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Transcript of Christossy lalika dissertation presentation
ARDHI UNIVERSITY
“ STUDY ON COMPARISON OF PERFOMANCE OF MSASANI AND VINGUNGUTI WSPs WITH REFERENCE TO
REHABILITATION OVER TIME”.
CASE STUDY: Msasani and Vingunguti Waste Stabilization Ponds
NAME; LALIKA, CHRISTOSSY
REG # 2691/ T. 2010
SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (SEST)
DEPARTMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
SUPERVISORS;
Dr. S. Mgana
Mr. F. Ligate
ARDHI UNIVERSITY
“ STUDY ON COMPARISON OF PERFOMANCE OF MSASANI AND VINGUNGUTI WSPs WITH REFERENCE TO
REHABILITATION OVER TIME”.
CASE STUDY: Msasani and Vingunguti Waste Stabilization Ponds
my email; [email protected]
Phone No; +255654797526
INTRODUCTION
Background
To meet the goals and main purpose of conserving andhealth there is a need of practicing wastewater treatmentrivers, and lakes or sometimes to bare land.
Waste stabilization pond (WSPs) are large, shallow basinprocess involving both algae and bacteria.
They are used for sewage treatment in temperature andeffective, reliable and easily operated methods for treatingeffective, reliable and easily operated methods for treating
protecting environment together with improving publictreatment before disposing it to water bodies such as ocean,
basin in which raw sewage is treated entirely by natural
and tropical climates, and represent one of the most costtreating domestic and industrial wastewatertreating domestic and industrial wastewater
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Many municipal waste stabilization ponds Many municipal waste stabilization pondsdischarge the effluent to the environmentalDAWASA many WSPs found in Dar es Salaamwith high amount of BOD, COD, TS, TDS,which do not meet the required Tanzaniarehabilitation of WSPs was completed inwas expected to give the effluent whichenvironmental standards. No study recentlyenvironmental standards. No study recentlyunderstand their discharged effluent qualityPond on its flow pattern under the localTherefore this study needs to study ifVingunguti Waste stabilization Pond meetthe recommended effluent standard for protection
ponds (WSPs) found in Dar es Salaamponds (WSPs) found in Dar es Salaamenvironmental after treatment. According to
Salaam was discharging the effluentTDS, nutrients and Feacal coliform
Tanzania standard. Current, the recentin 2008. Hence this rehabilitation it
which do not meet the required Tanzaniarecently has been conducted locally torecently has been conducted locally to
quality of Msasani and Vingungutilocal conditions after rehabilitation.if the rehabilitation of Msasani andmeet the treatment of wastewater to
protection of environment.
STUDY OBJECTIVES
Main Objective
Study on comparison of performance of msasani and Vingunguti WSPs with reference to rehabilitation over time.
Specific Objectives
wastewater characterization of influent and effluent.
identification of wastewater sources.
determination of present variables after treatment with respect to standards
Study on comparison of performance of msasani and Vingunguti WSPs with reference to
wastewater characterization of influent and effluent.
determination of present variables after treatment with respect to standards
CASE STUDY Introduction
waste stabilization ponds in Dar es salaam have been in operation since 1962. these ponds waste stabilization ponds in Dar es salaam have been in operation since 1962. these ponds have been used to treat sewage and the mostly of domestic origin.
Location
waste stabilization ponds in Dar es salaam are located in different areas. the case study are comprises of two different waste stabilization ponds located in different areas or municipal within Dar es salaam city. msasani waste stabilization ponds are located at msasani area in Kinondoni municipal while Vingunguti waste stabilization pond are located at Vingunguti Kinondoni municipal while Vingunguti waste stabilization pond are located at Vingunguti area in ilala municipal.
Climatic condition
Both msasani and Vingunguti experience the same climatic condition to that of salaam which experience tropical climatic conditions, with mean monthly temperature ranges from 230c to 330c
ar es salaam have been in operation since 1962. these ponds ar es salaam have been in operation since 1962. these ponds have been used to treat sewage and the mostly of domestic origin.
