Coiled Tubing Conveyed Perforations

AYAMAN RASHAD, WSL - KAMEL ELSAYED, WSDE

GULF OF SUEZ PETROLEUM Co. GUPCO

FOR THE FIRST TIME IN GUPCO

Coiled-Tubing Conveyed Perforation

Coiled-Tubing Conveyed Perforation SAQQARA GS323-A1

SD RIG-141 TEAM

ON-SITE TEAM

Ayman Rashad, WSL

Mohamed Saeed, NWSL

Kamel Elsayed, WSDE

Hazem Mosaad, WSDE

Ahmed Elbohoty, DIST. ENG.

Mohamed Mohareb, CTU

Alaa Refaee, TCP

Mohamed Salah, WTL

Tarek Ahmed Ali, SOE

A. ELBELTAGY, CTU

A. SHAWKY, CTU

CAIRO TEAM

CONTENTS

1. Why CTCP

1. BHA Assembly

2. Firing Head

2. Job Preparation:

1. Acid Pickling For Ct

2. GR/CCL Correlation Run

3. Safe Handling procedures

4. Dummy Run

3. Shooting:

1. Procedures

2. Perforation Runs

3. Firing Charts

4. Lessons Learned – Depth Counter

1. Why : Coiled-Tubing Conveyed Perforation CTCP ?

THE CHALLENGE

GS323-A1 history:

- Clean-out the hole with Baker Taper mill / Motor assembly.

- Clean-out with Halliburton Coil-sweep® assembly.

- RIH w/ slick line … stopped @ 14,670 ft. (target perforating depth 14,800 ft.)

- RIH w/ E-line dummy gun … stopped @ 14,633 ft.

- Due to high angle (68° @ PBTD), It seems that the hole can’t get cleaned enough to run E-

line perforation.

- That’s where CTCP came into action … due to the snubbing capability of CT, that can push

the gun assy. To the required depth.

Conveying perforating guns to the zone of interest with coiled tubing has been effectively used

for many years in a variety of applications. Benefits include faster run-in times when compared

to conventional methods. And the guns can be detonated either with wireline or a pressure-

activated firing head. Some of the applications include:

Perforating in Underbalanced Conditions:

• Underbalanced Perforation allows increased flow from the formation, which helps clean the

perforations and helps reduce near-wellbore damage.

High Angle / Horizontal Well Perforating:

• Coiled tubing conveyed perforating could be deployed in horizontal portions of the well

where conventional methods of perforating are impractical or impossible.

Coiled Tubing Used as the Production String:

• The coiled tubing that conveys the perforating guns can also be used as the production

tubing after well completion.

1. Coiled-Tubing Conveyed Perforation CTCP Capabilities

1.1. CT BHA

1.1. Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA)

A standard coiled-tubing BHA consists of :

1. Coil Connector

2. Dual flapper check valves DFCV

3. Hydraulic disconnect mechanism

4. Circulating sub, with rupture disc

5. Equalizer sub with pressure bleed ports,

6. “Ball Drop Type” firing head

7. Perforating gun

1. Coil Connector

• It is used for attaching a tool string to the end of the coiled tubing. When

installed correctly, provide strong sealed connection to the coiled tubing. a

fishing neck, utilize O-ring seals to seal off the coiled tubing in order to

maintain pressure integrity for the tool string (thread: CS-Hydril)

2. Dual flapper check valve

• It is normally run directly below the coiled tubing connector in CTU operations

and at the top of the BHA in snubbing operations.

• It is run as a well control measure to prevent wellbore pressure from entering

the work string.

• The Back Pressure Valve is a flapper type valve that allows flow down the

tubing, but stops flow coming back up the tubing.

• The Back Pressure Valve has two flappers and flapper seals.


3. Hydraulic Disconnect

• Releases the tubing from other downhole tools run below. It is activated

by a ball and tubing pressure. The hydraulic disconnect is used as an

emergency safety joint.

• Another main application; the assembly allows mechanical packers, bridge

plugs, and tubing hangers to be run, set, and released from coiled tubing.

4. Circulating sub with Rupture disk

• is designed to allow a circulation path from tubing to annulus. it is a ball

actuated and is normally run below the hydraulic disconnect and above

the down hole motor.

• Pumping a ball which will shift the piston sleeve, exposing circulation

ports (depending on number of shear pins and rating).

