Colonialism- India and South Africa

Mr. HardyRMS IB Middle School

2012-2013

WARM UP QUESTION• Based on what you know about European

colonial empires, which country do you think may have lost the most after World War II? Why?

• How do you think World War II may have affected independence movements in South Africa and India?

ANSWER IN COMPLETE SENTENCES!

British Rule

• 1858 Britain established Direct Rule over India– Indian Princes could still govern as long as they swore

allegiance to Great Britain– Puppet Government

• Created harsh taxes • Laws against Indian rights• Britain used the resources of Indian to enrich the

British Empire– Indian people soon resented the British government

British Rule

BRITISH SOLDIERS IN INDIA SOMETIME AFTER WWI

Steps towards Independence• Indian National Congress- 1885

– Goal- Equal status for Indians

• Soon began working towards independence

The Muslim League

• Believed in a free India• Feared that because of

their non-Hindu beliefs they would not receive fair treatment once independence was achieved

• Goal- free India should be split into 2 countries – 1 Hindu based – 1 Muslim based

Gandhi- The Father of Modern India

• Born in India, 1869– Family was Jainist (Belief of

non-violence)• Studied law in England• Practiced Hinduism but

influenced by Christianity and Islam through studies

• 1915- Convinced the Natl. Congress to use only a non-violent method for independence– Hold marches, boycott

British products and taxes*Assassinated in 1948

Independence• Achieved in 1947• Separated into 2 nations (Partition)

– India- Hindu centered– Pakistan- Muslim centered

• Separated again into Pakistan and Bangladesh• People still migrated where they wish

causing old rivalries to start up– About 1 million people were killed because of

old issues• Conflict between India and Pakistan still

occurs today but is not violent

South Africa• First Europeans- Dutch East India Company-

1652• First descendants of Dutch settlers who

farmed- Boers (Europeans)• Afrikaners- European descendants who spoke

native language• 1820 British takes control of Cape Colony• Boer War 1899- 1902 British defeat Boers for

control in Second Boer War.• 1910 South Africa becomes officially a

member of the British Empire.

British Soldiers Boer War

Boer Guerillas

Apartheid• Afrikaners and English-

European descendants controlled South Africa

• 1948 Afrikaners vs. British election– Afrikaners National

Party (NP) won control of South Africa, allowing for independent rule

APARTHEID

• Apartheid- strict set of segregation laws separating races.– Different schools and neighborhoods for each race– “White” social class made up only 20% but

controlled the government– Only whites could vote.

• The racist NP would control the government of South Africa until 1994.

Effects of Apartheid• Sanctions (economic rules) on South Africa

because of apartheid• South Africa banned from the Olympics for over

30 years• African National Congress- against apartheid

– Hosted boycotts– Strikes– Marches

• Over 70 years of apartheid during South Africa’s history– Apartheid ended in 1991

Independence

• 1994- First free multiracial election held• Nelson Mandela- first native president of

South Africa– 30 years in prison for apartheid resistance– Noble Peace Prize winner

“IF YOU WANT TO MAKE PEACE WITH YOUR ENEMY, YOU HAVE TO WORK WITH YOUR ENEMY. THEN HE BECOMES YOUR PARTNER.” Nelson Mandela

Independence Cartoons• Each partner group will have 1 piece of copy paper.• Fold your paper hotdog style and cut down the fold.

(One half to each partner)• Fold the paper into 3 boxes.• Through your panels tell a story about the struggle

for independence in India or South Africa. (Your partner and you may not choose the same country.)

• Each pane must have caption boxes with character speech and clearly outline an event in history.

• Your cartoon must be colored and neat!• Put your work into your notebook when you are

done then… read Breadwinner or Red Scarf Girl!

Independence Day 2?

Article Reading- Think Aloud!• Each student is responsible for annotating

their copy of the article. • As Mr. Hardy reads the article aloud, read

along. Do not write or highlight any material during the reading time.

• Think Aloud! During Stop and Jot! Time, annotate next to the material on your copy of the article. – Be sure to think of how “this” relates to me, why

is this important to know, and what connections can I make to the topic?

Wrap Up Highlighting

• With your partner re-read the article and…• 1. Highlight 1 sentence in each paragraph that

you feel best summarizes the information• 2. Next, cross out the sentence in the article

that you feel is the least important.

Write Around• Count off, as a class, by 3’s.

– 1- Gandhi, 2- King, 3- Mandela

• On the top of your legal paper write the sentence stem… “The most influential non-violence leader was _____________...”

• Now, complete the sentence with your own answer. For example- because he paved the way for South Africa to break from the oppression of the Apartheid. (You may NOT borrow!)

Write Around- Part 2• Next, pass your paper to your left. • On your neighbors paper, write a new sentence

that gives fuller information about their topic sentence. Use your article and annotations, there are there to help!

• Pass again- write a 3rd sentence that helps your neighbor’s summary.

• Pass again- write a 4th sentence that helps your neighbor’s summary

• Pass again- write a 5th conclusion sentence that helps your neighbor’s summary.

Cut and Paste Paragraph

• Cut your sentences apart so you can move them around, add to them, or even change the wording.

• You have until the end of class to create your Cut and Paste Paragraph!

• Be sure to glue it into your notebook!

• Interactive Notebook Order- – Guided Notes-

Independence- India and South Africa

– Independence Cartoon– Article- What Made Non-

Violence Work?– Cut and Paste Paragraph

*If you finish early, read Red Scarf Girl!