ar es salaam are located in different areas. the case study are comprises of two different waste stabilization ponds located in different areas or municipal
ar es salaam city. msasani waste stabilization ponds are located at msasani area in Kinondoni municipal while Vingunguti waste stabilization pond are located at Vingunguti Kinondoni municipal while Vingunguti waste stabilization pond are located at Vingunguti
oth msasani and Vingunguti experience the same climatic condition to that of Dar es salaam which experience tropical climatic conditions, with mean monthly temperature
CASE STUDY CONT…
Wastewater sources
msasani waste stabilization ponds receive wastewaterkijitonyama and regent estate and from industrieskijitonyama and regent estate and from industries
Vingunguti waste stabilization ponds is treatingthe ponds serve the industries along Nyereredomestic wastewater or sewage from pit latrineat dumping stations to anaerobic sludge ponds
Wastewater treatment and discharge
msasani waste stabilization ponds consist of fourpond and three maturation ponds in series. therewastewater and then discharge to facultative pond
Vingunguti waste stabilization ponds consist ofpond and three maturation pond in series. thereanaerobic pond receives domestic wastewaterand after treatment discharges the effluent discharge
wastewater from residential areas of Mikocheni,industries found in Mikocheni.industries found in Mikocheni.
treating the wastewater from domestic and industries.Nyerere road and Tazara housing estate and station.latrine and septic tanks is brought to ponds and emptied
discharge
four ponds in series starting with one facultativethere are also two anaerobic ponds that receive
pond
of four ponds in series starting with one facultativethere are two anaerobic pond in parallel but only one
wastewater from cesspit emptier through dumping stationdischarge to the facultative ponds
CASE STUDY CONT…
Msasani waste stabilization ponds layout plan Vingunguti waste stabilization ponds layout plan
MATERIALS AND METHODS WASTEWATER CHARACTERIZATION
Data Collection Data Collection
Wastewater characterization was made from different points of WSPs. it was targeted on influent and effluent from each pond
Wastewater Sampling
the sample were collected in plastic bottle (500ml) after being cleaned by washing with nonionic detergent and rinsed in tap water. before sampling, the bottle were rinsed three times with sample water before being filled with the samplewith sample water before being filled with the sample
Sampling method (Techniques)
Grab sampling technique was used through the study. this is because of inadequate equipment to accommodate samples from the established sampling points and limitation of collection and transportation of samples
MATERIALS AND METHODSCHARACTERIZATION
astewater characterization was made from different points of WSPs. it was targeted on
the sample were collected in plastic bottle (500ml) after being cleaned by washing with non-ionic detergent and rinsed in tap water. before sampling, the bottle were rinsed three times with sample water before being filled with the samplewith sample water before being filled with the sample
Grab sampling technique was used through the study. this is because of inadequate equipment to accommodate samples from the established sampling points and limitation of
LOCATION OF THE SAMPLING
The location of sampling point for wastewater atThe location of sampling point for wastewater atmsasani waste stabilization ponds have beenestablished at the inlet and outlet of each anaerobic,facultative and maturation ponds
SAMPLING POINT
sampling point at Vingunguti waste sampling point at Vingunguti waste stabilization ponds
CONT.. LOCATION OF THE SAMPLING
influent channels into anaerobic pond at Msasani WSPs
SAMPLING POINT
effluent channels into facultative pond at Vingunguti WSPs
WASTEWATER ANALYSIS
MATERIAL AND METHOD
pH and Temperature –pH meter
Total and Faecal ColiformsMembrane filtrationmeter
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)-electrometric method
Total Solids (TS)-Gravimetricmethods
Total Suspended Solids (TSS)-Gravimetric method
Membrane filtration
COD
BOD
(TSS)-Gravimetric method
Ammonia Nitrogen (NH3-N)-Nesslerization method
Total and Faecal Coliforms-Membrane filtrationMembrane filtration
COD- Closed Reflux method
BOD5 – BOD truck machine
LABORATORY RESULTS AND DISCUSIONpH Variation in Msasani Waste Stabilization Ponds
8.7
8.8
8.9
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
pH
pH
SAMPLING POINTS
pH variation in 2014
7.35
7.4
7.45
7.1
7.15
7.2
7.25
7.3
pH pH
SAMPLING POINTS
pH variation in 2005
pH variation at Msasani WSPs (Source, Wittike, 2005)
COD AND BOD5 VARIATION
700
800
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
CO
NC
-mg/
L
COD
BOD5
0
100
A1E A2I A2E FI FE M1I M1E M2I M2E M3I M3E
SAMPLING POINTS
BOD5 and COD Variation
2000
2500
COD
BOD5
0
500
1000
1500
CO
NC
-mg/
L
BOD5 mg/LCOD mg/L
SAMPLING POINTS
BOD5 and COD variation
COD and BOD5 variation at Msasani WSPs (source; Lusingu, 1994)
COD AND BOD5 VARIATION C
700
800
900
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
( Inlet) ( Outlet)
CO
NC
-mg/
L
Anaerobic Pond Anaerobic pond Facultative pond (Inlet)
Facultative Pond
SAMPLING POINTS
COD and BOD5 variation before rehabilitation
BOD5 and COD variation at Msasani WSPs (source; Kumbuka, 2002)
CONT…
(outlet)
COD (mg/L)
BOD5 (mg/L)
Facultative Pond Maturation pond (inlet)
Maturation pond (outlet)
SAMPLING POINTS
variation before rehabilitation
and COD variation at Msasani WSPs (source; Kumbuka, 2002)
COD AND BOD5 VARIATION C
The performance removal of BODrehabilitation in 2014 is 24.21%, while
Performance removal of BOD5 for final Performance removal of BOD5 for finalin years 1994 and 2005 are 57.60% and
After rehabilitation, average COD72mg/L respectively
Performance decrease for removal of BODincrease of sludge level in the ponds
CONT…
BOD5 for final effluent afterwhile COD is 21.59%
final effluent before rehabilitationfinal effluent before rehabilitationand 14.4% respectively.
