Chapter 5: Kitchen Essentials 2
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Transcript of Chapter 5: Kitchen Essentials 2
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CHAPTER 5: KITCHEN ESSENTIALS 2ProStart Year 1
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EQUIPMENT USED IN THE FLOW OF FOOD
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KNIVES
Used in the butchering areas
Separates meat from the bones
Blade is thin and flexible
All purpose knife used for cutting, chopping, mincing, and slicing
Boning Chef’s
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KNIVES
Heavy, rectangular knife to chop all kinds of food
Used for cutting through bones
Thin, flexible blade for cutting fish fillets
Cleaver Fillet
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KNIVES
Trim and pare fruits and vegetables
General purpose knife
Paring Santoku
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KNIVES
Cooks use this knife to cut cakes and breads
Slicer
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WHAT IS A STEEL AND WHY IS IT USED? A steel is a long metal rod that is lightly
grooved and magnetized. It removes microscopic burs that are created
as a knife is sharpened How do you use one?
Drag the knife along the steel at a 20 degree angle pushing the knife away from you
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SMALLWARES China Cap
Pierced metal cone strainer; used to strain liquids
Colander Drains liquid from cooked pasta and veggies
Sieve Mesh screen used to sift flour and other dry
baking ingredients Chinois
A very fine China Cap Strainer
Mesh-like material used to strain items
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SMALLWARES Offset spatula
Turns food on griddle or broiler Rubber spatula
Long handle, used to fold ingredients together and scrape the sides of the bowls
Sandwich Spreader Short, stubby spatula
Straight Spatula Flexible, rounded tipped tool used for icing
cakes, spreading fillings, and glazes
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WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE? Pots
Available in a range of sizes based on volume Pans
Usually smaller and shallower than pots General stove-top cooking
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CARING FOR TYPES OF METALS Aluminum
Hand-wash in soapy water Use a nonabrasive (soft) cleaner to remove
stains Cast Iron
Wash in warm water with soap Keep properly conditioned and dry to prevent
rust and pitting Chrome
Wash in warm water with soap or detergent Do not use harsh cleaners
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CARING FOR TYPES OF METALS Copper
Use commercial cleaners to remove discoloration before regular washing
Stainless Steel Wash in hot, soapy water or warm chemicals and
water solution Rinse well-dry right away to avoid water spots
Nonstick Coating Use a plastic mesh scrubber to scrub inside the
non-stick pan to avoid scratching Remove residue from bottom of the pan or food
may burn
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WHAT IS THIS TOOL?
Manual operated slicer made of stainless steel with adjustable blades to slice and julienne
Also known as a hand-held blender, stick blender, or burr mixer
Used to puree and blend foods
Mandolin Immersion Blender
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WHAT DOES EACH MIXER ATTACHMENT DO?
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WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE? Convection
Has a fan that rotates the hot air around the food as it cooks
Conventional Have the heat source located on the floor of the
oven so that the heat rises
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WHAT’S THIS??
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MISE EN PLACE
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PRE-PREPARATION STEPS1. Assemble tools2. Assemble ingredients 3. Wash, trim, cut, prepare, and measure the
ingredients4. Prepare the equipment (preheat oven, line
the baking sheets)
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WHAT IS A SEASONING?Something that enhances the flavor of a dish without changing the dishSalt, Pepper, Sugar, and Acid are the 4 seasonings.
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WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?
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WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?
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WHAT’S UNIQUE? Garlic and Onion
They are oil-soluble This means they work well when added to cooking oil
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HOW DO YOU SEPARATE EGG WHITES?
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HOW DO YOU WHIP EGG WHITES?
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DEFINE… Barding
Wrapping an item (usually in meat) with strips of fat before cooking
Marinating Soaking an item in a combination of wet and dry
ingredients
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DRY-HEAT COOKING METHODS
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DRY-HEAT COOKING METHODS
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DRY-HEAT COOKING METHODS
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MOIST-HEAT COOKING METHODS
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COMBINATION COOKING METHODS
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WHAT IS PLATING?The decision about what serving vessel will be used to present the product•Layout of the items on the plate or bowl•Garnishing of the item is included in this decision
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WHAT SHOULD YOU CONSIDER WHEN PLATING?1. Look at the plate/bowl as a picture frame.
Select the right dish for the portion size2. Maintain a good balance of colors.
Remember 3 colors are usually enough3. Height makes any plate more attractive4. Always cut the ingredients neatly and
uniformly5. Keep it simple
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WHAT DOES RDA STAND FOR?Recommended Dietary Allowances
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VEGETARIAN DIETS
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DIETARY GUIDELINES1. Adequate nutrition within calorie needs2. Weight management3. Physical activity4. Fats5. Encourage food groups6. Carbohydrates7. Sodium and potassium8. Alcoholic beverages in moderation
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MY PYRAMID
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MY PYRAMID KEY THEMES
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WHAT DOES THE FDA REQUIRE ON FOOD LABELS
1. Serving size and servings per container
2. Total calories and calories from fat
3. Total fat and saturated fat4. Trans fat5. Cholesterol6. Sodium7. Total carbohydrates and dietary
fiber8. Protein9. Vitamins A and C, Calcium, and
Iron
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OBESITY Several causes of obesity are known:1. Poverty and food insecurity
Psychological food issues may develop after a period of extreme hunger or starvation
2. Family history3. Lack of physical activity4. Excessive caloric intake for their needs
Lack of nutrition knowledge, larger portion sizes, emotional reasons, or enjoyment of food