Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels...
Transcript of Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels...
![Page 1: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 11 Cell Communication
![Page 2: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Question?
• How do cells communicate?
• By “cellular” phones.
• But seriously, cells do need to
communicate for many reasons.
![Page 3: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Why do cells communicate?
• Regulation - cells need to control
cellular processes.
• Environmental Stimuli - cells need
to be able to respond to signals
from their environment.
![Page 4: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Cell Communication
![Page 5: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Cell Signaling (C.S.)
• Is a relatively “new” topic in
Biology and AP Biology.
• Appears to answer many
questions in medicine.
• Is a topic you’ll be hearing more
about in your future.
![Page 6: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Stages of C.S.
1. Reception - receiving the signal.
2. Transduction - passing on the
signal.
3. Response - cellular changes
because of the signal.
![Page 7: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Reception
![Page 8: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Transduction
![Page 9: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Response
![Page 10: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Reception
• The target cell’s detection of a
signal coming from outside the
cell.
• May occur by: – Direct Contact
– Through signal molecules
![Page 11: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Direct Contact
• When molecules can flow directly
from cell to cell without crossing
membranes.
• Plants - plasmodesmata
• Animals - gap junctions
![Page 12: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Direct Contact
• May also occur by cell surface
molecules that project from the
surface and “touch” another cell.
![Page 14: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Signal Molecules
• The actual chemical signal that travels from cell to cell.
• Often water soluble.
• Usually too large to travel through membranes.
• Double reason why they can’t cross cell membranes.
![Page 16: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Signal Molecules
• Behave as “ligands”: a smaller
molecule that binds to a larger
one.
![Page 17: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Receptor Molecules
• Usually made of protein.
• Change shape when bind to a
signal molecule.
• Transmits information from the
exterior to the interior of a cell.
![Page 18: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Receptor Mechanisms
1. G-Protein linked
2. Tyrosine-Kinase
3. Ion channels
4. Intracellular
![Page 19: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
G-protein linked
• Plasma membrane receptor.
• Works with “G-protein”, an
intracellular protein with GDP or
GTP.
![Page 20: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
G-protein
• GDP and GTP acts as a switch.
• If GDP - inactive
• If GTP - active
![Page 22: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
G-protein
• When active (GTP), the protein
binds to another protein (enzyme)
and alters its activation.
• Active state is only temporary.
![Page 23: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
G-protein linked receptors
• Very widespread and diverse in
functions.
• Ex - vision, smell, blood vessel
development.
![Page 25: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
G-protein linked receptors
• Many diseases work by affecting
g-protein linked receptors.
• Ex - whooping cough, botulism,
cholera, some cancers
![Page 26: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
G-protein linked receptors
• Up to 60% of all medicines exert
their effects through G-protein
linked receptors.
![Page 27: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Tyrosine-Kinase Receptors
• Extends through the cell
membrane.
• Intracellular part functions as a
“kinase”, which transfers Pi from
ATP to tyrosine on a substrate
protein.
![Page 28: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Mechanism
1. Ligand binding - causes two
receptor molecules to aggregate.
Ex - growth hormone
2. Activation of Tyrosine-kinase parts
in cytoplasm.
3. Phosphorylation of tyrosines by
ATP.
![Page 29: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Intracellular Proteins
• Become activated & cause the
cellular response.
![Page 31: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Tyrosine-Kinase Receptors
• Often activate several different
pathways at once, helping
regulate complicated functions
such as cell division.
![Page 32: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Ion-channel Receptors
• Protein pores in the membrane
that open or close in response to
chemical signals.
• Allow or block the flow of ions
such as Na+ or Ca2+.
![Page 33: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Ion-channel Receptors
• Activated by a ligand on the
extracellular side.
• Causes a change in ion
concentration inside the cell.
• Ex - nervous system signals.
![Page 34: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Intracellular Signals
• Proteins located in the cytoplasm
or nucleus that receive a signal
that CAN pass through the cell
membrane.
• Ex - steroids (hormones), NO or
nitric oxide
![Page 36: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Intracellular Signals
• Activated protein turns on genes
in nucleus.
![Page 38: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Comment
• Most signals never enter a cell.
