Commercial Fairs and Exhibitions Proiect

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Commercial Fairs and Exhibitions

Every year, hundreds of thousands of people participate to fairs andexhibitions. They look for what is new in their field of activity, to introducethemselves to specialists and business partners, to find new sale markets or,simply, to spend together several pleasant hours by visiting an exhibition.

Definition

Firstly, an exhibition is an event organized to bring together buyersand sellers at a single venue. A fair is a gathering of people to display ortrade products or other goods, the work of artists or artisans, the products of

farms or factories, the skills of performers, or objects of general interest.People often enjoy at fairs and exhibitions associated carnival orfunfairentertainment. Activities at fairs vary widely. Business men see exhibition asan oportunity to promote their latest products and concepts on the market.

Exhibitions are the most appropriate place for the meeting of demandand supply. The main advantage of such fairs is the fact that it gathers mostof the people interested in a particular domain of activity.

What is the difference between Exhibitions and Expositions?

Exhibitions and Expositions, public displays of industrial orcommercial products or of fine arts. Although the terms are usedinterchangeably, in strict usage an exhibition is a display of such products orarts for a short period; an exposition is for a longer period and usually on alarger scale. Both exhibitions and expositions may be regional, national, orinternational, and may show only the products of a single industry, such as

furniture or leather, or all products of human endeavor.
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History

Where and when the first fair was held is not known, however, evidencepoints to the existence of fairs as early as 500 BC. Ezekiel's account of thedestruction of Tyre, supposedly written about 588 BC, describes Tyre as animportant market and fair center. Fairs were commercial in character fromthe beginning. Merchants from distant countries would come together,

bringing native wares to trade with one another, and even though it is notclearly explained in Ezekiel or in other biblical references, it is reasonable toassume that fair was the name given to the place at which early trading

between foreign merchants was conducted.

It is equally clear that religious activity was companion to the commerce.The Latin world feria meaning holy day, would appear the logical root ofthe word fair. Each feria was a day when large numbers of people wouldassemble for worship. Worship in those early days was centered aroundtemples in great cities, including Ninevah, Athens, Rome and Mecca. Thesecities were also respected as the great commercial centers of the world.Fields adjacent to these temples were staked out for traders. Religiousfigures were placed about the fields in order to protect the traders and

merchants.

During the early Christian era, the church took an active part in sponsoringfairs on feast days, and as a result, fairs came to be a source of revenue forthe church. Possibly, our modern church bazaars possess some rudiments ofthese religious fairs.

This evolution which blended religion and commerce continued over timeand moved into western Europe. Periodic gatherings brought togetherthe producers of all types of commodities for the purpose of barter,exchange and, finally, outright sale. To this marketplace were addedentertainment and other forms of activity thus, these primitive markettook on the aspect of fairs as we know them today.


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MAJOR TYPES OF EXHIBITIONS

The first was the industrial exhibition, devoted to the stimulation andprogress of a specific industry or to all the industries of a specified countryor area. Representative of this type were the exhibition of leather products,held in Berlin (1877); of printing, in New York City (1900); of products ofthe British Empire, in Wembley, England (1924); of modern decorative andindustrial arts, in Paris (1925); and of housing, also in Paris (1947).

A second type of exhibition, particularly popular in the U.S., wasregional and was dedicated to the commemoration of a historical event.

Notable among this type were the Tennessee Centennial Exposition,Nashville, Tennessee (1897); the Trans-Mississippi Exposition, Omaha,Nebraska (1898); the Lewis and Clark Centennial American Pacific

Exposition and Oriental Fair, Portland, Oreg. (1905); the JamestownTercentennial Exposition,Norfolk, Virginia (1907); and the Great LakesExposition, Cleveland, Ohio (1936).

