Chapter 20 – Section 1
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Transcript of Chapter 20 – Section 1
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Chapter 20 – Section 1The Modern Era Begins
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Disaster Strikes Galveston• On Sept. 8, 1900 a hurricane of unbelievable
force struck Galveston• 120 mph winds and• High-cresting tidal waves left more than half
of Galveston completely destroyed• Nearly 6,000 deaths• Thousands injured and left homeless
It was the worst natural disaster in U.S. History!
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Galveston Before the Storm• In many ways,
Galveston was the most modern Texas city –
• first electric lights, telephones in the state
• a world-class opera house that hosted some of the finest performers in the world
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Aftermath of GalvestonCould anything positive possibly come
out of a disaster like the Galveston hurricane?
YES!
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• U.S. Army Corp of Engineers built a seawall around the shoreline to prevent damaging waves and water surges from battering homes and businesses
• Houses buildings jacked up or rebuilt on stilt platforms to raise them
• Galveston adopts a new city manager form of government to handle the rebuilding (most common form of city government in Texas)
• Galveston is a good model for seawalls and other protective measures to safeguard other coastal cities from tropical storm damage
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Question:“How would an emergency
such as a hurricane test a city government?”
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OIL – TEXAS GOLD!• Less than 4 months after the Galveston
hurricane in 1900, oil was discovered nearly 100 miles away.
• Lyne T. Barret drilled the first well in Texas, a few miles from Nacogdoches.
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Oil – Texas Gold
• To process the crude oil, Joseph S. Cullinan built a refinery at Corsicana – the first one west of the Mississippi River
• He pioneered the method of using natural gas to heat homes, provide lighting; also using oil to power and run railroad trains
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Question:Why were Cullinan’s inventions especially important to the oil
industry and consumers?
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Spindletop – the First Gusher
• On Jan 10, 1901 – at Spindletop, south of Beaumont, a gusher began shooting out 100,000 barrels of oil per day until it was capped 9 days later.
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Spindletop – cont’d• Overnight, Beaumont
became transformed, as oil prospectors and drillers flocked to the small city.
• Oil companies like Texas Company (later TEXACO) began, and within a few months, Beaumont’s population grew from about 9,000 to over 50,000
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Activity:1. Draw a T-chart on paper.2. On the left side of the T-chart,
write “Texas Oil Boom”; on the right side write “California Gold Rush”
3. List as many similarities as you can that these events shared or had in common. Share your responses.
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Oil Creates Texas Boomtowns
• Early Boomtowns were noisy, dirty, crowded, and sometimes dangerous because some of the escaping gas fumes were deadly when inhaled.
• A new settlement near the refinery joined with Goose Creek and Pelly to become the prosperous Baytown.
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Question:What does the term “boomtown” mean?
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Houston Benefits from Oil Discoveries
• Houston became the center of the oil business industry.
• Petroleum companies needed the banking, insurance, transportation, and legal services Houston could provide.
• On Sept 7, 1914 – the Houston Ship Channel opened which allowed large ships and barges into the port.
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Lumber Booms in East Texas
• The oil boom in southeast Texas created a demand for products needed by oil companies – such as lumber to build the oil derricks and buildings.
• Lumber operations created thousands of acres of deforested land, which some people believed should have been converted into farmland.
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Lumber in East Texas – cont’d
• Conservationists like W. Goodrich Jones urged replanting of pine trees for trees cut.
• Many Texas leaders urged the development of additional industries
• Brickmaking was a successful industry, which used local clay deposits to make high quality bricks.
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Question:What was the effect of the
oil and lumber industries on the environment?
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Dallas Dominates Central Texas
• By 1900, Dallas became the major city of central Texas.
• It became a center for shipping and storing cotton, plus other goods.
• It also became a financial center for banking, insurance, and legal services.
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Dallas Dominates Central Texas
• Neiman-Marcus department store opened in Dallas in 1907;
• Sears and Roebuck (later “Sears”), a Chicago mail-order company, opened its southwestern U.S. distribution center in Dallas.
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Question:Why would Sears and
Roebuck choose to locate in Dallas?