The signal is received at the
membrane and passed on.
• Exception - intracellular receptors
![Page 39: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Signal-Transduction Pathways
• The further amplification and
movement of a signal in the
cytoplasm.
• Often has multiple steps using
relay proteins such as Protein
Kinases.
![Page 40: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Protein Kinase
• General name for any enzyme
that transfers Pi from ATP to a
protein.
• About 1% of our genes are for
Protein Kinases.
![Page 42: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Protein Phosphorylation
• The addition of Pi to a protein,
which activates the protein.
• Usually adds Pi to Serine or
Threonine.
![Page 43: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Amplification
• Protein Kinases often work in a
cascade with each being able to
activate several molecules.
• Result - from one signal, many
molecules can be activated.
![Page 44: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Secondary Messengers
• Small water soluble non-protein
molecules or ions that pass on a
signal.
• Spread rapidly by diffusion.
• Activates relay proteins.
![Page 46: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Secondary Messengers
• Examples - cAMP, Ca2+, inositol
trisphosphate (IP3)
![Page 47: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
cAMP
• A form of AMP made directly from
ATP by Adenylyl cyclase.
• Short lived - converted back to
AMP.
• Activates a number of Protein
Kinases.
![Page 48: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Calcium Ions
• More widely used than cAMP.
• Used as a secondary messenger
in both G-protein pathways and
tyrosine-kinase receptor
pathways.
![Page 50: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Calcium Ions
• Works because of differences in
concentration between
extracellular and intracellular
environments. (10,000X)
• Used in plants, muscles and other
places.
![Page 52: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Homework
•Read Chapter 11
•Chapter 11 – Mon. Nov. 5
•Ps Lab – Wed. Nov. 7
![Page 56: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Inositol Trisphosphate (IP3)
• Secondary messenger attached to
phospholipids of cell membrane.
• Sent to Ca channel on the ER.
• Allows flood of Ca2+ into the
cytoplasm from the ER.
![Page 57: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Start here
Or Start here
![Page 58: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
![Page 59: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
![Page 60: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Cellular Responses
• Cytoplasmic Regulation
• Transcription Regulation in the
nucleus (DNA --> RNA).
![Page 61: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Cytoplasmic Regulation
• Rearrangement of the
cytoskeleton.
• Opening or closing of an ion
channel.
• Alteration of cell metabolism.
![Page 62: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Transcription Regulation
• Activating protein synthesis for
new enzymes.
• Transcription control factors are
often activated by a Protein
Kinase.
![Page 63: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
![Page 64: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Question
• If liver and heart cells both are
exposed to ligands, why does one
respond and the other not?
• Different cells have different
collections of receptors.
![Page 65: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Alternate explanation
![Page 66: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Comment
• Chapter focused only on
activating signals. There are also
inactivation mechanisms to stop
signals.
![Page 67: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Signaling Efficiency
• Often increased by the use of
scaffolding proteins.
• Scaffolding proteins – a protein
that holds or groups signal
pathway proteins together.
![Page 68: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
![Page 69: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Apoptosis
• Programmed cell death
• Uses cell signaling pathways
• DNA is chopped up
• Cell shrinks and becomes lobed (blebbing)
• Pieces are digested by specialized scavenger cells
![Page 70: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
![Page 71: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
WBC before and after
![Page 72: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Apoptosis
• Balance between signals for “live” or “die”
• Triggered by mitochondria damage, neighbor cells, internal signals
• Involved with Parkinson’s Alzheimer’s, Cancer
![Page 73: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
![Page 74: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Apoptosis video
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
DR80Huxp4y8
![Page 75: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Summary
• Don’t get bogged down in details in this chapter. Use the KISS principle.
• Know - 3 stages of cell signaling.
• Know - At least one example of a receptor and how it works (in detail).
![Page 76: Characteristics Of Lifeperrylocal.org/herstinm/files/2011/03/Chapter-11.12-13.pdf · Ion channels 4. Intracellular G-protein linked •Plasma membrane receptor. •Works with “G-protein”,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071020/5fd3b504d0dfd769a300f313/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Summary
• Know - protein kinases and
cascades (amplification)
• Know – example of a secondary
signal
• Apoptosis