Chapter 24 World War II

Chapter 24World War II?? - 1945Chapter 24 Section 1I can list the events that led to the outbreak of World War II

Bullet Points p. 795Read pgs. 770 - 775Bullet Points: Pg.829Reading: Pgs. 802 - 807Events1918 World War I Armistice was not a world wide treatyGermans punished and suffer from WWI1921 World suffers post war recessionAdolf Hitler becomes the leader of the German Nazi PartyDifferent Countries With Similar Problems and ResultsRussiaItalyGermanyJapanItalyEconomic and Social Problems cause unrest1922 Benito Mussolini threatens to overthrow government

How does the Italian government respond?ItalyMussolini named Prime MinisterCreates Worlds First Fascist Government

FascismA political system based on militarism, extreme nationalism, and loyalty to the state and its leader.The boss is always rightSuperior nations must conquer and control weaker nationsMussoliniItaly is superior to other countriesReturn to the Roman EmpireBannedFreedom of the PressOther Political PartiesJailed or Murdered CriticsItalyGovernmentChangesProblemsRussiaJoseph Stalin and the Communist Party

RussiaCommunism created a totalitarian government in RussiaTotalitarian - Single Party SystemGovernment controls farms, land, animals, and buisnesses4 million critics were executed or sent to prison camps (GULAGS)GULAGS

RussiaGovernmentSocietyProblemsGermanyEconomic struggles caused by WWI led to the rise of the Nazi Party and Adolf HitlerHarsh treatment from WWI left many Germans unhappy with the World

NazismForm of FascismAnti-SemiticGermans are the Master RaceBelieved WWI was lost because Jews and inferior people like GypsiesHitler uses this belief to his advantage

Adolf HitlerElected Chancellor in 1933Political Parties OutlawedSecret Police Enforce His Will

Jewish Community in GermanyBlamed for social and economic issuesScapegoatBanned from professionsCommunity was attackedSent to slave labor camps

GermanyGovernmentSocietyJapanJapans economy struggles following WWIJapan felt that they need space1936 Militarists take control

Japans Military Aggression Believed they were superiorRacistAggression Warlike actions against another nation without cause1931 Japan Seizes Manchuria and China1937 Attacks Nanjing China, 250,000 Civilians and POWs killed

JapanGovernmentSocietyJapans Control of Asia

ConsequencesJapan suspended from League of Nations for one year

Four New PowersItaly Russia Japan Germany

LeadersItalys Military Aggression1935 Italy Invades EthiopiaHaile Selassie (Ethiopian leader) appeals to the League of NationsWeak responseEthiopia Falls

Germanys Military AggressionHitler rebuilds German Army League of Nations objects1936 Troops sent into Rhineland League of Nations objects1938 Hitler takes over Austria No one does anything

German Aggression1938 Germany tries to take over Czechoslovakia Britain & France ObjectMunich Pact Britain and France agree to let Germany take part of Czechoslovakia (Sudetenland) in return for no further aggressionNo one asked the Czechs

AppeasementA policy of giving into aggression to avoid warNeville Chamberlain (British PM) Peace for our timeDid it work?(NO.) 1939 Hitler takes the rest of Czech

Americas Response1935: Neutrality ActNo assistance to those in warGood Neighbor PolicyUS removes troops from Latin AmericaWhy did we engage in the Neutrality Act and the Good Neighbor Policy?

War Begins in EuropeBritain and France promise Poland they will come to their aid if Germany invades

Aug. 1939: Hitler and Stalin agree to non-aggression deal (even though theyre enemies??) Secretly agree to divide up PolandWar Begins in EuropeSept. 1, 1939: Germany invades PolandSeptember 3, 1939: France and England declare war on GermanySept. 17, 1939: Russia invades Eastern Poland and later FinlandRussia also, annexed Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia

Germany Invades Poland

Germanys MarchApril-May 1940:Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Luxemburg, and Belgium Fall

France falls under attack (May 1940)

Fight for FranceBritain sends troops to help FranceBritish and French put on the defensiveGermans pushed them back to Dunkirk (French port on the English Channel)Britain sends all ships to rescue soldiersWith no one in his path, Hitler marches to Paris (the capital of France)