The third type, the universal exposition, was international in scope; itwas sponsored by a national government and displayed a wide variety of

products. The first great international exposition was held in London in 1851under the direction of the Society of Arts; Prince Albert, consort of QueenVictoria, was at the time president of the society and took a personal interestin the preparation of the event. The Crystal Palace was built for the occasion,

and the total cost amounted to about $1.5 million. The great success of theGreat Exhibition of 1851 led to other international expositions. Dublin and

New York City both held expositions in 1853, and in 1855 Paris held its firstExposition Universelle, on the Champs-lyses.

The Paris exposition, although it was much more elaborate than any ofits predecessors, costing about $5 million and including almost 21,000exhibits, was a financial failure. In 1862 another great exposition wasopened in London, at a cost of about $2.3 million. Although some 29,000exhibitors participated and more than 6 million people attended, it was muchless successful financially than the 1851 exposition, chiefly because PrinceAlbert died before the exposition opened and the festivities wereconsequently affected. Most great expositions operated at deficits from thattime on, but the promotion value of the displays and the value of the touristtrade brought by the events were considered worth the loss, which was
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usually made up by national and municipal government subsidies or by bondissues.

In 1867 the French government and the city of Paris, at a cost ofalmost $6 million, sponsored another international exposition, which took

place on the Champ de Mars, the military parade ground on the left bank ofthe Seine River; about 43,000 exhibits were shown, and more than 6.8million visitors attended. Vienna in 1873 held an international expositionthat was the greatest up to that time, costing about $11 million. The

buildings erected in the Prater, the famous Viennese park on an island in theDanube, housed almost 26,000 exhibits, and more than 6.5 millionadmissions were counted. Three years later the first great Americaninternational exposition was held in Philadelphia, as a celebration of the100th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence.

The buildings of the Paris exposition of 1878 were erected in theChamp de Mars and extended to an elevated plateau called the Trocadro, onthe right bank of the Seine; the Palais de Trocadro, built for the occasion,remained a permanent structure until it was torn down in 1936. Built at acost in excess of $6 million, the 1878 exposition housed almost 53,000exhibits and attracted more than 16 million visitors. In 1889 a fourthExposition Universelle was held in Paris, the theme being the centenary ofthe French Revolution. The cost of the exposition was about $9 million;exhibitors numbered almost 62,000 and visitors more than 32 million.

The 400th anniversary of Columbus's discovery of America wascelebrated by an international exposition held in Chicago in 1893. The

buildings of the World's Columbian Exposition, as it was called, wereerected on the shore of Lake Michigan. Some of the most famous features ofthe Chicago exposition were its amusements, which were collected togetheron a strip of land known as the Midway Plaisance; the term midway later

became synonymous with amusement area in circuses, carnivals, and fairs.The World's Columbian Exposition cost more than $31 million, presented

more than 65,000 exhibits, and attracted more than 27.5 million visitors.A fifth great French exposition took place in Paris in 1900. Some of

the structures built for the 1900 exposition became famous landmarks of thecity, including the ornate Alexander III Bridge over the Seine. The cataloglisted almost 80,000 exhibits, and about 40 million admissions were
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counted. The 1900 exposition was so successful that receipts nearly equaledthe expenses of almost $24 million.

Around the world

Some examples of the biggest fairs throughout the world:

United States of America :

International Artexpo New York

Ready for its 31st year in the nations art capital,

International Artexpo New York returns to theJacob Javits Center, Feb. 26 March 2, 2009, witha fresh outlook for 2009. Building on the successof last years show, the newly established ArtexpoHall of Fame (hosted by Jane Seymour) and theoverwhelming presence of international artists,galleries and collectors, International Artexpo NewYork 2009 is a must-see event for both beginningand avid collectors and art-lovers. The show

promises to bring the most exciting emerging andestablished artists, the most innovative artworks,the latest trends and styles and much more, which will further establishInternational Artexpo New York as the premier fine and popular art event of2009.