• Rupture disk : when the bottom hole assembly becomes plugged,

increased pressure from the surface will rupture the disc and allow

circulation of an actuation ball. (rupture disk up to 5,000 Psi)


5. Equalizer sub with pressure bleed ports,

• Vented cross-over

• Normally the vent is too small that can allow

building-up pressure against ball seat and shear it.

• BUT

• In case the gun didn’t fire after dropping the firing

ball and had to POH to surface without firing, then

there will be trapped pressure inside the coil and the

ball seat can shear any time now, this vent works to

vent the trapped pressure slowly to avoid miss fire at

surface.


It’s all about the firing head

1.2. Firing head

1.2. Firing Head

The Hydraulic-Actuator Firing (HAF) Head is a pressure-balanced tool that automatically fills the

tubing string while it is running in the well. A stainless steel (or Ceramic) ball is dropped from

the surface and circulated into position. Pressure applied to the tubing string actuates the HAF.

Operation

A stainless steel (or Ceramic) ball is dropped from the surface or is circulated downhole into the

hammer piston. Pressure applied to the tubing string shears the retaining pins and forces the

hammer piston into the firing pin. The firing pin detonates the initiator, which starts the

detonation of the perforating assembly. Circulation is regained as soon as the firing pin has

been sheared.

Features and Benefits:

• Allows packerless completions

• Makes actuation easily observable

• Is useful in coiled tubing-conveyed completions, deviated wells, and through-tubing

perforation

• Is reusable

The type used for GS323-A1 job

Circulating Ports

Hammer Ball Seat

Firing Pin

HTI High Temperature

Initiator

PAI: Polymer Alignment Insert

Prima Chord

BDB

Firing ball (Ceramic/steel)

1.2. Firing Head

BDB

5/8” Ceramic Firing Ball

Circulating Port

Ball seat Shear pins

Shear pin for hammer

O-ring

O-ring

1.2. Firing Head : Ball Seat

Alignment pin (NOT to be sheared)

Alignment pin (to be sheared)

Alignment groove

1.2. Firing Head : Firing Pin

All this part needs to be equalized

1.2. Firing Head : Relief Ports

Relief Ports

These many ports serve as

relief/equalize in the area

between the hammer and the

firing pin … as if there is any

trapped pressure in this area, will

slow the hammer and thus firing

power will NOT be transmitted

completely to the firing pin …

which may not be enough to

shear the firing pin .. Causing miss

fire.

1.2. Firing Head : Circulating ports

After shooting, the ball seat

moves down and reopens the

circulating ports and circulation

is regained.

This is the most reliable

indication for successful firing.

Circulating Ports

FIRING HEAD CONNECTOR TO GUN

PAI: POLYMER ALIGNMENT INSERT

1.2. Firing Head : Bi-directional Booster

BDB : Bi-directional Booster

ACMI XO between Gun and Firing Head with O-rings to prevent fluids from entering the gun

Firing Head

2. JOB PREPARATION

2.1. ACID PICKLING

Acid pickling:

• Is used to clean-up the inside of coiled-tubing.

• It removes mud/gel, rust, scale, and any grease from the ID of the tubing.

• pumping of acid and/or proppant will loosen debris from walls of tube, and will sweep the

materials out of the coil (take return to production header).

• Protecting the firing head mechanism from any malfunction or miss-fire.

• Also prevent sweeping this scale into the perforations, creating severe impairment for

production.

Recipe:

• Fresh water

• Acid 31.5%

• Fe1A Acetic acid

• Fe-2 Cetric acid

• HAIOS - corrosion inhibitor

You’re going to need:

• Raw HCL acid (31.5% conc.)

• Acid mixing tank (30 bbl. cap.)

• Diaphragm pump (for mixing)

• Pump rubber goods must be able to tolerate acid.

Acid mixing tank (mixing by circulating from the tank

and to it again, not with hopper) Raw Acid tank

2.1. ACID PICKLING

2.2. SET-CORE GR/CCL CORRELATION RUN

MU SETCORE GR/CCl BHA as follows:

• 2.25" COIL CONNECTOR.

• 2.25" DFCV.

• 2.25" HYDRAULIC DISCONNECT.

• X-OVER (1-1/4" CS HYDRIL BOX x 1" CS HYDRIL PIN)

• 1.75" CIRC SUB.

• X-OVER (1" CS HYDRIL BOX x 1-11/16" SUCKER ROD BOX)

• 1.69" BATTERY HOUSING.

• 1.69" MPL

• 1.69" CCL.

