Cloud 201: Leveling up! Cloud Technologies for Public...

Cloud 201: Clifton rev 140330 Page: 1

Cloud 201: Leveling up!

Cloud Technologies for Public Broadcast Ron Clifton, BASc, MASc

CliftonGroup International Limited


Objective • Follow-up to Cloud 101 & 102 presented

in previous years • Background technology overview as the

basis for discussion of the next version of the PTV Interconnection System

See also W. Pacena Cloud 101 and IP Multicasting Sessions for additional technology background


Spoiler Alert This is NOT a v6 presentation

But: it IS intended to be a technology overview for those who will be participating

in some of the system design trade-off discussions for v6


Outline • Refresher • Connectivity

– Alternative approaches – Introduction to MPLS IP-VPN – Understanding COS/QOS – Example system configurations

• Cloud services – Example IaaS, PaaS & SaaS for broadcast

• Summary and Q&A


Refresher


The Paradigm Shift • The connectivity and technology exist today

to implement the complete broadcast workflow from ingest to transmission in “the cloud”

• There are many excellent public cloud options but for Broadcast, a private/hybrid community cloud configuration is ideal


The National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) Cloud Computing Model Enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.


Defining Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is more than just “doing stuff in the cloud”

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

THREE SERVICE MODELS

Broad Network Access

Rapid Elasticity

Measured Service

On-Demand Self Service

Resource Pooling

FIVE MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS

PRIVATE PUBLIC HYBRID COMMUNITY FOUR DEPLOYMENT

MODELS


The Connectivity Challenge


The Connectivity Challenge • Reliable cost-effective point-to-multipoint

connectivity is the most critical item for a cloud-based broadcast application

• Fortunately, there are alternatives

Connectivity


One Approach: Internet Aggregation

SDI and/or IP Video

SDI and/or IP Video

SDI and/or IP Video PROVIDER APPLIANCE

Example service providers: LTN Global, VideoShip • In use for broadcast today (e.g. NBC,CNN,FOX, PBS &others)

PUBLIC INTERNET AND/OR LEASED LINE


One Approach: Internet Aggregation Buffering is used to “smooth out” expected network jitter and latency/delay variations

Original input at ingress

(e.g. linear video)

Output buffer done at egress (200-600 msecs

typical)

In-network jitter and delay


Another Approach: MPLS IP-VPN (Multi Protocol Label Switching)

MPLS Network


MPLS IP-VPN • Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS):

– Next generation technology replacing legacy Layer 2 ATM and Frame Relay networks

• IP-VPN: – Internet Protocol (e.g. Layer 3 router-to-router) – Virtual Private Networks on shared but

dedicated fiber infrastructure


Why MPLS IP-VPN? • State-of-the-art for enterprise-

class Ethernet over WAN today

• 100 Mbps & DS3 (45 Mbps) are common and most popular – OC3 & 1 Gbps also available

• Becoming increasingly affordable & highly competitive

Multiple Tier 1 Vendors:

…+ others WAN= Wide Area Networks


Traditional Satellite OPEX Advantage


Why MPLS IP-VPN? • Transparent private virtual networks using IP

• IP multicast enabled for bandwidth efficiency • Automatic redundancy/DR in the core network

• Class of Service (COS) provides ability to prioritize traffic (e.g. linear video over non-linear file delivery) • Typical low latency: e.g. 25- 50 msecs RTT • Typical low jitter: e.g. 2 - 5 msecs • Typical Bit Error Rate (BER): “Near zero”

• Variety of network topologies available including full-duplex (i.e. two-way) mesh interconnection


Example Tier 1 Product Offerings Routing Transparency Protection CoS Network Billing Technology

Customer ControlledFull Layer 2

TransparencyOptional on local access.

