Chapter 3Chapter 3

FederalismFederalism

A way of organizing a nation so that two or A way of organizing a nation so that two or more levels of government have formal more levels of government have formal authority over the same area of peopleauthority over the same area of peopleFederal Gov’tFederal Gov’t

State Gov’tState Gov’t

ConfederationsConfederations

Place all or most of the power in the hands Place all or most of the power in the hands of the components while the national gov’t of the components while the national gov’t is weak.is weak.

Intergovernmental RelationsIntergovernmental Relations

The entire set of interactions among The entire set of interactions among national, state, and local gov’tsnational, state, and local gov’ts

More FederalismMore Federalism

Decentralizes politics in AmericaDecentralizes politics in America

Decentralizes policies in AmericaDecentralizes policies in America

Division of PowerDivision of Power

Supremacy ClauseSupremacy Clause"This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which "This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which

shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding." U.S. Const. art. VI, Paragraph 2 the contrary notwithstanding." U.S. Const. art. VI, Paragraph 2

Establishes the Const., laws of the Establishes the Const., laws of the national gov’t, and treaties as the supreme national gov’t, and treaties as the supreme law of the land.law of the land.

More DivisionMore Division

1010thth Amendment Amendment““The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.”respectively, or to the people.”

National SupremacyNational Supremacy

Implied Powers: McCulloch v MarylandImplied Powers: McCulloch v Maryland Powers that go beyond enumerated powersPowers that go beyond enumerated powers

Powers specifically listed in the Const.Powers specifically listed in the Const. Basis of the “elastic clause”Basis of the “elastic clause”

““To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.”United States, or in any department or officer thereof.”

Nat’l Sup.Nat’l Sup.

Commerce PowerCommerce Power Gibbons v OgdenGibbons v Ogden Steamboat monopoly in New YorkSteamboat monopoly in New York

Defined commerce very broadlyDefined commerce very broadly

Included transportation Included transportation

States’ ObligationsStates’ Obligations

Full faith and creditFull faith and credit

Article IVArticle IV

If you are a convicted murderer in If you are a convicted murderer in Wyoming, you are a murderer in TexasWyoming, you are a murderer in Texas

ExtraditionExtradition If you commit a crime in Washington and run If you commit a crime in Washington and run

and are caught in New York, NY will send you and are caught in New York, NY will send you back to WAback to WA

More StatesMore States

Privileges and ImmunitiesPrivileges and Immunities

Can’t make laws that say that if you are Can’t make laws that say that if you are not from this state you can’t work here.not from this state you can’t work here.

Court has been vague on what rights are Court has been vague on what rights are included under this clauseincluded under this clause

I.R. todayI.R. today

Duel FederalismDuel Federalism States and Feds. Each remain supreme within States and Feds. Each remain supreme within

their own spherestheir own spheres

Cooperative FederalismCooperative Federalism Powers and policy assignments are shared Powers and policy assignments are shared

between states and the nat’l gov’tbetween states and the nat’l gov’tShared costsShared costs

Federal guidelinesFederal guidelines

Shared Administration Shared Administration

Fiscal FederalismFiscal Federalism

Pattern of spending, taxing, and providing Pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal systemgrants in the federal system Categorical GrantsCategorical Grants

Main source of fed. aid to state and local gov’tsMain source of fed. aid to state and local gov’ts Project Grants: awarded on basis of competitive Project Grants: awarded on basis of competitive

applicationsapplications Formula Grants: distributed according to a formulaFormula Grants: distributed according to a formula

Block GrantsBlock GrantsAutomatically given to states or locals and they Automatically given to states or locals and they have the descresion as to how they spend them.have the descresion as to how they spend them.

Well…there’s a small problem with Well…there’s a small problem with Federalism…Federalism…

Unfunded MandatesUnfunded Mandates Feds require something, but they expect the Feds require something, but they expect the

states to pay for itstates to pay for it

In the last half of the twentieth century, voter In the last half of the twentieth century, voter turnout in federal elections has declined. During turnout in federal elections has declined. During the same period, voter turnout has been higher the same period, voter turnout has been higher in presidential elections than in midterm in presidential elections than in midterm elections.elections.a) Identify two factors that have contributed to a) Identify two factors that have contributed to the overall decline in turnout in federal elections the overall decline in turnout in federal elections and explain how each factor has contributed to and explain how each factor has contributed to the overall declinethe overall declineb) Indentify and explain two reasons why voter b) Indentify and explain two reasons why voter turnout has been higher in presidential elections turnout has been higher in presidential elections than in midterm electionsthan in midterm elections