Clean Combustion Technologies that Valorize CO2

Saudi Aramco: Company General Use

Clean Combustion Technologies that Valorize CO2


Diesel&Gasoline

A global shift from dirty to clean fuel

Biofuels

1990s1930s 2010s Future

ElectricVehicles

CleanFuels

1


Oilaccountsformajorityoftotal

transportfueldemandin2040

-BPEnergyOutlook

GlobalpopulaFongrowthisexpectedtogrowfrom7.2Bto8.5B

by2030.

-UnitedNaFons

GlobaltransportaFonrelatedenergydemandisexpectedtoincrease

by2040.

-ExxonMobil

85% 15% 30% 130%

TheworldeconomyGDPwilldoubleinsizeby2050withChina

dominaFngthemarket.

-PwC

Accelerated demand for fuel

2


New i n t e r n a l c ombu sFon e n g i n e p r om i s i n g f u e l effic i e n c y g a i n s b y 2 0 1 9 .

“Sky-Ac(vXpromises20to30%moreengineefficiency.”

8


Ac c e l e r a Fn g t h e d e v e l o pmen t o f s u s t a i n a b l e A nd c o s t - eff e cF v e t r a n s po r t t e c h no l o g i e s .

“ImprovingtheICEswillyieldthegreatestbenefits.”

-AhmadAl-Khowaiter,ChiefTechnologyOfficer,SaudiAramco

9


Thebestcompanieswanttobeinnova<ve,butcannotdo

italone.

11


It is<meforcollabora<ontoachievecommongoals.

Conven<onalmodel Consor<ummodel

Tools&SoYware

CleansFuelsConsor<um

Fuels

ChemicalKine(cs

Surrogates

Sprays

Experiments

InformaFonMethodologies

Datavalidatedtools

Shared

12


“Fossil fuels will have to underwrite a transition to other sources of energy”

-Prof.TadPatzek,KAUST

9


Our missing is to create zero carbon combustion technology. We have identified paths forward to carbon neutral combustion. The Kingdom has long term interest in seeing this become a reality.

10

Clean Combustion = Zero CO2

KAUST

MIT

U Waterloo

U Stuttgart

U Sheffield

SJTU

UC Berkeley


Identify Fuels and Feedstocks

Molecular Characterization

Physics-Based Simulations

Fundamental Experiments

Computer-Aided Engineering

The CCRC Model

Science-based methods to lower CO2

11

Saudi Aramco: Company General Use 12

This is how we translate basic research to real world impact

BaselineCuriositydriven

CenterOutcomedriven

IndustrialFundingApplied

ResearchPartnersCollaboraFvePartnersStart-ups

KAUSTInnovaFon

Pu^ngResearchto

Use

Impact&OutcomesReturnonInvestment

(R&d) (r&D)


CCRC works with industrial partners

•  Saudi Electricity Company –  Utilization of low sulfur/high asphaltene HFO/VRO emulsion –  Effects of emulsified fuels on gas turbine performance

•  Saudi Aramco R&DC –  Improving combustion of clean fuels, advanced engine research, –  Emissions sensing, hydrogen carriers, and lubricants development

•  The Boeing Company –  Plasma ignition –  Flame arrestors

•  General Electric –  Crude oil combustion, gas turbine combustion research

•  Volvo Trucks –  8-stroke engine for 60% fuel efficiency

•  Volvo Cars –  Engine donor for the new engine labs

•  McLaren Racing –  Formula 1 fuel/engine design

•  Farabi –  Additives, inhibitors, catalysts

•  Doosan –  High pressure corrosion of gas turbine blades

13


Internal combustion engines are not dead

14

Context: Improving internal combustion engine technology is the best way to meet environmental and economic sustainability targets

Background: KAUST has demonstrated success in fuel/engine technology deployment.

Strategy: In 2019, an even more ambitious 3.5 year program will being to develop very high efficiency engine technologies.

16

Saudi Aramco Confidential

• Higher efficiency compared to gasoline engines

• Lower cost compared to diesel engines

• Makes use of low octane gasoline

• Helps improve Well-to-Wheels emissions (lower C/H)

• Fuel used is lower in Aromatics

Gasoline Engine

Diesel Engine

GCI Concept Engine

Low Octane Gasoline

Gasoline Compression Ignition (GCI) technology

Efficiency

Pow

ertr

ain

Cost


Program Successes •  200+ academic

publications •  Most highly cited and open

source kinetic model •  Knowledge and IP sharing •  Website with 1000+ hits/

week 15

Collaboration with Saudi Aramco for high efficiency

EngineTechnology

Fuel

Market

Gasoline/Diesel Advanced

Future

GRI-Mech

SanDiegoMech USC

Mech IILeedsMech

AramcoMech

0

50

100

150

200

250

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Numbero

fCita

tions/yr

Year

GRIMechAramcoMechUSCMechIISanDiegoMechLeedsMech

cloudflame.kaust.edu.sa


We can simulate combustion at realistic conditions

p=1atm Re=16700

p=2atm Re=33400

p=5atm Re=83500

•  Three-dimensional large eddy simulations of turbulent syngas/air flames using a flamelet approach

•  The study investigates the effect of pressure on turbulent nonpremixed flames. The findings will guide the experiments to be conducted in high pressure combustion test facility at CCRC.

