of Legitimacy upheld.- Bourbons returned to power.

1. Principle of Legitimacy upheld.- Bourbons returned to power.

2. Holy Roman Empire was not Recreated – German Confederation

2. Holy Roman Empire was not Recreated – German Confederation

3. Britain and Austria oppose the Plan proposed by Prussia & RussiaOver Poland and Saxony.

3. Britain and Austria oppose the Plan proposed by Prussia & RussiaOver Poland and Saxony.

4. Russia and Prussia back downEach gets smaller amount of land.

4. Russia and Prussia back downEach gets smaller amount of land.

Territorial Settlement

Russia Prussia Austria Britain

Russia gained land in Poland and retained Finland

Acquired 2/5 of Saxony and territory in the Rhineland

Lost Belgium to the Netherlands, gained land in Italy

Acquired Cape Colony, Ceylon, Trinidad and Tobago and Malta

Second Treaty of Paris

1. Following Napoleon’s final defeat the Allies imposed a more Severe settlement on France

1. Following Napoleon’s final defeat the Allies imposed a more Severe settlement on France

2. France was reduced to the borders of 1790.

2. France was reduced to the borders of 1790.

3. French required to pay anIndemnity of 700 million francs toAllies.

3. French required to pay anIndemnity of 700 million francs toAllies.

4. Allies occupied 17 French fortsFor 5 years.

4. Allies occupied 17 French fortsFor 5 years.

Europe after Congress of Vienna 1815

The Alliance System

Great Britain

PrussiaRussia

Austria

France

Concert of Europe

1. The Holy Alliance- Russia, Prussia & Austria allied on “Christian” Principles

1. The Holy Alliance- Russia, Prussia & Austria allied on “Christian” Principles

2. Quadruple Alliance - With the addition of Britain, maintained alliance that fought France

2. Quadruple Alliance - With the addition of Britain, maintained alliance that fought France

3. Concert of Europe - Designed to maintain the system devised at the Congress of Vienna

3. Concert of Europe - Designed to maintain the system devised at the Congress of Vienna

Independence MovementsOpposition to the Restored Order

Revolt against Turkish rule in Greece – leads to independence in 1829

Revolts in Latin America lead to independence of most nations

Belgium received independence from Holland after revolt in 1830.

Revolts in Spain and Italy for liberal reforms, crushed by French & Austrians