Chapter 2 Section 2 Egypt. Egypt Modern Day EgyptAncient Egypt.
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Transcript of Chapter 2 Section 2 Egypt. Egypt Modern Day EgyptAncient Egypt.
Chapter 2 Section 2Egypt
Egypt
• Modern Day Egypt • Ancient Egypt
Geography & Climate
• Nile River Valley• Fertile Soil• Upstream Winds• Sunny & Frost-Free• Desert & Sea =
Natural Protection
Canal on Nile Flood Plain
Felucca Boats
Religion
• Polytheistic - Sun gods & Land gods
• Afterlife
• Pharaohs- gods on earth
Economy
• Trade over Isthmus of Suez into Middle East
• Travel by sea or caravan
• Trade Surplus Food- Wheat, Barley, Flax, Cotton
• Peasants farm and give crops for rent & taxes
Menes-3200 B.C.E.
• Unites Upper and Lower Egypt into one kingdom-crushes rebellion= prosperity
• Founds 1st of 30 dynasties
• Religious & Political Leader
Menes Conquering Lower Egypt
Old Kingdom Middle Kingdom New Kingdom
Dates & DurationWhen/How long did it last- # of years
Advancements/
Accomplishments
Internal Power Structure Who had power? Was anyone gaining or losing power?
Reason for declineWhy did it end?
Old Kingdom Middle Kingdom New Kingdom
Dates & Duration About 500 years
2700-2200 B.C.E.
About 405 years
2055-1650 B.C.E.
About 480 years
1550-1070 B.C.E.
Advancements/
accomplishmentsGreat Pyramid for King Khufu
Pharaohs make public works projects to help people/conquered nubia
Pharaohs extend territory to land along Mediterranean Sea & to Nubia Empire begins
Internal Power Structure
Pharaoh rule but
Bureaucracy helps
Pharaohs ruled, but were weakened by nobles and priests
•Pharaohs had absolute power for a time•Local governors- sons & bros to Thebes
Reason for decline
Power Struggles
disorder
Power Struggles = Invasion of Hyksos
From Asia w/ Chariots
Invaders- Nubia, Persia, Assyria & Revolt
End of the Old Kingdom-
Relief showing men, women, and children suffering from the effects of severe famine
PHARAOHS CROWNED WITH SHEPHERD’S CROOK AND FLAIL
The Middle KingdomMiddle Kingdom was characterized by a new concern of the pharaohs for the people. In the Old Kingdom, the pharaoh had been viewed as an inaccessible god-king. Now he was portrayed as the shepherd of his people.
Tutankhamen- Boy King
• Polytheism comes back
• Tomb found 1922
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/11/photogalleries/king_tut/
Pharaohs of the New Kingdom
• Hatshepsut- c. 1503-1482 B.C.E.
- Female, ruled after husband Thutmose II died
- Married to half brother
- Almost erased from history by stepson
New Kingdom Pharaohs
• Amenhotep IV- 1380-1362 B.C.E.– Not a good leader– Changed religion to monotheism temporarily– Aten the sun god worshipped– Capital from Thebes to Aketaton– Changes name to Akhenaton “he who is pleasing to
Aten”
Ramses II- 1279-1213 B.C.E.
• Last strong pharaoh before decline
• Great temples and monuments
• Wages war against invaders- Hittites
Egypt after decline
• Dominated by outsiders & finally Macedonia and Alexander the Great
• Cleopatra VII tries to get back independence, but fails and Rome takes over in the 1st century B.C.
Egyptian Social Classes
• In your notes draw a pyramid and label it. Use the information on p.41
Daily Life
• Marriage– Married young and arranged– Children especially males valued
• Roles of Men and Women– Men in charge but…
• Women could own property and inheritances • Could own businesses• 4 Women Pharaohs
Writing
• Hieroglyphics vs. Hieratic Script
• Upper class boys train to be scribes starting at age 10
• Rosetta Stone
Art & Science
• Calculate area and volume
• Accurate 365 day calendar
• Embalming
• Medical knowledge- splints, bandages, treatments for disease