June 22, 1940France SurrendersBarely six weeks after Germany invadedBattle for Britain Britain stands aloneWinston Churchill, the (new) British Prime Minister rallies the country:Even though large tracts of Europe and many old and famous States have fallen or may fall into the grip of the Gestapo and all the odious apparatus of Nazi rule, we shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end We shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be. We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrenderWinston Churchill

Battle for BritainHitler launches an air attack to bomb Britain into submissionTens of thousands killedAttacks ravaged the land, but Britain did not breakBritish planes fight backThis continues through summer and into fallHitler abandons plans of invading Britain

June 22nd, 1941Germany Attacks Russia1938Hitlers March193919401941Take over of Czech and Peace for Our Time Appeasement Fails and Poland FallsDenmark, Norway, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium, and France Fall England and Russia Under AttackChapter 24 Section 2The United States at War

Bullet Points p. 795Read pgs. 776 - 781Bullet Points: 829Reading: 808-813Ch. 24 Sec. 2I understand how the United states moved from neutrality to full involvement in the war.

FDRs PledgeYour boys are not going to be sent into any foreign warsEasily reelected for third term

Lend-Lease ActFirst: Sold supplies to Britain How did this not violate the Neutrality Act?Second: Allowed for US to lend or lease supplies to the BritishAct extended to Russia and ChinaMost Americans agreedFDR: The greatest arsenal of democracy

United States PreparesBuild up of Army and NavyPeace Time Draft started (Sep. 1940)Created Tuskegee Airmen

Atlantic CharterUS and Britain lay out future, postwar goalsWould not seek territorial gainsEvery nation has the right to choose their own governmentNew peacekeeping organizationWhy?Japan and the Pacific1941 Japan invades IndochinaRoosevelt bans sale of iron and steel scrap metal to JapanLimits sale of oil to JapanJapan is faced with a shortage of fuel for their navyDecember 7th, 1941Japan Attacks the United States at Pearl Harbor

Why did the Japanese attack?The Japanese attacked because they predicted/feared the United States would become involved in the war, and needed to buy time to secure supplies.

The Damage200 Airplanes Destroyed

2 Battleships Destroyed

6 Battleships Damaged

2,400 Dead

United States Enters The WarDecember 8th, 1941 Yesterday, December 7, 1941, a date which will live in infamy, the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.Congress declares war on Japan

Make the connectionThe sinking of The Main led the U.S. into the Spanish-American War.The sinking of The Lusitania led the U.S. into World War I.The attack on Pearl Harbor led the U.S. into WWII.How does the sinking of The Main and The Lusitania relate to the attack on Pearl Harbor?Total WarConflict involving entire nations (not just armies) Countries put all resources into war effort Civilians are often targeted Total WarDecember 11, 1941Germany and Italy (Japans allies) declare war on the United StatesDivisions Allies AxisUnited States GermanyBritain JapanFrance ItalyRussia + 6 moreChina +45 more

Two FrontsEurope (ETO)Europe (Eastern and Western fronts)and Africa

PacificPacific Ocean, Australia, Indochina, and Japan

1942: Europe and North AfricaGermany controlled most of Western EuropeGermany had advanced into North Africa Morocco, Algeria, Libya, EgyptGermany had advanced deep into RussiaMillions of Russians dead

Russian WinterDecember 1941: Russians stopped German advance outside of Moscow mid 1942: Germany tries again at Stalingrad Russians stop them once again

North AfricaGerman general, Erwin Rommel defeated in Egypt in 1942 (October)British attack from the East and the U.S., under General Eisenhower, attack from the WestGermans retreat: Rommel surrenders in May 1943North Africa

Axis POWs

Japan 1942Japan takes control of manyCountries:Hong KongMalaysiaThailandBurmaGuamWake IslandsDutch East IndiesSolomon Islands

PhilippinesAttacked hours after Pearl Harbor

Philippines2 weeks later Japan invades at Luzon (key island)American forces retreat to BataanGeneral Douglas MacArthur ordered to leave by FDR (to take command of U.S. troops in Australia) Vows I shall return

Bataan Death MarchJapan captures approx. 70,000 soldiers (American and Filipino troops)Forced them to walk 65 miles to a prison camp So many died of starvation, disease, and/or violence that it became known as the Bataan Death March