Customer Controlled

Dedicated FlatEthernet over

DWDM

Customer ControlledFull Layer 2

TransparencyFast Reroute in

the coreAll Traffic classified as Premium Data

Shared FlatEthernet over

MPLS Core

Multipoint MAC switching Ethernet

VPN service

Tagged or Transparent

options

Fast Reroute in the core

4 Classes of Service Shared FlatEthernet over

MPLS core

IPv4, IPv6 Layer 3 ServiceFast Reroute in

the core

6 Classes of service with 10 Priority

Options.Shared Flat IP over MPLS

IPv4, IPv6 Layer 3 ServiceFast Reroute in

the core4 Classes of Service

Public Internet

Tiered and Burstable

IP over MPLS core

Source: Verizon 2014Source: Verizon 2014


Example Tier 1 Product Offerings

Source: Level 3


An MPLS IP-VPN Network Approach

MPLS Network

Station

((( )))

PE= Provider Edge Router


Layer 3 MPLS IP-VPN Station

A Layer 3 MPLS IP-VPN is functionally equivalent to a

Virtual Ethernet LAN

Station

Station

Station

Ethe

rnet

LAN

LAN= Local Area Network


An Example M&E Application

Linear

Non-Linear

M&C

Content

Linear

Non-Linear

Content

M&C

M&C=Monitoring & Control


Understanding COS/QOS • Class of Service (COS) is a traffic engineering

technique used to prioritize traffic on a network • e.g. the 3-bit CS0-7 VLAN tagging in Ethernet headers

(per 802.1Q) • used to implement Quality of Service (QOS) rules to

differentiate and shape/police network traffic

• For modern Layer 3 IP networks, Differentiated Services (DiffServ) QOS (e.g. DSCP-x) replaces legacy IPv4 Type of Service (TOS)


Example M&E Application

COS is checked at ingress to the MPLS network and delivered over MPLS by priority assigned limits

VLAN-type COS is set by application and priority

For example:

HI ------- LOW ---

MED ---

Policing to bandwidth limits (e.g. 100 Mbps) is done at the egress from the MPLS network

----- HI ----- LOW

----- MED


Fully Symmetric – Both ways

COS is checked at ingress to the MPLS network and delivered over MPLS by priority assigned limits

Policing to bandwidth limits (e.g. 100 Mbps) is done at the egress from the MPLS network

HI ------- LOW ---

MED ---

VLAN-type COS is set by application and priority

For example:

----- HI ----- LOW

----- MED


Ingest & Edit Traffic

Automation Archive

Playout & Encode

TSoIP

*TSoIP = Transport Stream over IP

Example “head-end/NOC” Configuration

Man

aged

VLA

N S

witc

h * See W Pacena session for IP Multicast tutorial

Multicast Host *

File Share MAM

M&C

MAM= Media Asset Management


Adding COS for Broadcast QOS M&C

File Share MAM


Automation Archive

Playout & Encode

Man

aged

VLA

N S

witc

h

Multicast Host*

MED

HI

LO

COS: EXAMPLES ONLY

TSoIP

*TSoIP = Transport Stream over IP


“IP” IRDs “IP” IRDs

Example “Station-side” Configuration

IRD = Integrated Receiver Decoder

“IP” IRDs

VLAN Switch

File Share

Cache

M&C

((( )))

Traffic, Automation,

Master Control

& Playout

HD-SDI STATION



Example: using COS to Manage QOS

“IP” IRDs

VLAN Switch

File Share

Cache

M&C

((( )))


Master Control

& Playout

HD-SDI STATION

BEST EFFORT (COS=LOW)

• 5 GB @ 50 Mbps = 13.3 mins

• 5 GB @ 100 Mbps = 6.7 mins

• 5 GB @ 200 Mbps = 3.3 mins

BEST EFFORT

IP MULTICAST (COS=HI)

• HD: 10-15 Mbps • SD: 3- 4 Mbps

IP MULTICAST

This IRD does an IP Multicast join



Adding a backup NOC

“IP” IRDs

VLAN Switch

File Share

Cache

M&C

((( )))


Master Control

& Playout

HD-SDI STATION

Primary NOC

Secondary/Backup NOC (geo-diversity & load balancing)


Scaling up Primary NOC

Secondary/Backup NOC


… is functionally equivalent to:

ETHERNET LAN


Other Features of MPLS IP-VPN

Direct internet Access (DIA)