International Artexpo is thepremier trade show of the fine-art

industry. As the only show providing dealers with access tothousands of wholesale worksfrom artists and publishers in asingle venue, International Artexpooffers unmatched opportunities to

network, discover new talent and close deals. Whether


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youre an art dealer or retail gallery owner interested in originals and neweditions, an art publisher looking to discover new artists or an architect,corporate-art buyer or interior designer shopping for client projects,International Artexpo promises to deliver unsurpassed opportunities to buyand sell art during two exclusive trade-only days and three final trade andconsumer days of the show.

For thirty years Artexpo has changed the way we buy and sell art;annually hosting the most important publishers and galleries in the market,with hundreds of emerging artists, creating the world's largest fine and

popular art marketplace.

"Artexpo New York draws the largest number of qualified national andinternational galleries, publishers and solo artists in the United States. Thenumerous gallery contacts and established accounts we have acquired fromthis event has added greatly to the success of our business."

Nan Miller - Nan Miller Gallery

Grow Your Customer Base

Artexpo New York is the largest gathering of qualified trade buyers,

including gallery owners and managers, art dealers, interior designers,corporate art buyers, art & framing retailers, and others. Also, the showcontinues to draw larger consumer crowds each year, now hosting more than25,000 affluent art enthusiasts annually.

"At Artexpo New York, we set up shop and everybody who is anybody inart and design comes to see us, allowing me to effectively serve thiscomplex market with a single event."Woody Slaymaker - Slaymaker Fine Art Ltd.

Reach the International Markets

As an unparalleled international marketplace, Artexpo New York is the #1venue to debut the latest works for both classic and emerging artists. Buyers


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from 55 countries attend Artexpo New York in search of the art and artiststhat will shape trends in galleries worldwide.

The show's diverse offering of products, and unparalleled access to theworld's most popular art, attract thousands of buyers from overseas who,each year, open the door to international markets for Artexpo exhibitors.From Europe, to the Far East, to South America, Artexpo New York hostsan international audience unmatched by any other event in our industry.

FRANCE

FIAC (International Contemporary Art Fair), Paris

Every year, more than 200 galleries in France and abroad host an exhibitshowcasing the work of contemporary artists from around the world.Different sectors of the fair exhibit varying forms of art, and young artistsare also provided a section to exhibit the fruit of their talent..

Frances newly revitalised Foire International dArt Contemporain

(International Fair of Contemporary Art), or FIAC, is major highlight of the

fine artworld calendar.

A staple of the French art scene since its debut as the Salon International

dArt Contemporain in 1974, FIAC hosts high-end galleries from around the

world for a four-day fair in the stunning Beaux-Arts Grand Palais and

Louvre courtyard, along with a spectacular exhibition of large-scale

sculpture and installations in the adjacent Tuileries gardens.

One of the great majestic landmarks of central Paris, the Grand Palais was

constructed for the 1900 Paris Exposition, and acts as an ideal venue for the

art show. Modern and contemporary art galleries are housed in the

exhibition hall, as well as the recently added design sector of the fair. Design


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booths featuring such world-class designers as Alvar Aalto, Marcel Breuer

and Philippe Starck are arranged to face complementary gallery exhibits.

The more avant-garde contemporary pieces and future trends are situated

in the Louvre courtyard nearby, accessible by free shuttle. Adjacent is the

famous I.M. Pei-designed Pyramide du Louvre, whose ultramodern

geometrical glass and steel structure creates a neat counterpart to the domed

glass Beaux-Arts lines of the Grand Palais.

Unlike its English counterpart the Frieze Art Fair, FIAC does not limit its

exhibitors to living contemporary artists. The result is an impressively

expansive array of artists,

ranging from the newly emerging, such as cutting-edge art cooperative

Societ Raliste; to giants of the contemporary art scene like Damien Hirst

and Richard Serra; to post-war innovators, from Roy Lichtenstein to Jean-

Michel Basquiat; to legends of modern art like Picasso, Dali and Matisse.