and BOD5 are 333.33mg/L and
BOD5 and COD because it might be due to
NUTRIENT (NH3-N) VARIATION AND
40
45
50
10
15
20
25
30
35
CO
NC
-(m
g/L
)
NH3-N
0
5
A1I A1E A2I A2E FI FE M1I M1E M2I M2E M3I M3E
SAMPLING POINTS
Nutrient (NH3-N) Variation
AND REMOVAL
70
80
90
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
CO
NC
-mg
/L
NH3-N (mg/L)
0
SAMPLING POINTS
Nutrient(NH3-N) Variation
variation of Nutrient (NH3-N) for Msasani WSPs (Source; Kumbuka, 2002)
NUTRIENT (NH3-N) VARIATION AND
The high value of NH3-N in anaerobic ponds
the industries that tend to dispose wastewater
amount of nutrient.
Removal of NH3-N in final effluent is
rehabilitation
By comparing the average effluent of Msasani
the average of 104.3mg/L, year 2002 whichthe average of 104.3mg/L, year 2002 which
gives 17.27mg/l, there is an improvement
Nutrient even though the effluent do not
6mg/L to 10mg/L
REMOVAL CONT…
ponds in all figures above probably due to
wastewater into municipal sewer with high
is 17.15% in 2014 and 9.5% before
Msasani WSPs in year 1987 which gives
which is 56.63mg/L and year 2014 whichwhich is 56.63mg/L and year 2014 which
improvement of the WSPs on the removing of
meet Tanzania temporally standards of
PATHOGENS VARIATION AND REMOVAL
100
120
Co
un
t/1
00
ml
(x10
6)
0
20
40
60
80
Co
un
t/1
00
ml
(x10
6)
FC
TC
0
A1I A1E A2I A2E FI FE M1I M1E M2I M2E M3I M3E
SAMPLING POINTS
Pathogen variation
REMOVAL IN MSASANI WSPS
80000000
90000000
10000000
0
10000000
20000000
30000000
40000000
50000000
60000000
70000000
80000000
CO
UN
T/1
00
ML
FC/100ml
( Inlet) (outlet)
Anaerobic Pond
Facultative pond (Inlet)
Facultative Pond
Maturation pond (inlet)
Maturation pond (outlet)
sampling points
Pathogen variationTSS variation at Msasani WSPs (source; Lusingu, 1994)
PATHOGENS VARIATION AND REMOVAL
CONT…
The removal of final FC and TC from Maturation pond 24.32% and 21.59% after rehabilitation.21.59% after rehabilitation.
Average removal of FC and TC are 6.543x1031.89% respectively as shown from figure one, while FC is 6x10count/100ml in figure two
REMOVAL IN MSASANI WSPS
The removal of final FC and TC from Maturation pond 24.32% and
Average removal of FC and TC are 6.543x106 count/100ml and 31.89% respectively as shown from figure one, while FC is 6x106
TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLID VARIATION AND REMOVAL
1000
1200
200
400
600
800
1000
CO
NC
-m
g T
SS
/L
TSS
0
A1I A1E A2I A2E FI FE M1I M1E M2I M2E M3I M3E
SAMPLING POINTS
Total Suspended Solid variation
REMOVAL AT MSASANI WSPS
1.2
1.4
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
CO
NC
-mg
TS
S/L
TSS mg/L
SAMPLING POINTS
Total Suspended Solid variation
TSS variation at Msasani waste stabilization ponds(source; Lusingu, 1994)
TSS VARIATION AND REMOVAL AT
removal of TSS from first influent anaerobicby 8.29% as shown in figure above, this 8.29down the stream
From figure two above show that the concentrationpond is 1.212mg/L and that leaving the pondenter is 1021mg/L for anaerobic pond one andFinal TSS effluent is 281.67mg/l
TSS in 2014 is high compared to previous year
•Rainfall
•Presence of ways on embankment•Presence of ways on embankment
•Poor security guard around the pond
MSASANI WSPS
anaerobic pond by 19.7% to final maturation pond29% is the amount that removed and enters
concentration of solid that enters within thepond is 0.36mg/l while from figure one TSS that
and 655.67mg/l for second anaerobic ponds.