Public Internet

Private & Hybrid Cloud Service

Providers (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS)


MEMBER STATIONS

LOCAL CABLE

BACKUP NOC (LINEAR &

FB CONTENT)

LINEAR RT FEED CONTENT

FILE BASED (FB) CONTENT

PBS NOC/SOC & DDMS

GigE/10GigE 100 Mbps/DS3 CLOUD

SERVICES (PRIVATE

and/or HYBRID)

PRIVATE IP-VPN MPLS NETWORK

PBS MOC

Content Contribution

OTHERs

NOC: Network Operations Center SOC: Satellite Operations Center MOC: Media Operations Center DDMS: Disaster, Diversity, Maintenance Site

Satellite Overlay and Backup

3 Mbps SD (APAC)

Existing

Example: a potential v6 Candidate

PUBLIC INTERNET


Cloud Services


Three Service Models (Cloud 101)

Source: derived from Microsoft

PaaS

Networking

Storage

Servers

Virtualization

O/S

Middleware

Runtime

Data

Applications

SaaS

Networking

Storage

Servers

Virtualization

O/S

Middleware

Runtime

Data

Applications

Legacy

Networking

Storage

Servers

Virtualization

O/S

Middleware

Runtime

Data

Applications

= YOU provide & manage

IaaS

Networking

Storage

Servers

Virtualization

O/S

Middleware

Runtime

Data

Applications

= VENDOR provides & manages


Cloud Service Deployment Scenarios

Legacy Equipment PaaS/SaaS

) Cloud Service

Provider(s)

Highly Virtualized PaaS/SaaS

IaaS/SaaS/PaaS on Private/Hybrid IaaS

INDUSTRY TREND

Optional ”Orchestration” Layer

IaaS = Infrastructure as a Service PaaS= Platform as a Service SaaS= Software as a Service


Preliminary cloud services “wish list”

Note: IaaS/PaaS/SaaS in this list are for grouping only


Examples of Providing IaaS

Primary


Public Internet

Direct Connect

Private & Public IaaS Providers

(e.g. AWS, Savvis, Rackspace etc…)

and/or • IT services • Development • Testing • Other IaaS


Some Typical PaaS Examples

Primary


Public Internet

Direct Connect

Private & Hybrid PaaS Providers

and/or • Transcoding • Archival • MAM • File Sharing • OTT delivery


PaaS Example: OTT Delivery via CDN

Primary

Cross Platform OTT delivery

Public Internet

Direct Connect (e.g. 1/10Gbps)

Content Distribution

Network (CDN) Providers


Primary

PaaS Example: LTO Archival

• LTO Archival

LTO


LTFS

LTFS= Linear Tape File System (open standard)


Primary

PaaS Example: LTO Archival LTO


LTFS • LTFS Archival • Plus Public

Cloud option (e.g. Glacier)

Public Internet


Primary

Another Archive Option LTO

LTFS LTFS


Example: SaaS “Station in the Cloud”

Primary

Direct Connect

Managed Service Providers • Joint Master Control • CentralCasting • Complete playout service

HD: 10-15 Mbps SD: 3- 4 Mbps 1 HD & 3 SD= <30 Mbps

100 Mbps = 10 HD or 30 SD 1 Gbps= 100 HD or 300 SD


Concept : “Station in the Cloud” (1 of 2)

((( )))


Automation Archive Playout & Encode

Station WABC

Production and Operations

RF


Concept : “Station in the Cloud” (2 of 2)

((( )))


Automation Archive Playout & Encode

Station WABC

Production and Operations

WDEF

WABC RF

HD: 10-15 Mbps SD: 3- 4 Mbps 1 HD & 3 SD= <30 Mbps


Summary • The technologies exist today to implement the

complete end-to-end broadcast workflow using cloud computing technologies

• This is a natural migration from our traditional

broadcast infrastructure and the way of the future


Thank you for your time

Q&A?

Ron Clifton, BASc, MASc, PEng CliftonGroup International Ltd

[email protected]

Vision without execution is a dream and execution without vision is a nightmare

Cloud 201: Leveling up! Cloud Technologies for Public...

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