The Tide TurnsTwo historic naval battles:Coral Sea & MidwayBattle of Coral Sea May 1942Japan to invade at New GuineaU.S. learns from radio interceptionSend fleet to stop2 carriers, Lexington and Yorktown

^^ new form of naval battle: planes attack off of carriers from many miles away

OutcomeLexington lostJapan loses fewer shipsCancels invasion of Port MoresbyFirst naval fight where ships never shoot at each otherBattle of Midway June 1942Japan to wipe out American Fleet by capturing key island with U.S. military baseTries to trap American carriers but the U.S. learns of plan by radio and sets own trap Japan suffers heavy lossesJapan no longer rules Pacific

Chapter 24, Section 3THE HOME FRONT

Bullet Points p. 795Read pgs. 770 - 775I can understand how the home front responded to American participation in the warBuilding the MilitaryDraft changed to keep men in for the entire war15 Million men drafted or volunteered

Women in the MilitaryNursesWACsWAVEsWASPs

A Wartime EconomyIndustry converted from consumer to military productsWar Production Board supervised everythingMilitary output doubledUnemployment shrankMinorities found jobsDepression ended

Supporting the War EffortVictory Gardens

Rationing: the act ofsetting limits on the amount of scarce goods people can buy

War Bonds

Four Groups Affected By the War 1. Women 2. Japanese Americans

3. African Americans 4. Mexican Americans

1.) Women in IndustryWomen took over millions of jobs:FactoriesShipyardsCrane operatorsBus driversPolice OfficersGas station attendants

Women in IndustryBetter pay Equal payBetter working conditionsSense of freedom, confidence, and independence

Rosie the Riveter

Rita HayworthBetty GarbleFor the boys Pin-up girls to boost morale

2.) Japanese AmericansAt start of war, 300,000 Japanese Americans lived in U.S. Americans afraid that they may be spiesFeb. 1942, 110,000 locked in internment camps far inlandForced to sell property

WHAT WOULD YOU HAVE DONE?

Japanese AmericansNot one case of disloyalty17,000 served in ETOOne group (442nd Neisi combat Regimental Team) = most decorated unit in history1990, each survivor given $20,000

21525604,0009,4868Other Tensions11,000+ foreign-born Germans and Italian Americans that had not yet gained citizenship were held in government camps Naturalized citizens faced curfews and travel limits3.) African AmericansSegregated military unitsDiscrimination in private industryRoosevelt pressured into ordering equality in hiringSet up the Fair Employment Practices CommitteeAfrican AmericansAs African Americans moved to cities, competition over housing1943 race riots in Detroit and New York

Mexican Americans million served in armed forces in WW II1942 treaty with Mexico allowed U.S. companies to hire Mexican laborers (braceros) worked on farms and RRFaced prejudice and violenceMexican Americans1943 Zoot suit riots in L.A.Newspapers blamed Mexican AmericansEleanor Roosevelt blamed discrimination

Zoot suits

Chapter 24, Section 4Toward Victory

Bullet Points pg. 829Read pgs. 821-827I can understand how the Allies won World War II and the resultsLEADERSRoosevelt U.S.Churchill EnglandStalin RussiaHitler GermanyMussolini Italy(general) Eisenhower U.S.(general) Rommell - GermanyVictory in Europe 1943: Stalin wants a 2nd front to help relieve Nazi assault

Roosevelt and Churchill did not think Allies ready

More realistic plan: Get Italy out of WW2The PlanInvade Italy, 1943 Draw Italian and German forces southInvade France in 2 places, 1944 Catch Germany off guard when France invadedRussia pushes west

The ResultSicily captured then Italy invadedMussolini dismissed by kingItaly surrenders, but:Germans take over parts of Italy and resist The resultHitler rescues Mussolini but hes captured (again) and killed

The result Allies continue the fight in Italy

Monte Cassino- Before

Monte Cassino - After

D-DAYJune 6, 1944Invasion of France

WHERE WOULD YOU INVADE?

Differing opinionsHitlerPas de CalaisRommellNormandy CoastWhere do majority of German troops go?Where do Allies land ?