Design and Cultural Programme
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FIAC is a show which has enjoyed a recent resurgence in popularity and

influence, thanks to continuous innovation and developments to the

programme.

The fair itself returned in 2003 to its celebrated home in the Grand Palais

after an unsuccessful four-year spell at Paris Expo in far-flung Porte de

Versailles, on the outskirts of the city. Following up the positive momentum

of the fairs Grand Palais return, FIAC organisers have worked diligently to

enhance the event with every edition.

The design element of the show was added in 2004, followed a year later by

the FIAC cultural programme, consisting of the Tuileries sculpture garden as

well as a diverse interdisciplinary line-up of artistic events called Ouvertures

(Openings) which range from concerts to various live performance pieces.

The Great Exhibition, London

The Great Exhibition, also known as Crystal Palace, was an internationalexhibition that was held in Hyde Park, London, England, from 1 May to 15

October1851 and the first in a series ofWorld's Fairexhibitions ofcultureand industry that were to be a popular 19th century feature.
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Queen Victoria opens the Great Exhibition at the Crystal Palace

The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all Nations wasorganized by Prince Albert, Henry Cole, Francis Henry, Charles Dilke andother members of the Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts,Manufactures and Commerce as a celebration of modern industrialtechnology and design. It can be argued that the Great Exhibition wasmounted in response to the highly successful French Industrial Exposition of1844. Prince Albert, Queen Victoria's consort, was an enthusiastic promoterof a self-financing exhibition; the government was persuaded to form the

Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851 to establish the viability ofhosting such an exhibition.
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The enormous "Crystal Palace" went from plans to grand opening in just

nine months.

A special building, nicknamed The Crystal Palace,[1] was designed by JosephPaxton (with support from structural engineer Charles Fox) to house theshow; an architecturally adventurous building based on Paxton's experiencedesigning greenhouses for the sixth Duke of Devonshire, constructed fromcast iron-frame components and glass made almost exclusively inBirmingham and Smethwick, which was an enormous success. Thecommittee overseeing its construction included Isambard Kingdom Brunel.The massive glass house was 1848 feet (about 563 m) long by 454 feet(about 138 m) wide, and went from plans to grand opening in just ninemonths. The building was later moved and re-erected in an enlarged form atSydenham in south London, an area that was renamed Crystal Palace; it waseventually destroyed by fire.[1]
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Six million people equivalent to a third of the entire population of Britainat the time visited the Exhibition. The Great Exhibition made a surplus of186,000 which was used to found the Victoria and Albert Museum, theScience Museum and the Natural History Museum which were all built inthe area to the south of the exhibition, nicknamed "Albertopolis", alongsidethe Imperial Institute. The remaining surplus was used to set up aneducational trust to provide grants and scholarships for industrial research,and continues to do so today.[2]

The exhibition caused controversy at the time. Some conservatives fearedthat the mass of visitors might become a revolutionary mob,[citation needed] whileradicals such as Karl Marx saw the exhibition as an emblem of the capitalistfetishism ofcommodities. Today the Great Exhibition has become a symbolof the Victorian Age, and its thick catalogue illustrated with steel engravings

is a primary source for High Victorian design.[

Alfred Charles Hobbs used the exhibition to demonstrate theinadequacy of several respected locks of the day.

Frederick Bakewell demonstrated a precursor to today's Fax machine. Mathew Brady wins medal for his daguerreotypes. William Chamberlin, Jr., of Sussex, exhibited what may have been the

world's first voting machine, which counted votes automatically andemployed an interlocking system to prevent overvoting.[4]

The Tempest Prognosticator, a barometer using leeches, was

demonstrated at the Great Exhibition The America's Cup yachting event began with a race held in

conjunction with the Great Exhibition. George Jennings designed the first public conveniences in the Retiring

