Closing of the Frontier and Industrialization

Chapter 3

I. Post-Civil War Reservation Policy

1. Help reform Indians2. Assimilate3. “Reservations”easier to reform4. Indians had no say5. Not citizens

Dawes Severalty Act, 1887

"We must throw some protection" [over the Indian]. "We must hold up his hand." — Senator Henry L. Dawes, 1887.

"...the real aim of [the Act] is to get at the Indians land and open it up for resettlement." — Senator Henry M. Teller, 1891.

Dawes Severalty Act-1887

6. Dawes Severalty Act-1887a. 168 parcelsb. Given to individual familiesc.If acceptedcitizens in 25 yrs.

7. Effects:a. Loss tribal landsb. Gov. dependencyc. Disrupted Culture

II. Resistance

1. Sioux Wars 18762. June 1876—”Custer’s Last Stand”3. Sioux won-->revenge4. Ghost Dance 5. Land; Buffalo; NO WHITE MEN!!6. Wounded Knee

III. Western Society

1. More men than women2. Strike it rich; autonomy3. Isolated, unprotected

http://www.legendsofamerica.com/photos-oldwest/PatGarrett-500.jpg

IV. Railroads

1. May 10, 1869-Trans. RR2. Stimulated:

1. Steel2. Iron3. Lumber

3. 4 Time Zones

Railroads (cont’d)

4. 1854-Chinese came during the Gold Rush5. 7,000RR6. Chinese Exclusion Act 1882-Prohibited Chinese immigration.7. Gov. funded: aid and land grants

Railroads (cont’d)

8. Cornelius Vanderbuilt9. RR monopoly

V. Great Plains Farming

1. Ag. big business!2. Mechanization3. Hatch Act 1887

1. Ag. experiment Stations in every state2. Science/Tech.

Farming (cont’d)

4. Difficult to Adapt:1. Sod Houses (Sodbusters)2. Little water3. Insects4. Weather5. Monotony

Farming (cont’d)

5. Homestead Act, 1868 1. Work the land for 5 yrs.2. Given the title, 160 acres3. Encourage settlement

VI. Cattle Boom

1. Cash Crop of W/SW2. CowboysLong DrivesTexas up to Cheyenne, WY(Long Drives)3. Barbed Wire4. Overgrazing; badweather

VII. Industrialization

1. Industrialization 2. Urbanization3. Immigration

VIII. Technology

1. Edison2. Ford

Technology (cont’d)

3. Other inventions1. Refrigeration

IX. Labor

1. Work like robots.2. Employers take control3. Women and kids4. Unsafe5. No benefits6. UNIONS

X. Corporate Giants

1. Supreme Court defends corporations as “citizens”!!2. John D. Rockefeller 3. Horizontal Integration—One aspect of production4. Monopoly

Corporate Giants (cont’d)

5. Andrew Carnegie6. Vertical Integration—all aspects of an industry7. U.S. Steel Corp.8. JP Morgan9. Financed such corporations

XI. Urbanization

1. 1880—U.S. Urban2. Many moved to citybetter life opportunity3. Natural resources+RR+Industrialization=Urban growth4. Suburbsfor the wealthy5. Indoor plumbing, street lights, sewers, etc.

Urbanization (cont’d)

6. Inner cities= slums

7. Dumbbell Tenements8. Cheap brick 9. 4-6 stories10. Very small11. No water, no bathrooms12. Bathrooms in basement for whole building!!