Classification NotesClassification Notes

7th grade

Hlinka Science

What is classification??What is classification??

Grouping according to similar characteristics

All Living Things are Classified !!

Ex. Different places in the kitchen for plates, Ex. Different places in the kitchen for plates, cups, silverware, etc…cups, silverware, etc…

Movies, music, people… EverythingMovies, music, people… Everything Everyone uses classification all the time, not Everyone uses classification all the time, not

just biologists. just biologists.

How do you use classification?

The science of classifying organismsThe science of classifying organisms

Who is the founder of the classification Who is the founder of the classification system we use today?system we use today?

Taxonomy

The scientist who The scientist who invented our system of invented our system of taxonomy we use today.taxonomy we use today.

It is called a It is called a hierarchical hierarchical classification.classification.

He used He used LatinLatin to to describe species, which describe species, which is what we still use is what we still use today (that is why we today (that is why we italicize scientific italicize scientific names!)names!)

Carlos Linnaeus

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Linnaeus vs. TodayLinnaeus vs. Today

Linnaeus grouped plants based on reproductive Linnaeus grouped plants based on reproductive characteristics characteristics

Now we group plants based on phylogenyNow we group plants based on phylogeny Phylogeny=Evolutionary history, or how the plants Phylogeny=Evolutionary history, or how the plants

are related by genetic analysisare related by genetic analysis We use genetics to figure out how plants are related. We use genetics to figure out how plants are related. In Linnaeus’s day, scientists did not know what In Linnaeus’s day, scientists did not know what

evolution was or what DNA and genetics was. evolution was or what DNA and genetics was. This is how science works! This is how science works!

COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION !! !!

Why do we need classification?

Scientists can not communicate if they can not understand one another.

Gato - Spanish

Chat - French

Katze - German

Cat - English

Hierarchical ClassificationHierarchical Classification

It starts very broad and gets more specificIt starts very broad and gets more specific 7 hierarchies in our system:7 hierarchies in our system:

KingdomKingdom Very broadVery broad Phylum (Division)Phylum (Division) ClassClass Order Order FamilyFamily GenusGenus SpeciesSpecies Very specificVery specific

REMEMBER!!!

Kings Prefer Coke Over Flavored Grape soda

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus species

The 6 KingdomsThe 6 Kingdoms

Kingdoms are the largest division-all organisms are Kingdoms are the largest division-all organisms are in one of the 6 kingdomsin one of the 6 kingdoms

Animals Plants Fungi Protists Eubacteria Archaebacteria

Six Kingdom ModelArchebacteri

a

Eubacteria

Archaebacteria: most live in extreme

conditions - very hot, acidic/basic, sulfurous, etc.

Eubacteria: True Bacteria

Protists

Amoeba Paramecium Giardia

Water Mold Slime Mold

Euglena DinoflagellatesDiatomBrown AlgaeGreen Algae

Fungi

Plant

Bryophyte (Moss)

Pteridophyte(Fern)

Pteridophyte(Fern)

Coniferophytes (Pine Trees) Angiosperm;

DicotAngiosperm;

Monocot

KINGDOM: ANIMALIA

KINGDOM: ANIMALIA

Let’s classify. . . Let’s classify. . . Here is the classification for a Here is the classification for a

LionLion Kingdom: Animalia (animal Kingdom: Animalia (animal

kingdom)kingdom) Phylum: Chordata Phylum: Chordata

(Vertebrates)(Vertebrates) Class: Mammalia (mammals)Class: Mammalia (mammals) Order: Carnivora (carnivores)Order: Carnivora (carnivores) Family: Felidae (cats)Family: Felidae (cats) Genus: Genus: PantheraPanthera Species: Species: Panthera leoPanthera leo

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Remember !! Remember !! Here is the classification for a Here is the classification for a

LionLion Kingdom: Animalia (animal Kingdom: Animalia (animal

kingdom)kingdom) Phylum: Chordata (Vertebrates)Phylum: Chordata (Vertebrates) Class: Mammalia (mammals)Class: Mammalia (mammals) Order: Carnivora (carnivores)Order: Carnivora (carnivores) Family: Felidae (cats)Family: Felidae (cats) Genus: Genus: PantheraPanthera Species: Species: Panthera leoPanthera leo

ALL LEVELS ARE CAPITOLIZED EXCEPT THE species name

Only Genus and species are italicized

Animals can belong to same Genus, but not species

Dog - Canis familiaris Wolf - Canis lupis Coyote - Canis latians

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Dichotomous keysDichotomous keys

What is a dichotomous key?What is a dichotomous key? A step-by-step guide to identify an organismA step-by-step guide to identify an organism

Each step gives a choice of two descriptions. Each step gives a choice of two descriptions. The descriptions have to be oppositesThe descriptions have to be opposites

Ex. Leaves round vs. leaves not roundEx. Leaves round vs. leaves not round

http://www.glencoe.com/sec/science/activities/bdol/dragdrop/BDOL17.html?iRef=17&iChapter=17&book=bio2000

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/nature/classifying-life.html

http://www.oplin.org/tree/index.html

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