year because;
CONTINUTION OF RESULTS DISCUSION…
RESULTS DISCUSION FOR VINGUNGUTI WSPs
pH variation
In Vingunguti Waste stabilization ponds
CONTINUTION OF RESULTS DISCUSION…
RESULTS DISCUSION FOR VINGUNGUTI WSPs
In Vingunguti Waste stabilization ponds
PH VARIATION CONT…
8.4
8.6
7.2
7.4
7.6
7.8
8
8.2
pH
pH
7
A1I A1E FI IE FE M1I M1E M2I M2E M3I M3E
SAMPLING POINTS
pH variation
7.2
7.21
7.22
7.14
7.15
7.16
7.17
7.18
7.19
pH
pH
7.13
Cesspit emptier discharge to sludge pond
Influent pipe for raw
wastewater
Effluent from facultative pond
Effluent from maturation
pond
SAMPLING POINTS
pH variationpH variation and removal at Vingunguti WSPs (source; Wittike, 2005)
COD AND BOD5 VARIATION FOR
5000
6000
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
CO
NC
-m
g/L
COD
BOD5
0
1000
A1I A1E FI IE FE M1I M1E M2I M2E M3I M3E
SAMPLING POINTS
COD and BOD5 Variation
FOR VINGUNGUTI WSPs
1000
1200
0
200
400
600
800
Cesspit emptier Influent pipe for Effluent from Effluent from
CO
NC
-mg
/L
BOD5
COD
Cesspit emptier discharge to sludge pond
Influent pipe for raw wastewater
Effluent from facultative pond
Effluent from maturation pond
SAMPLING POINTS
COD and BOD5 variation
COD and BOD5 variation and removal at Vingunguti waste stabilization pond
(source; Wittike, 2005)
COD AND BOD5 VARIATION CONT
COD and BOD5 removal for final effluent are 20.22% and 8.25% respectivelyrespectively
COD concentration in the wastewater is high in the domestic sewage (from truck) comparing to other sampling points because the cesspit emptier carry sludge emptied from pit latrines and septic tank system
CONT…
removal for final effluent are 20.22% and 8.25%
COD concentration in the wastewater is high in the domestic sewage (from truck) comparing to other sampling points because the cesspit emptier carry sludge emptied from pit latrines and septic tank system
NUTRIENT (NH3-N) VARIATION AND
500
600
0
100
200
300
400
CO
NC
-(m
g/L
)
NH3-N
0
A1I A1E FI IE FE M1I M1E M2I M2E M3I M3E
SMAPLING POINTS
Nutrient (NH3-N) variation
AND REMOVAL IN VINGUNGUTI WSPs
350
400
450
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Cesspit emptier Influent pipe for Effluent from Effluent from
CO
NC
-mg/
L
NH3-N
Cesspit emptier discharge to sludge pond
Influent pipe for raw wastewater
Effluent from facultative pond
Effluent from maturation pond
SAMPLING POINTS
Nutrient (NH3-N) variation
Nutrient (NH3-N) Variation at Vingunguti WSPs (source; Wittike, 2005)
CONT…
Vingunguti waste stabilization ponds39.29% NH3-N for anaerobic pond,18.55% for the final maturation pond18.55% for the final maturation pond
average removal of 53.2mg/l of NH3-and the final average effluent removal2005.