Simulation for instantaneous temperature field

OH profiles from experiment (left) and simulation (right) 16


We can run engines on supercomputer

17

In- and near-nozzle flow simulation

700

2000

975

1300

1625

Temperature (K)

700

2000

975

1300

1625

Temperature (K)

700

2500

1350

1800

2225

Temperature (K)

900

HCCISOI: -180 CAD aTDC

HCCISOI: -100 CAD aTDC

PPCSOI: -40 CAD aTDC

X15 X10 X2

Levelofstra<fica<on

Engine simulation

Spray simulation and experiment

Simulation of pre-ignition/super-knock

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10

Max

imum

Pre

ssur

e [b

ar]

CAD

2500K2000K

Saudi Aramco’s FUELCOM project aims to develop high fidelity modeling capabilities for high efficiency engines with future fuels. •  Eulerian simulation of liquid spray inside

the nozzle to provide accurate boundary conditions for spray dynamics

•  Lagrangian spray models to predict accurate spray break-up and evaporation

•  Full cycle engine simulations with high-fidelity combustion submodels to represent mixed-mode combustion.

Simulation

Experiment

Large eddy simulation Experiment 17


Advanced internal combustion engine technologies exist

1818

CISI

HCCI

PPC

RCCI

DualFuelPre-

chamberSI

SACI

Spark Ignition Compression

Ignition

Homogenous Charge CI

Reactivity Controlled CI

Spark Assisted CI Partially Premixed Combustion


Super high efficiency engines 8-stroke

= Dual Compression Expansion Engine, DCEE

Compression 1 Compression 2 Expansion 1

Expansion 2

Multiple patents together with Volvo

Demo engine to be built at KAUST

Potential of 60% fuel efficiency!


Valorizing CO2 with combustion science Goals: •  60% thermal efficiency Heavy Duty

high pressure engine running on market diesel

•  50% thermal efficiency Heavy Duty prechamber engine running on market gasoline, very low emissions

•  Novel fuel and additive formulations for high efficiency and low emission engines

15 PhD Students

Engine Experiments

Optical Diagnostics

CFD Simulations

Fundamental Combustion Experiments

Combustion Chemistry Modeling


•  The Allam cycle is a thermodynamic cycle for gas turbines with the potential for electricity production with no CO2 emissions and high efficiency

•  No smokestack, no NOx, CO2 capture ready •  Captured CO2 can be used for EOR or as feedstock in the chemical industry

•  Combustion at extreme conditions –  Operating pressure at 300 bar to achieve high-efficiency –  Oxy-fuel combustion in supercritical CO2 (95% in volume) –  Tinlet ~ 1000 K, Toutlet ~ 1400

Moving to carbon-neutral power generation

NETPOWER

21


•  The CCRC helps Saudi Arabia in the transition from fossil-fuel to carbon-neutral hydrogen exporter

–  Mitigate the impacts of global de-carbonization policies on Saudi economy

•  Excess electricity from variable renewable energy (solar and wind) stored as chemical energy

•  Hydrogen as carbon-free fuel for transportation or electricity production is impractical because of its low volumetric energy density

22

Burning renewable fuels and hydrogen carriers

Ammonia

•  Carbon-free H2 carriers: ammonia –  Large existing distribution network –  Complete combustion of ammonia

produces only N2 and H2O –  Industrial interest as green fuel for gas

turbines

•  Carbon-neutral e-fuels –  Sustainable solution for the

transportation sector –  Target carriers at KAUST: methanol,

formic acid, cyclohexane


Combustion and synthesis of hydrogen carriers

𝑇↓0 =358 𝐾, 𝑃↓0 =0.5 𝑀𝑃𝑎,𝑃↓0 =0.5 𝑀𝑃𝑎𝑢↑′ =2.0 m/s

Combustion of hydrogen carriers •  Fundamental reactivity measurements •  Shock tube studies of ignition delay •  Laminar and turbulent flame-speed

measurements at high pressure •  Stability, emissions, and flame

characterization of swirl-stabilized ammonia-air flames

•  Experimental and numerical investigation of e-fuels in IC-engines

Plasma aided synthesis of hydrogen carriers •  Extended fuel reforming study •  Comprehensive development of C1-

related plasma chemistry •  Potential industrial partner: Aramco,

Shell, (DOE)


KAUST carbon management initiative

Carbon Management

CCRC Pre- and

post- combustion

capture

AMPM CO2

separation O2 separation

ANPERC Sequestration

and enhanced oil

recovery

Earth Science

Regional CO2 and climate modeling

KCC CO2 to fuels

and chemicals

Major Deliverables: •  Innovative solutions for carbon

management leading to IP generation, technology transfer, and startups

•  Global branding of KAUST and Saudi Arabia as a leader in carbon management research

•  High visibility workshops to attract young talent into carbon management sciences

•  Engagement with in-Kingdom partners – KAPSARC, KFUPM, KACST, Saudi Aramco, SABIC, SEC.


Thankyou شكرا

SustainableEnergyandFuels(2,10,Oct2018)XavierPita,Scien(ficIllustrator,KAUST

Clean Combustion Technologies that Valorize CO2

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