• 1.69" GR.

• 1.69" PULL PLUG

• Measure and report BHA before RIH

• SETCORE GR/CCL is a Memory recording device, it doesn’t send data real time to surface.

• It records using downhole battery so it shouldn’t be connected until about to RIH (battery 23

HRs working time).

• SETCORE has its own digital depth counter, which is connected on CT depth wheel, and CT

reads only the manual / mechanical depth readings.

• SETCORE GR/CCL doesn’t have an ID to circulate through, so there should be a circulating

sub on top of it.


Battery

CCL

GR

Memory

XO


CT digital counter CT mechanical

counter SETCORE

digital counter


Procedures:

• RIH, Stop while RIH @ 1,000 ft. for 5 min and @ 2,000 ft. for 5 min as per SETCORE

recommendations

• RIH, stop while RIH @ marker pup joints, flag coil

• RIH, stop while RIH GR peaks, flag coil

• RIH with CT till wet tag BTM, flag coil

• POH 50 ft. and confirm tag again and flag coil

• POH to surface (check coil flag depths while POH)

Notes:

• For any flag … be sure string under tension

• Circ. through string while @ 0.25-0.5 BPM

• Stop at pup joints top depths and GR peaks & flag coil while string under tension (as

marks for correlation).

• Don’t exceed 50 fpm running speed (reduce speed at any expected obstruction” SSSV, X/O,

GLM’s, nipples, … etc.)

• Check WT each 1000 ft. (PU at least 25 / 50 ft. to establish good readings. Record pickup and

slack off weights vs. depth)

• Do not exceed 1000 lb. slack of weight at any time.

Securing the gun with Nylon

slings and two long tag lines, lift

same towards RF.

1

Make up Hall 2” safety clamp

below dummy firing head in the

specified place as per Hall rep.

instructions

Install air tagger wire below

safety clamp and start PU assy.

inside V door with tandem lifting

technique (lifting plan, one

banks man, clear communication

between driller, crane operator)

to get assy. in vertical position

using air tagger

2

2.3. Handling procedures

Firing Pin

Dummy Firing Head “Used here as

protector only”

C-plate

4-1/16” 10K flange (Halliburton CT riser)

Land it smoothly on the

Hall. CT flange & Remove the wire sling.

DON’T

Don’t forget to change the ring gasket of CTU flange before landing the gun.

4-1/16” 10K flange > BX155

3

Wire sling

Remove the dummy firing head, install the active one, connect same to CT by with

pipe wrench to connect

same to coil, PU gun assy.,

release safety clamp

4

Coiled-Tubing

Firing head

GUN

C-plate

Close CT flange, pressure test riser to 500 PSI only for

10 Minutes ( to avoid shearing ball seat by

mistake), normally pressure test riser to 3,000 Psi

5

After test in OK, open swab, LMV & wing manual valves.

Use hand pump to open UMV, SSSV & wing valves.

6

• P/U dummy string as explained before.

• Make pressure tests as usual

• Wash down W/ min rate (0.5 BPM / 600 PSI which come first) till tag bottom @ 14840 ft

ORKB (60 fpm), observe return and confirm well is full through sample point.

• Correlate coil depth according to last run with GR-CCL.

• POH to surface (70 fpm) w/ pump out w/ min rate (0.5 bpm).

2.4. Dummy Run

3. SHOOTING

PROCEDURES :

• L/D Dummy Run assy.

• Flush coil with 5/8” ceramic ball.

• PU & MU TCP live gun assy. #1 as explained before.

• Pressure test pump lines/reel/hook up connection against tree swab valve to 500 psi for 10

min with water, bleed off to zero (500 Psi only to avoid accidentally activating the firing head)

• Pressure test DFCV to 500 psi for 10 min, bleed off to zero, open tree swab valve and LMV.

• Wash down W/ min rate (0.5 BPM, 500 Psi which comes first, 40 fpm max, monitor pressure)

till gun in depth.

• Confirm gun in depth / check flag marks / set core GR/CCL correlation and string under

tension

• Record wellhead pressure and PU WT before firing.

• Confirm circ. free before drop ball.

• Drop 5/8” ceramic ball from coil Tbg reel port.

• Pump ball with maximum 500 Psi until land ball in place.

• Raise up pressure on stages to 3000 psi to activate firing head and monitor firing indications.