Rooms of the Crystal Palace for which he charged one penny. The Koh-i-noor, the world's biggest known diamond at the time of the

great exhibition

Festival of Britain, London
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The Festival of Britain was a national exhibition which opened in Londonand around Britain in May 1951. The official opening was on May 3.[1] The

principal exhibition site was on the South Bank Site, London of the RiverThames nearWaterloo Station. Other exhibitions were held in Poplar, EastLondon (Architecture), South Kensington (Science) and the Kelvin Hall inGlasgow (Industrial Power) as well as travelling exhibitions that touredBritain by land and sea. Outside London major festivals took place inCardiff, Stratford-upon-Avon, Bath, Perth, Bournemouth, York, Aldeburgh,Inverness, Cheltenham, Oxford and other centres.[2]

At that time, shortly after the endofWorld War II, much of London

was still in ruins andredevelopment was badly needed.The Festival was an attempt togive Britons a feeling of recoveryand progress and to promote

better-quality design in therebuilding of British towns andcities following the war. TheFestival also celebrated thecentenary of the 1851 Great

Exhibition. It was the brainchild ofGerald Barry and the LabourDeputy Leader Herbert Morrisonwho described it as "a tonic for thenation".

Throughout the festival numerous Londoners participated in street markets,which sold fruits, poultry, vegetables, and antiques, at the Petticoat Lane(Middlesex Street) Market on the eastern edge of the London; Berwick

Market, in Soho; and at Portobello Market Kensington Gardens.Politically, the Festival of Britain has become a symbol for the incomplete

promise of the immediate post-war period. The support ofPeter Mandelsonfor the Millennium Dome project was perhaps an attempt byNew Labourtoengage with a similar symbolism, the promise of the new Millennium, asMandelson is the grandson ofHerbert Morrison.
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technology, and the wonders of nature. In Japanese, this is rendered as Ai-chikyhaku, which means (roughly) "Love the Earth Expo". According tothe official website:

We must come together and share our experience and wisdom, inorder to create a new direction for humanity which is both

sustainable and harmonious with nature.

The main site of the Expo was a forested area in Nagakute, east of Nagoya,covering an area of about 1.85km (450 acres). A smaller area of 0.15km(40 acres) nearby, accessible by gondola from the main site nearSeto is also

part of the Expo. Great care has been taken to build the pavilions out ofrecycled or recyclable materials, to lessen the environmental impact on thesite, and to provide environmentally friendly transportation to and within the

Expo area.The cost of the Expo has been estimated at 340 billion yen ($3.3 billion).However, the recorded 22,049,544 visitors greatly exceeded the target of15,000,000 and the Expo made a

profit of over 10 billion yen.

The nearby city ofToyota also held some related events, although there wasno special area set aside.
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The area in Nagakute can easily be reached from Nagoya by subway(Higashiyama line) to the last stop in Fujigaoka, followed by a ride on thenewly built Linimomagnetic levitation train.

"Satsuki and Mei's House" a recreation of the house from Hayao Miyazaki'sfamous movie My Neighbor Totoro, was a sell-out attraction. It re-opened tothe public on July 15, 2006.

ASIMO, Honda's humanoid robot, was shown off at the Expo, as one ofmany of its public appearances.

Expo 2015, Italy

Expo 2015 is the next scheduled Universal Exposition afterExpo 2010, andwill be hosted by Milan, Italy. The decision was taken by the BIE assemblyin Paris, on March 31, 2008. Milan beat the other candidate city, Izmir,Turkey by 21 votes, 86 to 65.

The event will be held under the themeFeeding the planet, energy for life.

The Expo is expected to use theFieraMilano complex of almost1.7 million m2,(170 hectares)northwest of the city centre, in

the municipalities of Rho andPero. The actual fair complex,designed by architectMassimiliano Fuksas willconnect to a 210 hectare area inArese, next to FieraMilano.

Another idea currently under examination by the Region of Lombardy
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regards the creation of a technology park focussing on innovative healthcareand environmental solutions, with a particular focus on low-emissions publictransport.

