CLEAN ENERGY FROM CLEAN ENERGY FROM WASTEWASTE

István Barta

managing director,

Bio-Genezis Environmental Ltd.www.bio-genezis.hu

WASTE OR ENERGY?WASTE OR ENERGY?

AMOUNT OF MSWAMOUNT OF MSWIN HUNGARYIN HUNGARY

90 000 120 000

210 000

Thousand t

Year

• soil cover• gravel layer • 2 x 25 cm mineral insulating layer• gas release layer 50 cm thick• deposited non hazardous waste

• geotextile 200 g/m2

• draining layer• Geotextile 1200 g/m2

• HDPE liner 2,5 mm thick• geo-electronic sensor system• mineral lining layer, min 50 cm

Closing:

Bottom lining:

LANDFILL BOTTOM LINING AND CLOSING

0

20

40

60

80

100I II III IV V

%

GENERATION AND COMPOSITION OF GENERATION AND COMPOSITION OF LANDFILL GASLANDFILL GAS

N2

CO2

CH4

N2

O2

O2

TimeI. Phase: aerob decompositionII. Phase: anaerobic conditions begin to developIII.Phase: acid phase (facultative and obligate anaerobic bacteria) (pH ≈ 5) IV.Phase: methane fermentation phase (pH ≈ 6.8-8)V. Phase: maturation phase (slowly biodegradable waste)

H2

Month N2 CO2 CH4

0-3 5,2 88 5

3-6 3,8 76 21

6-12 0,4 65 29

12-18 1,1 52 40

18-24 0,4 53 47

24-30 0,2 52 48

30-36 1,3 46 51

36-42 0,9 50 47

42-48 0,4 51 48

GENERATION OF LANDFILL GASGENERATION OF LANDFILL GAS48 MONTHS AFTER CLOSING48 MONTHS AFTER CLOSING

DURING OPERATION

Solid Waste

Soil

Evapo-transpiration

Precipitation

Top

percolate

Surface runoff

MOISTURE BALANCE FOR LANDFILLMOISTURE BALANCE FOR LANDFILL

AFTER CLOSING

Solid waste

Surface runoff

Geomembran liner

Closing layer

Intercepted percolate

Sand

MOISTURE BALANCE FOR LANDFILLMOISTURE BALANCE FOR LANDFILL

Evapo-transpiration

Precipitation

EFFECT OF REDUCED MOISTURE CONTENT EFFECT OF REDUCED MOISTURE CONTENT

ON THE PRODUCTION OF LANDFILL GASON THE PRODUCTION OF LANDFILL GAS

Adequate moisture content to support anaerob digestion

Inadequate moisture content to support anaerob digestion

year

m3/y

DESCRIPTION%

(dry volume basis)

CO2 eq

CO2 40-60 1

CH4 45-60 21

N 2-5 296

Sulfids, disulfids, etc. (S)

0-1,0 22 200

Trace constituents 0,01-0,6 500-25 000

COMPOSITION OF LANDFILL GAS AND ITS COMPOSITION OF LANDFILL GAS AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO GREENHOUSE EFFECTCONTRIBUTION TO GREENHOUSE EFFECT

∑CH4 emission = 6 954 615 tCO2 equvalent = 153 001 530 t

Emission t/y

Year

THEORETICAL CHTHEORETICAL CH44 EMISSION ORIGINATING EMISSION ORIGINATING

FROM MSW FROM 1990 TILL 2030FROM MSW FROM 1990 TILL 2030

Emission

Total emission

Annual emmission

DESCRIPTION Units

Generated Waste

(1990-2030)≈ 210 million t

Methane emission (CH4) ≈ 7 million t

Greenhouse gases CO2 eq. ≈ 150 million t

Total energy content of generated waste

≈ 1.200 million GJ

- energy content of emited CH4 ≈ 350 million GJ

- energy content of the landfilled

plastic

≈ 850 million GJ

WASTE OR ENERGY?WASTE OR ENERGY?