ponds it give the average removal ofpond, 42.91% for facultative pond and
-N at final effluent for the year 2014removal of 41.83mg/L NH3-N for the year
PATHOGENS VARIATION AND REMOVAL
STABILIZATION PONDS
1600
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
CO
UN
T/1
00m
L(
X10
^6 )
FC
TC
0
A1I A1E FI IE FE M1I M1E M2I M2E M3I M3E
SAMPLING POINTS
Pathogen Variation after rehabilitation
REMOVAL IN VINGUNGUTI WASTE
90
100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Cou
nt/
100m
l(x1
0^6)
Total coliforms
Faecal coliforms
0
Cesspit emptier discharge to sludge pond
Influent pipe for raw wastewater
Effluent from facultative pond
Effluent from maturation pond
SAMPLING POINTS
Pathogen variation
Variation of FC and TC at Vingunguti WSPs beforerehabilitation (Source; Wittike, 2005)
TOTAL SOLIDS VARIATION AND REMOVAL
STABILIZATION PONDS
16000
18000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
CO
NC
-mg
TS
/L
TS
0
2000
A1I A1E FI IE FE M1I M1E M2I M2E M3I M3E
SAMPLING POINTS
Total Solids variation
REMOVAL AT VINGUNGUTI WASTE
6000
7000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
CO
NC
-mg
TS
/l
TS
0
Cesspit emptier discharge to sludge
pond
Influent pipe for raw wastewater
Effluent from facultative pond
Effluent from maturation pond
SAMPLING POINTS
Total solids VariationTS at Vingunguti WSPs (source; Wittike, 2005)
CONT…
effluent for the year 2014 which gave the averageworse compared for the effluent of year 2005total solid of 3406mg/L as shown in the figures
average of total solids of 5063.33mg/l are more2005 which provided the effluent with average of
figures above
EFFLUENTS DISCHARGE INTO SURFACE
MSASANI AND VINGUNGUTI WSPS
Effluent discharge to water surface from Msasani WSPs
Effluent discharge to water surface from Vingunguti WSPs
PARAMETERS UNITS Effluent Quality Tanzania Bureau
Standards (TBS)
pH - 8.6 6.5-8.5
Temperature OC 25.7 20-35
TDS mg/L 311 300
TSS mg/L 281.67 100
NH3-N mg/l 17.2 6-10
PARAMETERS
pH
Temperature
TDS
TSS
NH3
COD mg/L 333.3 60
BOD5 mg/L 72 30
FC Count/100ml 6.543 x106 1 x 103
TC Count/100ml 31.89 x 106 10 x 103
TS mg/L 692.67
COD
BOD
FC
TC
TS
SURFACE WATER FROM
S
Effluent discharge to water surface from Vingunguti WSPs
PARAMETERS UNITS Effluent Quality Tanzania Bureau
Standards (TBS)
- 8.19 6.5-8.5
Temperature OC 24.9 20-35
TDS mg/L 3251 300
TSS mg/L 1811 100
3-N mg/l 53.2 6-10
COD mg/L 1975 60
BOD5 mg/L 89 30
Count/100ml 707.3 x103 1 x 103
Count/100ml 5.398 x 106 10 x 103
mg/L 5063.33
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
CONCUSION
Performance of the pond in removing the organic parameter like BOD
water surface contains high amounts of contaminants that exceedwater surface contains high amounts of contaminants that exceed
average BOD5 effluent for Msasani WSPs is 72mg/L while for
high compared to Tanzania temporally standard which is 30mg/L
Maintenance of the ponds is not carried out regularly that results
inlet and outlet of the ponds hence leads to less performance of WSPs
Temperature effluents from maturation pond for Msasani WSPs
Msasani WSPs is 8.63 which is high above the range of 6.5-8.5 while
be within the range which is 6.5-8.5
Total and faecal coliforms bacteria in all effluent do not meet the
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
BOD5 and COD are still poor because the effluent that discharge into
exceed the recommended Tanzania temporally standard. For example theexceed the recommended Tanzania temporally standard. For example the
Vingunguti WSPs the average BOD5 effluent is 89mg/L which are
results to accumulation of grits, solid and floating scum in the surface and
WSPs
WSPs were in required range which is 20-30 0C. But pH effluent for
while for Vingunguti WSPs the effluent pH is 8.19 which is found to
standard
CONT… RECOMMENDATION
Sewerage authority should desludgingvolume/depth that will increase the detentionvolume/depth that will increase the detentionwhich will increase ponds performance
At dumping station screen should bematerials from entering the ponds system
The advanced or tertiary treatment e.gthe wastewater effluent from Msasanithe wastewater effluent from Msasani
Wastewater from industrial shouldwaste stabilization ponds
Provision of security around the pondthrow solid material and even to defecate
desludging the pond soon as to increase ponddetention time of wastewater in pondsdetention time of wastewater in ponds
performance
be installed to remove the suspendedsystem
g. wetland should be designed to polishMsasani and Vingunguti WSPsMsasani and Vingunguti WSPs
be pre-treated before discharging to
pond which it can help to hinder people todefecate within the pond.