3.1. Perforation Runs

FIRING INDICATIONS:

1. Sudden pressure drop from 3000 psi to normal circulating pressure.

2. Instantaneous change in WT on martin decker.

3. Instantaneous increase in well head pressure.

4. Return will stop when ball in place, then back again once firing where ball opened

circulating path again.

5. Possible sound indication.

6. Possible oil in return.

• POH while pump out to surface (0.5 BPM, 40 fpm max, monitor pressure & confirm full

return) .

• Confirm BHA above tree, Close tree vertical valves.

• Bleed off pressure in riser to zero (on 100 psi stages, coil tbg pressure must be monitored

to ensure it is also being bleed off simultaneously with the riser pressure).

• Disconnect BOP, confirm gun is 100% fired or not.

• L/D TCP live gun assy #1.

3.1. Perforation Runs

• In Case the pressure in the CT does not bleed off simultaneously with the riser

• the guns must be run back to perforating depth and the CT pressure must be increased

until circulation is regained, either by the guns firing or bursting the rupture disc in motor

head assembly.

• Once circulation has been regained then a ball should be pumped down to open the

circulating sleeve in the motor assembly to increase the flow area before starting out of

hole.

• If it becomes necessary to run back to bottom and circulation cannot be established

between CT and annulus the operation should be halted until a path forward is agreed

upon by the customer and Halliburton management. TCP Global advisor should be

contacted immediately.

Contingency plan

• Safety Precautions for POOH:

• Circulation between the CT and annulus must be established and verified by TCP Eng. And

CT supervisor.

• While POOH and every 1000 ft. the coil must be stopped and circulation between the CT

and the annulus must be re-established and verified.

• At 200 ft. below surface circulation between the CT and the annulus must be re-

established and verified.

• when guns reached at surface in the riser and after closing the x-mass tree

• All personal should be cleared from within a 100 ft. radius from riser.

• To ensure there is no trapped pressure above firing head, the coil pressure should be

bleed off through the annulus. Begin bleeding the pressure in riser off slowly in

increments of 100 psi. the CT pressure must be monitored to ensure it is also being bleed

off simultaneously with the riser pressure.

Contingency plan

Guns sent to rig

Pressure profile for HAFH Jobs.

• When pumping down a ball to activate a HAFH, different pressure profiles may occur

depending upon many parameters including the sequence of the pumping operation and

the type of fluid being pumped.

• If the fluid being used to pump a ball down - hole is a liquid the expected pressure profile

should be similar to the diagram below

ACTUAL : 1st Firing Run

ACTUAL : 2nd Firing Run

Fired gun

After

Before

Gun swelling at shots positions

Issue #1

• RIH w/ SETCORE GR-CCL to 80 ft., found HALL mechanical depth counter & SETCORE

digital depth Encoder not reading, POH to surface, found SETCORE digital depth

encoder setting bolts touch Hall mechanical wheels stopping them from move, Re-

adjust bolts, all ok, POH to surface to re zero Depth counter.

Conclusion: before RIH, make sure that depth counter wheel is free to rotate without any

obstacle.

Issue #2

• RIH w/ SETCORE GR/CCL on coil Tbg, had tag w/ 1,000 lb. @ 13,456 ft. ORKB (1,384

ft. shallower than expected PBTD @ 14,840 FT ORKB based on depth counter)

• Download SETCORE logging data, correlate depth Using GR-CCL log dated mar, 30,

2010, correlated Tag depth @ 14,890 ft ORKB > Tag is confirmed correctly.

• Check OD of wheels for both counters, found Changed counter OD (4.17") and

installed counter OD (3.82")

Conclusion: make sure that depth counter wheel is of standard dimensions.

4. Lessons learned : Depth counter Issues

Counter wheel … make sure this is of

standard size and is completely free to rotate

4. Lessons learned : Depth counter Issues

• Best Practices for Hydraulic Actuator Firing Head Global Distribution Rev IADC

• Halliburton Perforating_Solutions_catalog

• coiled tubing- admarine 2

• PARADIGM® INDUSTRIES

References

KAMEL ELSAYED DRILLING ENGINEER

SD RIG-141 TEAM

[email protected]

0122 910 2341

THANKS FOR YOUR TIME

DON’T HESITATE TO CONTACT FOT ANY QUESTIONS

AYMAN RASHAD WELLSITE LEADER

SD RIG-141 TEAM

[email protected]

010 65 717 313

Coiled Tubing Conveyed Perforations

Engineering

Transcript of Coiled Tubing Conveyed Perforations