The specific location has produced an extremely rich and integratedinfrastructure:

The metro Line 1 connects the site to the city's public transportnetwork, the existing Molino Dorino parking facilities and a new car

park planned at the Fairgrounds. Three motorways - the A4 Turin-Milan-Venice, the A8/A9 Milan-

Como Chiasso and Milan-Varese, plus the western orbital road which joins the A1 Milan-Rome-Naples motorway to the south. Accessroads further supplement these routes, freeing local traffic from that in

transit to and from the Expo site. A high-speed rail link will have its own station near the east entrance

to the complex as well as serving two local railway lines connecting tothe Milan metro.

The site's geographical location, equidistant from Linate, Malpensaand Orio al Serio Airport allowing rapid access to Milan's threeairports.

Logo of zmir Expo 2015

zmir was the other candidate city, whose bidtheme was New Routes to a Better World/Health

for All.

Its bid would have made it the first fair in theEastern Mediterranean with a health theme. zmir

officials had promised to create a newly designed,large exhibition area (3.7 million m2) in nciralt, a

coastal suburb of the city; a high-speed train connection between majorcities (like Ankara and Istanbul); and the existing city metro system and itsrecently improved airport would have been further developed. There waslikely to have been wide ranging investment in the city. It was also planned
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that the most extensive archaeological museum in the world be developedbased on the archaeological richness of the zmir region.

The Izmir team also used the slogan "Izmir Population: 700 million" topromote Izmir's bid. Its "Bid Dossier" included a detailed description of theplans to finance and organize the event [1]. Although the 700 million claimwas not a direct part of this document, the income estimates were based onmultiple trips to the Expo by local and neighboring citizens as well as bytourists visiting Turkey.

The location of the Expo site in the outer suburbs of zmir was planned toallow visitors to Expo to combine their visit with access to local beaches.nciralt is a pleasant, green, coastal suburb boasting fish restaurants and arelaxed atmosphere. Balova is only a small distance from the then

anticipated EXPO site and the view of nciralt can be seen from cable carsthat climb up Balova mountain.

Romanian Fairs and Exhibitions

ROMEXPO S.A. is the largest and the most experienced Romaniancompany which stages exhibition events and contributes substantially to

setting up business contacts among partners throughout the world.

Its main activities consist in organizing trade fairs and exhibitions, providingfull packages of related services, conventions of all types, business and

private tourism.

Presently ROMEXPO S.A. is the leading Romanian company in the tradefairs and exhibitions industry, joining tradition, expertise and high qualityservice standards for the benefit of the ever demanding customers in achallenging environment.

ROMEXPO S.A. is also the most acknowledged organizer of the Romanianparticipations in the international exhibition events held abroad.

The variety, owed to the existence of more than 40 exhibitional eventsduring a year with thematics variety from constructions and food industry
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to medicine and defence industry explains why such a great number ofpeople

people succeeds to find a point of interest in ROMEXPO.

By the end of the 1950's, due to accelerated growth of the national economyand the expansion of the foreign trade relations, an Exhibition Center with

internationalvocation inBucharest has

been stronglyconsidered.Thus, in 1959,the authorities

of the Bucharestlaunch the

project of

building of anexhibitioncenter, using

up-dated architectural solutions, with a total area of 17,000 m .

In April 1962, the Bucharest Exhibitions Center was inaugurated with theoccasion of a 11 000 participants convention. At that time, the Center'sarchitecture was one of the most advanced in Europe, becoming emblematicto the modern Bucharest;

1963: the Exhibitions Office within the Romanian Chamber of Commerce isfounded;

August 1964 - the Exhibition of the National Economy Achievements EREN

was opened as the first showcase of the Romanian economy performances;

In 1968, the Exhibition Office becomes the Fairs and Exhibitions Company,specialized in organizing exhibitions in Bucharest and in foreign countries -official Romanian participation in foreign fairs;

Commercial Fairs and Exhibitions Proiect

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