BocageTroops fought way inlandCaught in the Bocage (Hedgerow) areaEarth and hedge 15 feet high

ParisBy August 1944, allies had retaken Paris France French liberated after 4 years of Nazi rule

2nd invasion of FranceAugust 1944, Southern France invaded

Battle of the BulgeDec. 1944 German push against alliesAttacked through Argonne ForestLightly defended by AlliesHitler uses all reserves and create a bulge in the line

Bastogne SurroundedGermans surround town of BastogneHeld by 101st AirborneGermans ask for surrenderAmerican General gives a 1 word reply:NUTS!

Germany InvadedJan 1945 Russia reaches Germany, pushes westU.S. reaches Germany and pushes eastGermany caught in a vise

Germany InvadedU.S. stops just east of Elbe RiverAllows Russia to take Berlin

WHY?

Germany InvadedU.S. and Britain bomb Germany non-stop

Roosevelt DiesAp. 12, 1945, President Roosevelt dies (stroke)V.P. Harry Truman takes over

Germany CollapsesGerman troops retreatLast stand in Berlin

Hitler DeadCommits suicide April 30, 1945May 8, 1945 Germany surrenders

May 8, 1945: V-E DayCommandersMacArthurNimitz

StrategyMove across Pacific, closer to Japan then bomb until surrender

StrategyMidway78 different attacksAug. 1942: Guadalcanal Solomon Island 1943: New Georgia & New Guinea, Bouganville, Tarawa Gilbert Islands, and take back Aleutians

Strategy1944: KwajaleinSummer of 1944: Saipan,Tinian, and GuamOct 1944 Aug 15, 1945: Back to PhillippinesFeb. 1945: Iwo Jima Ap, 1945: Okinowa

Island HoppingResultsBut at What Cost?Guadalcanal Solomon Islands1,004 Dead

New Georgia New Guinea170 Dead

Bouganville1,243 Dead

Tarawa, Bloody Tarawa1,711 Dead

Aleutians180 Dead

Kwajalein372 Dead

Saipan2,949 Dead

Japanese Suicides - Saipan

Tinian328 Dead

Guam7,100 Dead

Philippines4,438 Dead

Iwo Jima2,093 Dead

Okinawa7, 272 Dead

What did we want?Airfields

WHY?To bomb Japan

Then what?Invade Japan

Operation DOWNFALLOperation OlympicOctober 1945Invade southern Island of KyushuOperation CoronetSpring 1946Invade Tokyo areaCostU.S.1.7 million casualties400,000 800,000 deadJAPAN5 10 MILLION DEADBefore Atomic BombJapan fights back - Kamikaze

A BETTER IDEA

15,000 tons TNT21,000 tons TNTThen:

The Atomic BombHIROSHIMAAUGUST 6, 1945NAGASAKIAUGUST 9, 194580,000 dead90,000 140,000 total after exposure69% destruction

60,000 80,000 dead

I can list the events that led to the outbreak of World War IIAnswer Ch. 24 Sec. 11.Totalitarian dictators gained power after WW I.2. Germany, Italy, and Japan started on a path of military conquestThe United States tried to remain neutral in world affairsGermany and Russia agree not to hurt one another then divide Poland when Germany invades PolandI understand how the United States moved from neutrality to full involvement in the war.Answers Ch. 24 Sec 21. The U.S. increased military production, created a peace time draft and agreed to help its allies.The U.S. finally entered the war when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, Dec. 7, 1941.After the loss of the Philippines and most of the South Pacific islands, the U.S. finally beat the Japanese at the Battle of the Coral Sea and the Germans in North Africa I understand how the home front responded to American participation in the warAnswers Ch. 24 Sec. 3The U.S. asked for volunteers and drafted men totaling 15 millionThe U.S. created the War Production board which controlled all factory productsAmerican women took over the jobs left by men, served in the military, grew victory gardens, rationed consumer goods and did everything necessary to win.Even U.S. citizens of Japanese ancestry were locked up. I can understand how the Allies won World War II and the resultsAnswers Ch. 24 Sec. 4More tanks, more men, more supplies, etc. and NO HITLER telling the U.S. Generals what to do.The development and dropping of the A-bomb on Japan convinced them to surrender.6 million Jews and countless millions of other were murdered by the Nazis.What happened to war criminals