DESCRIPTION2008 Biogas

Energy content

Total CO2

eq

Million t Mill Nm3/a PJ/a Mill t/a

Non-hazardous waste from agriculture and food industry

3,0

300

6,9

2,9

Non-hazardous industrial waste

18,0

720

16,6

7,1

MSW 5,2

1 040

23,9 10,2

Waste water 4,6

37

0,8

0,4

Waste water sludge 1,5

113

2,6

1,1

Hazardous waste 4,1

205

4,7

2,0

Total 36,4

2 414

55,5 23,7

Amount & EnergyAmount & Energy Content of Bio-waste and Its Content of Bio-waste and Its Contribution to Greenhouse Gas Effect (Hungary)Contribution to Greenhouse Gas Effect (Hungary)

Estimated data Mea

sure

men

ts

For

ecas

t

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

[ oC ]

1000 1500 2000 Year

CHANGES IN GLOBAL AVERAGE CHANGES IN GLOBAL AVERAGE TEMPERATURETEMPERATURE

COMPARISION OF BIOFUELSCOMPARISION OF BIOFUELS

Name of biofuel Yield Biofuel (l/t) Quantity l/ha Diesel-oil eq. Km/ha

Rape-oil 3,4 435 1.480 1.420,8 20.300

Biodiesel 3,4 455 1.550 1.410,5 20.150

Bioetanol-crops 6,6 387 2.550 1.683,0 21.500

Bioethanol-sugar beet

40,0 108 4.320 2.851.2 35.640

Bioethanol-sugarcane

57,0 93 5.300 3.498,0 43.725

Biomass to liquid 15,0 269 4.030 3.909,1 55.850

Bio-methane 45,0 110 (Nm3/t)

4.950 (Nm3/ha)

3.712,5 46.406

The amount of biofuel produced on 1 ha of agricultural land is enough for driving around the Globe once…

HOWEVER!!!twice as much energy is needed for the production of the biofuel itself!

ENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY EFFICIENCYEnergy from Energy Crops

ENERGY CONTENT OF OUTPUT MATERIAL

TOTAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TECHNOLOGY

ENERGY REQUIREMENTSOF INPUT MATERIAL PRODUCTION

WASTE ENERGY

ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF

THE TECHNOLOGY

ENERGY CONTENT OF

OUTPUT MATERIAL

=∑Eo(1-n)

∑Ei(1-n)

< 1 [ ≈ 0,1-0,5]=

Ei1

Ei2

EW

Eo

ENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY EFFICIENCYEnergy from Waste

> 1 [ ≈ 3,0-5,0]

TECHNOLOGY

ENERGY REQUIREMENTSOF INPUT MATERIAL PRODUCTION

WASTE ENERGY

ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF

THE TECHNOLOGY

ENERGY CONTENT OF

OUTPUT MATERIALEi1

Ei2

EW

Eo

ENERGY CONTENT OF OUTPUT MATERIAL

=∑Eo(1-n)

∑Ei(1-n)=

TOTAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

12 000 t/év

Energy Source

Sun

Wood-waste

Wood-cut

Saw-dust

Grass,maizeclover

Rape-oilUsed oil

Solar energy

Solar energy

Biomass combustion

Pyrolysis

Biomass combustion

Thermicgassification

Esterification

Technology Energy

Fuel

Natural Gas

Electricity

Heating/CoolingPower Grid

Gas emginesGas

Steam turbineSteam

Gas engine

Combusting cell

Gas cleaning

Fischer-Tropsch

District heating

Bio-diesel

Gas

Biogass

Bio-Methan

Synthetic fuelGrainDigestion

Distillation

Glycerin

Oil-

cake

Bio-Ethanol

DDGS

Cellulose

Waste

GassificationMethanol synthesis

Synthetic-MethanolBiomass

We are looking for partners to develop- 2nd, 3rd generation - technologies for the utilization of: municipal solid waste,- wastewater, - animal manure,- agricultural byproducts,- forestry byproducts,- wastes from food industry

THANK YOU FOR

YOUR KIND

ATTENTION!

István Barta

managing director,

Bio-Genezis Environmental Ltd.www.bio-genezis.hu